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Contrast Media for MRI of the Gastrointestinal Tract

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MRI of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

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Key Points

MR contrast media catalytically improve the inherent image contrast between normal and pathologic tissues. This is achieved by mechanisms that increase the relaxation rates of water protons in areas where these agents are distributed. The first generations of systemic, intravenous contrast media are unspecific in action owing to their distribution in the extracellular compartments. The newer agents are more specific and are limited to anatomic target tissues. But in the future, contrast media are expected to act on processes even at the cellular level. Gastrointestinal MR agents have two main purposes: to improve the signals and contrast resolution between the bowel lumen and wall and to distend the gut. Water or watery solutions are the media most frequently used in this concept owing to the favorable signal characteristics, excellent distribution, and good tolerance. But to avoid absorption of water and the subsequent “collapse” of the gut, nonabsorbable particles need to be dissolved in the solution. By increasing the osmolarity, the distension of the intestine increases linearly as a consequence of the dose—response relationship that exists between these two parameters. The oral application of contrast is usually preferred for most of the gastrointestinal MR examinations except for the imaging of the large bowel, although the best degree of small bowel distension is obtained with enteroclysis.

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  1. Diagnostic Imaging Center, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway

    Arne S. Borthne

  2. Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA

    Claude Pierre-Jerome

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  1. Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands

    J. Stoker (Professor of Radiology) (Professor of Radiology)

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Borthne, A.S., Pierre-Jerome, C. (2010). Contrast Media for MRI of the Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Stoker, J. (eds) MRI of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85532-3_3

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