Skip to main content

An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability Reporting Assessment in the Greek Banking Sector

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Professionals' Perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility

Abstract

This paper aims to examine implementation of CSR in the banking sector by means of an analysis of the incorporation of environmental and social concerns into financial institutions’ decision-making, in order to evaluate the content of annual environmental (social or sustainability) reports published by Greek banks. It also analyses the various reporting strategies Greek banks adopt, as well as the emerging trends they tend to follow. A sustainability report assessment was implemented according to scoring systems based on the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines and the Deloitte Touché Tohmatsu sustainability reporting scorecard. The study has identified the fact that Greek banks finished in exactly the same position in the overall ranking with both scoring systems. However, the GRI requirements are very demanding for Greek banks while they seem to cover a greater number of the Deloitte Touché Tohmatsu requirements. The paper concludes by reporting on future CSR trends of the Greek banking sector, especially in the field of environmental and social strategies, as well as outlines some steps banks need to take in order to promote sustainability and thereby fulfil their stakeholders’ demands.

Economic advance is not the same thing as human progress.

John Clapham, A Concise Economic History of Britain (1957)

For the purpose of this study, the terms environmental reports, social reports, sustainability reports and corporate social responsibility reports are considered simultaneous.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For more detail about the conducted surveys of this category, see Unerman (2000).

  2. 2.

    For more detail about the criteria of these guidelines see Morhardt et al. (2002).

  3. 3.

    However, it is very interesting to note that Wiseman (1982) and Morhardt (2001) have clearly stated that scoring methods are not connected with corporate environmental performance.

References

  • Abbott, W.F. and Monsen, R.J. (1979), “On the measurement of corporate social responsibility: self reported disclosures as a method of measuring corporate social involvement”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 501–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, C. and Kuasirikum, N. (2000), “A comparative analysis of corporate reporting on ethical issues by UK and German chemical and pharmaceutical companies”, European Accounting Review, Vol. 1, pp. 53–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Association of Greek Banks (2006), “Catalogue of Greek Credit Institutions”, available at http://62.1.43.74/Hebic/UplPDFs/banks_2007-1/Kodikos_All%2006.pdf [accessed 15 May 2007].

  • Athanasoglou, P.P., Brissimis, N.S. and Delis, D.M. (2008), “Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability”, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 121–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billiot, J.M. and Daughtrey, W.Z. (2001), “Evaluating environmental liability through risk premiums charged on loans agribusiness borrowers”, Agribusiness, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 273–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolivar, M.P.R. (2009), “Evaluating corporate environmental reporting on the internet: the utility and resource industries in Spain”, Business and Society, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 179–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyer, M. and Laffont, J.J. (1997), “Environmental risk and bank liability”, European Economic Review, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 427–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branco, C.M. and Rodrigues, L.L. (2006), “Communication of corporate social responsibility by Portuguese banks: a legitimacy theory perspective”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 232–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerin, P. (2002), “Characteristics of environmental reports of the OM Stockholm exchange”, Business Strategy and the Environmental, Vol. 11, pp. 298–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christopoulos, K.D., Lolos, E.G.S. and Tsionas, G.E. (2002), “Efficiency of the Greek banking system in view of the EMU: a heteroscedastic stochastic frontier approach”, Journal of Policy Modelling, Vol. 24, pp. 813–829.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coulson, B.A. and Monks, V.C. (1999), “Corporate environmental performance considerations within bank lending decisions”, Eco-management and Auditing, Vol. 6, pp. 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coupland, C. (2006), “Corporate social and environmental responsibility in web-based reports: currency in the banking sector?” Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 17, pp. 865–881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B. and Mamingi, N. (2001), “Pollution and capital markets in developing countries”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 42, pp. 310–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daub, C.H. (2007), “Assessing the quality of sustainability reporting: an alternative methodological approach”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 15, pp. 75–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis-Walling, P. and Batterman, S.A. (2007), “Environmental reporting by the fortune 50 firms”, Environmental Management, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 865–875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Villers, C. and Staden, J.C. (2006), “Can less environmental disclosures have a legitimising effect? Evidence from Africa”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 31, pp. 763–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deegan, C. and Rankin, M. (1997), “The materiality of environmental information to users of annual reports”, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 562–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deloitte Touché Tohmatsu (2006), “Deloitte Sustainability Reporting Scorecard”, Deloitte Touché Tohmatsou Global Sustainability Group, available at http://www.deloitte.com/sustainability [accessed 12 June 2007].

