Abstract
Spinal vascular malformations are rare and often misdiagnosed entities. They comprise congenital cavernomas, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and presumably acquired dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). AVMs include perimedullary fistulas, glomerular AVMs, and juvenile AVMs (Table 4.4.1). The intradural AVMs are supplied by spinal cordsupplying arteries, whereas the dural malformations are supplied by meningeal arteries as branches of the radicular artery (Fig. 4.4.1). Eighty percent of all spinal AVMs are dural fistulas with an incidence of 5–10/million/year. Dural AVFs first become symptomatic in later adult life, whereas medullary AVMs affect young adults.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Suggested Reading
Afshar JK, Doppman JL, Oldfield EH (1995) Surgical interruption of intradural draining vein as curative treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg 82:196–200
Anson JA, Spetzler RF (1993) Surgical resection of intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg 78:446–451
Barnwell SL, Halbach VV, Higashida RT, Hieshima G, Wilson CB (1989) Complex dural arteriovenous fistulas. Results of combined endovascular and neurosurgical treatment in 16 patients. J Neurosurg 71:352–358
Behrens S, Thron A (1999) Long-term follow-up and outcome in patients treated for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. J Neurol 246:181–185
Biondi A, Merland JJ, Hodes JE, Pruvo JP, Reizine D (1992) Aneurysms of spinal arteries associated with intramedullary arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 13:913–922
Cheshire DJE (1970) A classification of the functional end-results of injury to the cervical cord. Paraplegia 8:70–73
Hassler W, Thron A, Grote EH (1989) Hemodynamics of spinal arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg 70:360–370
Koenig E, Thron A, Schrader V, Dichgans J (1989) Spinal arteriovenous malformations and fistulae: clinical, neuroradiological and neurophysiological findings. J Neurol 236:260–266
Krings T, Mull M, Gilsbach JM, Thron A (2005) Spinal vascular malformations. Eur Radiol 15:267–278
Mascalchi M, Cosottini M, Ferrito G, Quilici N, Bartolozzi C, Villari N (1999) Contrast-enhanced time-resolved MR angiography of spinal vascular malformations. J Comput Assist Tomogr 23:341–345
Meisel HJ, Lasjaunias P, Brock M (1995) Modern management of spinal and spinal cord vascular lesions. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 38:138–145
Mironov A (1994) Pathogenetical consideration of spontaneous dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). Acta Neurochir 131:45–58
Mironov A (1995) Classification of spontaneous dural arteriovenous fistulas with regard to pathogenesis. Acta Radiol 36:582–592
Niimi Y, Berenstein A, Setton A (1997) Embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and follow-up. Neurosurgery 40:675–683
Rosenblum B, Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Di Chiro G (1987) Spinal arteriovenous malformations: a comparison of dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural AVMs in 81 patients. J Neurosurg 67:795–802
Schick U, Hassler W (2003) Treatment and outcome of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Eur Spine J 12:350–355
Schrader V, Koenig E, Thron A, Dichgans J (1989) Neurophysiological characteristics of spinal arteriovenous malformations. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 29:169–177
Song JK, Vinuela F, Gobin P, Duckwiler GR, Murayama Y, Kureshi I, Frazee JG, Martin NA (2001) Surgical and endovascular treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term disability assessment and prognostic factors. J Neurosurg (Spine 2) 94:199–204
Spetzler RF, Detwiler PW, Runa HA, Porter RW (2002) Modified classification of spinal cord vascular lesions. J Neurosurg (Spine 2) 96:145–156
Steinmetz MP, Chow MM, Andrews-Hinders D, Benzel EC, Masaryk TJ, Mayberg MR, Rasmussen PA (2004) Outcome after the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: a contemporary single-institution series and meta-analysis. Neurosurg 55:77–88
Tacconi L, Lopez Izquierdo BC, Symon L (1997) Outcome and prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Br J Neurosurg 11:298–305
Terwey B, Becker H, Thron AK, Vahldiek G (1989) Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MR imaging of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Comput Assist Tomogr 13:30–37
Thron A (2001) Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Radiologe 41:955–960
Van Dijk JMC, TerBrugge KG, Willinsky RA, Farb RI, Wallace MC (2002) Stroke 33:1578–1583
Westphal M, Koch C (1999) Management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae using an interdisciplinary neuroradiological/neurosurgical approach: experience with 47 cases. Neurosurgery 45:451–458
Willinsky RA, TerBrugge K, Montanera W (1995) Posttreatment MR findings in spinal dural arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:2063–2071
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schick, U., Hassler, WE. (2010). Spinal Vascular Diseases. In: Lumenta, C., Di Rocco, C., Haase, J., Mooij, J. (eds) Neurosurgery. European Manual of Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79565-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79565-0_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-79564-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-79565-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)