Overview
In this chapter we summarize mainly properties of the temporal structure of all shower particles combined, as recorded by conventional surface array detectors. The data that are presented here are a selection from different experiments that are operated at atmospheric depths ranging from sea level to the altitude of Mt. Chacaltaya (5,230 m), and from simulations that are representative for the various observation levels. The temporal distributions and properties of the individual shower components such as hadrons, muons, photons and electrons as well as optical (Cherenkov and fluorescence) and radio emission, are discussed separately in Chaps. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, where a wealth of data is presented.
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Notes
- 1.
Geomagnetic and other effects, including fluctuations in shower development can disturb this symmetry.
- 2.
- 3.
The properties of optical atmospheric Cherenkov photons in air showers are discussed in Chap. 16.
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Grieder, P.K. (2010). Temporal Structure of Showers and Front Curvature. In: Extensive Air Showers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76941-5_9
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