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Looking Into the “Black Box”

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The Neurobiology of Orthodontics

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Abstract

The brain that regulates the oral sensorimotor behavior, such as chewing, speech, etc, is traditionally viewed as an impenetrable black box receiving inputs (sensory stimuli) and emitting motor outputs (responses) with little attention paid to what goes on inside the brain. Without information about the intervening central mechanisms most early oral motor behavior research contributed little to the understanding of normal and dysfunctional motor behavior.

This chapter examines the intervening brain mechanisms according to the most currently accepted view of processing of information from the senses in the brain, resulting in structural and chemical transformation of the brain. These changes in turn, underlie sensation and perception of experiences, learning and memory of experiences (cognitive function), as well as motor output that controls the contraction of masticatory and speech muscles. The appealing aspect of this approach is that it focuses attention on the cognitive activities that precede oral motor acts and have to be learned first and inscribed in memory before the motor command is issued to the muscles. Thus, the information-processing approach stresses a completely new conceptualization of oral functions, through the description of the precise neural events in the brain that underlie these functions, which eventually will provide the practitioner with a rationale for correcting dysfunction of the mouth through changes in the brain.

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    Dr Margaritis Z. Pimenidis

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Pimenidis, M.Z. (2009). Looking Into the “Black Box”. In: The Neurobiology of Orthodontics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00396-7_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00396-7_4

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