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Renal Lymphoma and Renal Sarcoma

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Radiological Imaging of the Kidney

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

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Abstract

Renal lymphoma can present as a primary or secondary manifestation of lymphoma. Both are rare. At imaging studies, five different presentation forms of renal lymphoma can be distinguished: solitary or multiple renal masses, infiltrative lesions, perirenal lymphoma, and extension of a retroperitoneal lymphoid mass in the kidney.

In general, diagnosis of renal lymphoma is not difficult as multisystemic disseminated disease is often present. Biopsy is recommended to avoid surgery. CT and PET-CT remain the modalities of choice for diagnosis and staging. MRI can be useful in patients with iodinated contrast allergy and renal insufficiency. Ultrasound has a roll in screening for renal mass in patients with flank pain or renal insufficiency and is the modality of choice in image-guided biopsy.

Renal sarcoma can present as a primary or secondary manifestation of sarcoma. Both are very rare. Diagnosis on imaging is not straightforward because the imaging characteristics are extremely variable, depending on the nature and the degree of differentiation of the tumor components.

There are no pathognomonic signs of a renal sarcoma, and frequently, imaging studies allow no differentiation from other primary epithelial renal parenchymal tumors.

Some signs can suggest the preoperative diagnosis, such as a mass arising from the renal sinus or capsule and the absence of extension of the mass beyond its pseudocapsule. Some subtypes have specific characteristics. Histopathologic analysis is usually essential for the final diagnosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Annelies Rappaport & Raymond H. Oyen

Authors
  1. Annelies Rappaport
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  2. Raymond H. Oyen
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Correspondence to Annelies Rappaport .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ospedale di Cattinara, Ist. Radiologia, Università Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, 34149, Italy

    Emilio Quaia

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Rappaport, A., Oyen, R.H. (2010). Renal Lymphoma and Renal Sarcoma. In: Quaia, E. (eds) Radiological Imaging of the Kidney. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87597-0_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87597-0_25

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