  • Douglas, A., Doris, J. and Johnson, B. (2004), “Corporate social reporting in Irish financial institutions”, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 387–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, C. (2004), “Environmental accounting: the Portuguese case”, Management of Environmental Quality: The International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 6, 561–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frekrat, A.M., Inclan, C. and Petroni, D. (1996), “Corporate environmental disclosures: competitive disclosures hypothesis using 1991 annual report data”, The International Journal of Accounting, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 175–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao, S.S., Haravi, S. and Xiao, J.Z. (2005), “Determinants of corporate social and environmental reporting in Hong Kong: a research note”, Accounting Forum, Vol. 29, pp. 233–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, D. (2001), “Financial sector reform and sustainable development: the case of Costa Rica”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 37, pp. 199–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, R., Kouhy, R. and Lavers, S. (1995), “Corporate environmental reporting: a review of the literature and a longitudinal study of UK disclosure”, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 47–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Global Reporting Initiative (2002), “Sustainability Reporting Guidelines”, Global Reporting Initiative, Boston, available at http://www.globalreporting.org [accessed 9 September 2006].

  • Halkos, E.G. and Salamouris, S.D. (2004), “Efficiency measurement of the Greek commercial banks with the use of financial rations: a data envelopment analysis approach”, Management Accounting Research, Vol. 15, pp. 201–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, K. and Miles, S. (2004), “Assessing quality assessment of corporate social reporting: UK perspectives”, Accounting Forum, Vol. 28, pp. 61–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamid, F.Z.A. (2004), “Corporate social disclosure by banks and finance companies: Malaysian evidence”, Corporate Ownership and Control, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 118–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haque, T. (2000), “New roles for finance in the race to sustainability: the experience of Grameen Bank, Bangladesh”, Corporate Environmental Strategy, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 228–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hondroyannis, G., Lolos, S. and Papapetrou, E. (1999), “Assessing competitive conditions in the Greek banking system”, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions &Money, Vol. 9, pp. 377–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Idowu, S.O. and Towler, B.A. (2004), “A comparative study of the contents of corporate social responsibility reports of UK companies”, Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 420–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Igalens, J. and Gond, J.P. (2005), “Measuring corporate social performance in France: a critical and empirical analysis of ARESE data”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 56, pp. 131–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ilinish, Y.A., Soderstrom, S.N. and Thomas, E.T. (1998), “Measuring corporate environmental performance”, Journal of Accounting and Public Police, Vol. 17, pp. 383–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, E.J., Kim, J.S. and Phee, S.K. (2001), “The measurement of corporate environmental performance and its application to the analysis of efficiency in the oil industry”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 9, pp. 551–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolk, A. (1999), “Evaluating corporate environmental reporting”, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 225–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Labatt, S., White, R.R. and Cooper, G. (2002), Environmental Finance: A Guide to Environmental Risk Assessment and Financial Products, Wiley & Sons, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landgren, M. and Catasus, B. (2000), “The banks’ impacts on the natural environment- on the space between ‘what is’ and ‘what if’”, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 9, pp. 186–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanoie, P., Lamplante, B. and Roy, M. (1998), “Can capital markets create incentives for pollution control?”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 26, pp. 31–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCammon, A.L.T. (1995), “Banking responsibility and liability for the environment: what are banks doing?”, Environmental Conservation, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 297–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mezher, T., Jamali, D. and Zreik, C. (2002), “The role of financial institutions in the sustainable development of Lebanon”, Sustainable Development, Vol. 10, pp. 69–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morhardt, J.E., Baird, S. and Freeman, K. (2002), “Scoring corporate environmental and sustainability reports using GRI 2000, ISO 14031 and other criteria”, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 9, pp. 215–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morhardt, J.E. (2001), “Scoring corporate environmental reports for comprehensiveness: a comparison of three systems”, Environmental Management, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 881–892.