Introduction

Abstract

We begin with the fundamental element, or you may say, the first step of traveling to space: orbiting around Earth or another celestial body. Consider an object orbiting the Earth; unless there are factors such interaction with the upper atmosphere, solar winds, and inertial energy losses, the object will orbit indefinitely. The reason is that all objects in orbit are essentially falling around the body they are orbiting. This is relatively simple to illustrate. The acceleration of gravity at the surface of the Earth is 32.1741 ft/s² (9.8067 m/s²) and that means, from Newton’s Laws, in one second an object will fall 16.087 feet or 4.9033 meters from rest.