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Masking and Manipulation

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Doping in Sports: Biochemical Principles, Effects and Analysis

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 195))

Abstract

The list of prohibited substances in sports includes a group of masking agents that are forbidden in both in- and out-of-competition doping tests. This group consists of a series of compounds that are misused in sports to mask the administration of other doping agents, and includes: diuretics, used to reduce the concentration in urine of other doping agents either by increasing the urine volume or by reducing the excretion of basic doping agents by increasing the urinary pH; probenecid, used to reduce the concentration in urine of acidic compounds, such as glucuronoconjugates of some doping agents; 5α-reductase inhibitors, used to reduce the formation of 5α-reduced metabolites of anabolic androgenic steroids; plasma expanders, used to maintain the plasma volume after misuse of erythropoietin or red blood cells concentrates; and epitestosterone, used to mask the detection of the administration of testosterone. Diuretics may be also misused to achieve acute weight loss before competition in sports with weight categories. In this chapter, pharmacological modes of action, intended pharmacological effects for doping purposes, main routes of biotransformation and analytical procedures used for anti-doping controls to screen and confirm these substances will be reviewed and discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to financing received from the Spanish (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia; Consejo Superior de Deportes) and Catalan (Departament d’Universitats, Recerca i Societat de l’Informació; Consell Catalá de l’Esport) authorities for supporting the preparation of the present review. The scientific contribution from other staff members of the Research Group of Bioanalysis and Analytical Services at IMIM-Hospital del Mar is also deeply acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Av. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    Jordi Segura

Authors
  1. Rosa Ventura
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  2. Jordi Segura
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Correspondence to Jordi Segura .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sportbiochemie Dresden, Institut für Dopinganalytik und, Dresdner Straße 12, Kreischa, 01731, Germany

    Detlef Thieme

  2. Gamle Trondheimsvei 39, Hagan, 1481, Norway

    Peter Hemmersbach

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Ventura, R., Segura, J. (2010). Masking and Manipulation. In: Thieme, D., Hemmersbach, P. (eds) Doping in Sports: Biochemical Principles, Effects and Analysis. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 195. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_15

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