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donovan, G. (2002), “Environmental disclosures in the annual report extending the applicability and predictive power of legitimacy theory”, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 344–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raar, J. (2007), “Reported social and environmental taxonomies: a longer-term glimpse”, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 840–864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, J.A., Welker, M. and Hutchinson, R.I. (1999), “Managing capital market reactions to corporate social responsibility”, International Journal of Management Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, B.C. (1991), “Environmental disclosures: a note on reporting practices in Mainland Europe”, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 62–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarokin, D. and Schulkin, J. (1991), “Environmental concerns and business, banking”, Journal of Commercial Bank Lending, Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 6–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, A. and Spaeter, S. (2005), “Improving the prevention of environmental risks with convertible bonds”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 50, pp. 637–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skouloudis, A., Evangelinos, K. and Kourmousis, F. (2007), “Benchmarking Greek sustainability reports according to the GRI reporting guidelines”, First Conference on Environmental Management, Engineering, Planning and Economics, June 24–28, Skiathos Island, Greece.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skouloudis, AΑ., Kourmousis, F. and Evangelinos, K. (2007), “Development of an evaluation Methodology for sustainability reports Using International Standards on Reporting”, 10th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, September 5–7, Kos Island, Greece.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D.R. (1994), “Environmental risk: credit approaches and opportunities, an interim report”, United Nations Environment Programme, McGraw Hill, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanwick, D.S. and Stanwick, A.P. (1998), “A descriptive analysis of environmental disclosures: a study of the US chemical industry”, Eco-Management and Auditing, Vol. 5, pp 22–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stray, S. and Ballantine, J. (2000), “A sectoral comparison of corporate environmental reporting and disclosure”, Eco-Management and Auditing, Vol. 7, pp. 165–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarna, K. (1999), “Reporting on the environment: current practices in the financial services sector”, Greener Management International, Vol. 26, pp. 49–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, P. and Cowton, J.C. (2004), “Bringing the environment into bank lending: implications for environmental reporting”, The British Accounting Review, Vol. 36, pp. 197–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, P. (1998), “Bank lending and the environment: policies and opportunities”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 243–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilt, A.C. (2001), “The content and disclosure of Australian corporate environmental policies”, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 190–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, K.W.E. (1998), “A longitudinal study of corporate social reporting in Singapore: the case of the banking, food and beverage, and hotel industries”, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 624–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unerman, J. (2000), “Methodological issues: reflections on quantification in corporate social reporting content analysis”, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 667–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Staden, J.C. and Hook, J. (2007), “A comprehensive comparison of corporate environmental reporting and responsiveness”, The British Accounting Review, Vol. 39, pp. 197–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiler, E., Murray, C.B., Kelly, J.S. and Ganzi, T.J. (1997), “Review of environmental risk management at banking institutions and potential relevance of ISO 14000”, Research Triangle Institute, Working Paper, RTI Project Number 5774-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiseman, J. (1982), “An evaluation of environmental disclosures made in corporate annual reports”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 53–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeghal, D. and Ajmed, A.S. (1990), “Comparison of social responsibility information disclosure media used by Canadian firms”, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 38–53.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Evangelinos, K.I., Skouloudis, A., Nikolaou, I.E., Filho, W.L. (2009). An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability Reporting Assessment in the Greek Banking Sector. In: Idowu, S., Leal Filho, W. (eds) Professionals' Perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02630-0_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics