Abstract
The Diagnosis contains an exhaustive alphabetical list of virtually every dermatologic diagnosis. An effort was made to include only the diagnoses that have been reported or discussed in the literature in the past two decades. Under each heading, the reader can find a list of subtypes (if any), the differential diagnosis of the disease and any subtypes, published diagnostic criteria, associations of the disease, associated medications (if any), and recommended initial evaluatory tests. When searching this text for the diagnosis in question, it is recommended that the reader search for the most unique term in the name and not descriptive adjectives, such as neutrophilic or superficial, or common words such as dermatitis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Betti R, Inselvini E, Pozzi G et al. (1994) Bilateral spectacle frame acanthoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 19(6):503–504
Sinha S, Schwartz RA (2007) Juvenile acanthosis nigricans. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(3):502–508
Robertson A, Liddington MI, Kay SP (2002) Paroxysmal finger haematomas (Achenbach’s syndrome) with angiographic abnormalities. J Hand Surg [Br] 27(4):391–393
Veysey EC, George S (2005) Actinic folliculitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 30(6):659–661
Shirakawa M, Uramoto K, Harada FA (2006) Treatment of acne conglobata with infliximab. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(2):344–346
Mehrany K, Kist JM, Weenig RH et al. (2005) Acne fulminans. Int J Dermatol 44(2):132–133
Mann MW, Ellis SS, Mallory SB (2007) Infantile acne as the initial sign of an adrenocortical tumor. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(2 Suppl):S15–S18
Kelly AP (2003) Pseudofolliculitis barbae and acne keloidalis nuchae. Dermatol Clin 21(4):645–653
Zirn JR, Scott RA, Hambrick GW (1996) Chronic acneiform eruption with crateriform scars. Acne necrotica (varioliformis) (necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis). Arch Dermatol 132(11):1367, 1370
Ayhan M, Sancak B, Karaduman A et al. (2007) Colonization of neonate skin by Malassezia species: Relationship with neonatal cephalic pustulosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(6):1012–1018
Gebauer K (2000) Acne variants. Am J Clin Dermatol 1(3):187–189
Rongioletti F, Rebora A (2003) Cutaneous reactive angiomatoses: patterns and classification of reactive vascular proliferation. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(5):887–896
Chiritescu E, Maloney ME (2001) Acrochordons as a presenting sign of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 44(5):789–794
Rasi A, Soltani-Arabshahi R, Shahbazi N (2001) Skin tag as a cutaneous marker for impaired carbohydrate metabolism: a case-control study. Int J Dermatol 46(11):1155–1159
Strumia R (2005) Dermatologic signs in patients with eating disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol 6(3):165–173
Zalaudek I, Leinweber B, Kerl H et al. (2005) Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans in a 15-year-old girl misdiagnosed as venous insufficiency for 6 years. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(6):1091–1094
Waller JM, Wu JJ, Murase JE et al. (2007) Chronically painful right thumb with pustules and onycholysis. diagnosis: acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(5):619–620
Maverakis E, Fung MA, Lynch PJ et al. (2007) Acrodermatitis enteropathica and an overview of zinc metabolism. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(1):116–124
Boyd AS, Seger D, Vannucci S et al. (2000) Mercury exposure and cutaneous disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 43(1 Pt 1):81–90
Hu W, Cook TF, Vicki GJ et al. (2002) Acrokeratoelastoidosis. Pediatr Dermatol 19(4):320–322
Taher M, Grewal P, Gunn B et al. (2007) Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex syndrome) presenting in a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma: possible etiologic role of zinc. J Cutan Med Surg 11(2):78–83
Rallis E, Economidi A, Papadakis P et al. (2005) Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (Hopf disease): case report and review of the literature. Dermatol Online J 11(2):10
Ashton GH (2004) Kindler syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 29(2):116–121
Obieta MP (2006) Familial reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi: a case report. Dermatol Online J 12(3):16
Mancini AJ, Frieden IJ, Paller AS (1998) Infantile acropustulosis revisited: history of scabies and response to topical corticosteroids. Pediatr Dermatol 15(5):337–341
Scheinfeld NS (2007) Actinic keratoses. Skinmed 6(4):188–190
Hojyo-Tomoka MT, Vega-Memije ME, Cortes-Franco R et al. (2003) Diagnosis and treatment of actinic prurigo. Dermatol Ther 16(1):40–44
Fazeli MS, Bateni H (2005) Actinomycosis: a rare soft tissue infection. Dermatol Online J 11(3):18
Knowles SR, Shear NH (2007) Recognition and management of severe cutaneous drug reactions. Dermatol Clin 25(2):245–253
Smitt JH, Vermeer MH, Faber WR (2002) Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI). Clin Dermatol 20(1):2–3
Buchanan JA, Cedro M, Mirdin A et al. (2006) Necrotizing stomatitis in the developed world. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(3):372–374
Rajabian MH, Aghaei S (2006) Adams–Oliver syndrome and isolated aplasia cutis congenita in two siblings. Dermatol Online J 12(6):17
Yamaguchi T, Ohshima K, Karube K et al. (2005) Clinicopathological features of cutaneous lesions of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 152(1):76–81
Olivieri I, Piccirillo A, Scarano E, Ricciuti F, Padula A, Molfese V (2005) Dactylolysis spontanea or ainhum involving the big toe. J Rheumatol 32(12):2437–2439
Shamsadini S, Meshkat MR, Mozzafarinia K (1994) Bilateral retinal detachment in Alezzandrini’s syndrome. Int J Dermatol 33(12):885–886
Spenny ML, Suwannarat P, Gahl WA et al. (2005) Blue pigmentation and arthritis in an elderly man. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(1):122–124
Dudda-Subramanya R, Alexis AF, Siu K, Sinha AA (2007) Alopecia areata: genetic complexity underlies clinical heterogeneity. Eur J Dermatol 17(5):367–374
Walling H, Geraminejad P (2005) Determine alpha-1 antitrypsin level and phenotype in patients with neutrophilic panniculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(2):373–374
Pigatto PD, Brambilla L, Guzzi G (2006) Amalgam tattoo: a close-up view. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(10):1352–1353
Kenner BM, Rosen T (2006) Cutaneous amebiasis in a child and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 23(3):231–234
Boms S, Gambichler T (2006) Review of literature on amicrobial pustulosis of the folds associated with autoimmune disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol 7(6):369–374
Salim T, Shenoi SD, Balachandran C, Mehta VR (2005) Lichen amyloidosus: a study of clinical, histopathologic and immunofluorescence findings in 30 cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 71(3):166–169
Kalajian AH, Waldman M, Knable AL (2007) Nodular primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis after trauma: a case report and discussion of the rate of progression to systemic amyloidosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(2 Suppl):S26–S29
Gul U, Soylu S, Kilic A et al. (2007) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance diagnosed by cutaneous manifestations of AL amyloidosis. Eur J Dermatol 17(3):255–256
Lachmann HJ, Goodman HJ, Gilbertson JA et al. (2007) Natural history and outcome in systemic AA amyloidosis. N Engl J Med 356(23):2361–2371
Tosti A, Pazzaglia M (2007) Drug reactions affecting hair: diagnosis. Dermatol Clin 25(2):223–231
Sehgal VN, Aggarwal AK, Srivastava G, Rajput P (2006) Male pattern androgenetic alopecia. Skinmed 5(3):128–135
De Souza EM, Daldon PE, Cintra ML (2007) Anetoderma associated with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(5):881–882
Kaplan A et al. (2005) Angioedema. J Am Acad Dermatol 53:373–388
Trauner MA, Ruben BS, Lynch PJ (2003) Segmental tuberous sclerosis presenting as unilateral facial angiofibromas. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(2 Suppl Case Reports):S164–S166
Martel P, Laroche L, Courville P et al. (2000) Cutaneous involvement in patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia: a clinical, immunohistological, and molecular analysis. Arch Dermatol 136(7):881–886
Mittal R, Aggarwal A, Srivastava G (2005) Angiokeratoma circumscriptum: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 44(12):1031–1034
Chong WS, Thomas A, Goh CL (2006) Kimura’s disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: two disease entities in the same patient: case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 45(2):139–145
Sandhu K, Gupta S (2005) Angioma serpiginosum: report of two unusual cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(1):127–128
Mendenhall WM, Mendenhall CM, Werning JW et al. (2006) Cutaneous angiosarcoma. Am J Clin Oncol 29(5):524–528
Stein JA, Fangman B, Strober B (2007) Actinic granuloma. Dermatol Online J 13(1):19
Wong LC, Kakakios A, Rogers M (2002) Congenital annular erythema persisting in a 15-year-old girl. Australas J Dermatol 43(1):55–61
Annessi G, Paradisi M, Angelo C et al. (2003) Annular lichenoid dermatitis of youth. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(6):1029–1036
Hart CA, Beeching NJ (2002) A spotlight on anthrax. Clin Dermatol 20(4):365–375
Wilson WA, Gharavi AE, Koike T et al. (1999) International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop. Arthritis Rheum 42(7):1309–1311
Kim Y, Dawes-Higgs E, Mann S, Cook DK (2005) Acral cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia angiokeratoma of children (APACHE). Australas J Dermatol 46(3):177–180
Letsinger JA, McCarty MA, Jorizzo JL (2005) Complex aphthosis: a large case series with evaluation algorithm and therapeutic ladder from topicals to thalidomide. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(3 Pt 1):500–508
Frieden IJ (1986) Aplasia cutis congenita: a clinical review and proposal for classification. J Am Acad Dermatol 14(4): 646–660
White JM, Powell AM, Brady K, Russell-Jones R (2003) Severe generalized argyria secondary to ingestion of colloidal silver protein. Clin Exp Dermatol 28(3):254–256
Yerebakan O, Ermis O, Yilmaz E, Basaran E (2002) Treatment of arsenical keratosis and Bowen’s disease with acitretin. Int J Dermatol 41(2):84–87
Terhune MH, Stibbe J, Siegle RJ (1999) Nodule on the cheek of an 81-year-old woman. Persistent arthropod-bite reaction (cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphoma). Arch Dermatol 135(12):1543–1544, 1546–1547
Mays SR, Bogle MA, Bodey GP (2006) Cutaneous fungal infections in the oncology patient: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 7(1):31–43
Norman RA (2003) Xerosis and pruritus in the elderly: recognition and management. Dermatol Ther 16(3):254–259
Krol A, Krafchik B (2006) The differential diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in childhood. Dermatol Ther 19(2):73–82
Bergman R, Schein-Goldshmid R, Hochberg Z et al. (2005) The alopecias associated with vitamin D-dependent rickets type IIA and with hairless gene mutations: a comparative clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical study. Arch Dermatol 141(3):343–351
Zlotogorski A, Panteleyev AA, Aita VM, Christiano AM (2002) Clinical and molecular diagnostic criteria of congenital atrichia with papular lesions. J Invest Dermatol 118(5):887–890
Amano H, Nagai Y, Ishikawa O (2007) Multiple morphea coexistent with atrophoderma of Pasini–Pierini (APP): APP could be abortive morphea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(9):1254–1256
Van Steensel MA, Jaspers NG, Steijlen PM (2001) A case of Rombo syndrome. Br J Dermatol 144(6):1215–1218
Williams J, Cahill J, Nixon R (2007) Occupational autoeczematization or atopic eczema precipitated by occupational contact dermatitis? Contact Dermatitis 56(1):21–26
Hausermann P, Harr T, Bircher AJ (2004) Baboon syndrome resulting from systemic drugs: Is there strife between SDRIFE and allergic contact dermatitis syndrome? Contact Dermatitis 51(5–6):297–310
Rigopoulos D, Paparizos V, Katsambas A (2004) Cutaneous markers of HIV infection. Clin Dermatol 22(6):487–498
Kiss A, Kiraly L, Kutasy B, Merksz M (2005) High incidence of balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys with phimosis: prospective 10-year study. Pediatr Dermatol 22(4):305–308
Erkek E et al. (2005) Clinical and histopathological findings of Bannayan–Riley–Rivulcaba syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 53:639–643
Chian CA, Arrese JE, Pierard GE (2002) Skin manifestations of Bartonella infections. Int J Dermatol 41(8):461–466
Hutcheson A et al. (2005) Basal cell carcinomas with unusual histologic patterns. J Am Acad Dermatol 53:833–837
Lee PL, Lourduraj LT, Palko MJ III et al. (2006) Hereditary basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome. Cutis 78(1):42–46
Torrelo A, Sprecher E, Mediero IG, Bergman R et al. (2006) What syndrome is this? Bazex–Dupre–Christol syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 23(3):286–290
Danarti R, Konig A, Salhi A et al. (2004) Becker’s nevus syndrome revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol 51(6):965–969
Millington GW (2006) Genomic imprinting and dermatological disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(5):681–688
Alpsoy E, Donmez L, Onder M et al. (2007) Clinical features and natural course of Behçet’s disease in 661 cases: a multicentre study. Br J Dermatol 157(5):901–906
Antal GM, Lukehart SA, Meheus AZ (2002) The endemic treponematoses. Microbes Infect 4(1):83–94
Wang L, Sterling B, Don P (2002) Berloque dermatitis induced by “Florida water”. Cutis 70(1):29–30
Arbuckle HA, Morelli J (2006) Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency presenting as ichthyosis. Pediatr Dermatol 23(2):142–144
Welsch MJ, Krunic A, Medenica MM (2005) Birt–Hogg–Dube syndrome. Int J Dermatol 44(8):668–673
Lupi O, Tyring SK, McGinnis MR (2005) Tropical dermatology: fungal tropical diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(6):931–951
Sawalka SS, Phiske MM, Jerajani HR (2007) Blastomycosis-like pyoderma. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 73(2):117–119
Schaffer JV, Chandra P, Keegan BR et al. (2007) Widespread granulomatous dermatitis of infancy: an early sign of Blau syndrome. Arch Dermatol 143(3):386–391
Scheinfeld NS (2007) Is Blistering distal dactylitis a variant of Bullous impetigo? Clin Exp Dermatol 32(3):314–316
Sahn EE, Hussey RH III, Christmann LM (1997) A case of Bloom syndrome with conjunctival telangiectasia. Pediatr Dermatol 14(2):120–124
Bogart MM, Bivens MM, Patterson JW, Russell MA (2007) Blue nevi: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis 80(1):42–44
Shaffer MP, Walling HW, Stone MS (2005) Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as blueberry muffin baby. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(2 Suppl 1):S143–S146
Lu R, Krathen RA, Sanchez RL et al. (2005) Multiple glomangiomas: potential ?for confusion with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(4):731–732
Mullegger RR (2004) Dermatological manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Eur J Dermatol 14(5):296–309
Machado CR, Schubach AO, Conceicao-Silva F et al. (2005) Botryomycosis. Dermatology 211(3):303–304
Kawakami A, Saga K, Hida T et al. (2006) Fulminant bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis syndrome that clinically showed necrotizing fasciitis-like severe skin and systemic manifestations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(6):751–753
Cox NH, Eedy DJ, Morton CA (2007) Therapy Guidelines and Audit Subcommittee, British Association of Dermatologists. Guidelines for management of Bowen’s disease: 2006 update. Br J Dermatol 156(1):11–21
Papadopoulos AJ, Schwartz RA, Lefkowitz A et al. (2002) Extragenital bowenoid papulosis associated with atypical human papillomavirus genotypes. J Cutan Med Surg 6(2):117–121
Barry R, Rogers S (2004) Brachioradial pruritus: an enigmatic entity. Clin Exp Dermatol 29(6):637–638
Ustundag E, Iseri M, Keskin G et al. (2005) Cervical bronchogenic cysts in head and neck region. J Laryngol Otol 119(6):419–423
Dyachenko P, Ziv M, Rozenman D (2006) Epidemiological and clinical manifestations of patients hospitalized with brown recluse spider bite. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(9):1121–1125
Metin A, Akdeniz H, Buzgan T, Delice I (2001) Cutaneous findings encountered in brucellosis and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 40(7):434–438
Aye M, Masson EA (2002) Dermatological care of the diabetic foot. Am J Clin Dermatol 3(7):463–474
Savage NW, Boras VV, Barker K (2006) Burning mouth syndrome: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Australas J Dermatol 47(2):77–81
Wansbrough-Jones M, Phillips R (2006) Buruli ulcer: emerging from obscurity. Lancet 367(9525):1849–1858
Assmann A, Mandt N, Geilen CC, Blume-Peytavi U (2001) Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome: differential diagnosis of disseminated connective tissue lesions. Eur J Dermatol 11(6):576–579
Landau M, Krafchik BR (1999) The diagnostic value of café-au-lait macules. J Am Acad Dermatol 40(6 Pt 1):877–890
Becuwe C, Roth B, Villedieu MH et al. (2004) Milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis. Pediatr Dermatol 21(4):483–485
Guldbakke KK, Khachemoune A (2007) Calciphylaxis. Int J Dermatol 46(3):231–238
Parker WL, Beckenbaugh RR, Amrami KK (2006) Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma of the hand: radiologic differentiation from giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath. J Hand Surg [Am] 31(6):1024–1028
Aly R (2001) Producing experimental lesions of cutaneous candidiasis. Cutis 67(5 Suppl):24
Collins SM, Dominguez M, Ilmarinen T et al. (2006) Dermatological manifestations of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy syndrome. Br J Dermatol 154(6):1088–1093
Dhir V, Arya V, Malav IC et al. (2007) Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS): case report and systematic review of cases reported in the last 16 years. Intern Med 46(12):899–904
Fardet L, Kerob D, Rybojad M et al. (2004) Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome: cutaneous involvement can be misleading. Dermatology 209(4):291–295
Bell HK, Poston GJ, Vora J, Wilson NJ (2005) Cutaneous manifestations of the malignant carcinoid syndrome. Br J Dermatol 152(1):71–75
Nanda S, Rajpal M, Reddy BS (2004) Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome: report of a case with a review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 43(6):447–450
Hachisuka J, Ichikawa M, Moroi Y et al. (2006) A case of Carney complex. Int J Dermatol 45(12):1406–1407
Tung EE, Drage LA, Ghosh AK (2006) Carotenoderma and hypercarotenemia: markers for disordered eating habits. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(9):1147–1148
Miller JJ, Anderson BE, Ioffreda MD et al. (2006) Hair casts and cutaneous spicules in multiple myeloma. Arch Dermatol 142(12):1665–1666
Mehmi M, Lim SP, Tan CY (2007) An unusual cutaneous presentation of cat-scratch disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(2):219–220
Falagas ME, Vergidis PI (2005) Narrative review: diseases that masquerade as infectious cellulitis. Ann Intern Med 142(1):47–55
Torok L (2004) Uncommon manifestations of erysipelas. Clin Dermatol 23(5):515–518
Ross EK, Tan E, Shapiro J (2005) Update on primary cicatricial alopecias. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(1):1–37
Ozdal PC, Codere F, Callejo S et al. (2004) Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of chalazion. Eye 18(2):135–138
Sehgal VN, Srivastava G (2003) Chancroid: contemporary appraisal. Int J Dermatol 42(3):182–190
Maari CH, Eichenfield LF (2007) Congenital generalized hypomelanosis and immunodeficiency in a black child. Pediatr Dermatol 24(2):182–185
Markopoulos A, Albanidou-Farmaki E, Kayavis I (2004) Actinic cheilitis: clinical and pathologic characteristics in 65 cases. Oral Dis 10(4):212–216
Torgerson RR, Davis MD, Bruce AJ et al. (2007) Contact allergy in oral disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(2):315–321
Terai H, Shimahara M (2006) Cheilitis as a variation of Candida associated lesions. Oral Dis 12(3):349–352
Carrington PR, horn TD (2006) Cheilitis glandularis: a clinical marker for both malignancy and/or severe inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. J Am Acad Dermatol 54(2):336–337
Van der Waal RI, Schulten EA, van der Meij EH et al. (2002) Cheilitis granulomatosa: overview of 13 patients with long-term follow-up: results of management. Int J Dermatol 41(4):225–229
Cetkovska P, Pizinger K, Cetkovsky P (2002) High-dose cytosine arabinoside-induced cutaneous reactions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 16(5):481–485
Motegi S, Tamura A, Takeuchi Y, Ishikawa O (2004) Senile angioma-like eruption: a skin manifestation of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. Dermatology 209(2):135–137
Swerdlin A, Berkowitz C, Craft N (2007) Cutaneous signs of child abuse. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(3):371–392
Kaminska-Winciorek G, Brzezinska-Wcislo L, Jezela-Stanek A et al. (2007) CHILD syndrome: clinical picture and diagnostic procedures. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(5):715–716
Rosas Vazquez E, Campos Macias P, Ochoa Tirado JG et al. (1996) Chloracne in the 1990s. Int J Dermatol 35(9):643–645
Jucgla A, Moreso F, Muniesa C et al. (2006) Cholesterol embolism: still an unrecognized entity with a high mortality rate. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(5):786–793
Magro CM, Frambach GE, Crowson AN (2005) Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis as a marker of internal disease [corrected] associated with microvascular injury. J Cutan Pathol 32(5):329–333
Lopez Martinez R, Mendez Tovar LJ (2007) Chromoblastomycosis. Clin Dermatol 25(2):188–194
Hawk JL (2004) Chronic actinic dermatitis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 20(6):312–314
Lim HW et al. (1994) Chronic actinic dermatitis: an analysis of 51 patients evaluated in the United States and Japan. Arch Dermatol 130:1284
Luis-Montoya P, Saez-de Ocariz Mdel M, Vega-Memije ME (2005) Chronic granulomatous disease: two members of a single family with different dermatologic manifestations. Skinmed 4(5):320–322
Geist DE, Phillips TJ (2006) Development of chrysiasis after Q-switched ruby laser treatment of solar lentigines. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(2 Suppl):S59–S60
Chong SJ, Kim SY, Kim HS et al. (2007) Cutaneous ciliated cyst in a 16-year-old girl. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(1):159–160
Pavicic T, Korting HC (2006) Xerosis and callus formation as a key to the diabetic foot syndrome: dermatologic view of the problem and its management. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 4(11):935–941
Zedek DC, Langel DJ, White WL (2007) Clear-cell acanthoma versus acanthosis: a psoriasiform reaction pattern lacking tricholemmal differentiation. Am J Dermatopathol 29(4):378–384
Malchau SS, Hayden J, Hornicek F, Mankin HJ (2007) Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues. J Surg Oncol 95(6):519–522
Clinton TS, Cooke LM, Graham BS (2003) Cobb syndrome associated with a verrucous (angiokeratoma-like) vascular malformation. Cutis 71(4):283–287
Dicaudo DJ (2006) Coccidioidomycosis: a review and update. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(6):929–942
Kraemer KH, Patronas NJ, Schiffmann R et al. (2007) Xeroderma pigmentosum, trichothiodystrophy and Cockayne syndrome: a complex genotype–phenotype relationship. Neuroscience 145(4):1388–1396
Ryder HF, Antaya RJ (2005) Nevus anelasticus, papular elastorrhexis, and eruptive collagenoma: clinically similar entities with focal absence of elastic fibers in childhood. Pediatr Dermatol 22(2):153–157
Pourrabbani S, Marra DE, Iwasaki J et al. (2007) Colloid milium: a review and update. J Drugs Dermatol 6(3):293–296
Kakurai M, Umemoto N, Yokokura H et al. (2006) Unusual clinical features of coma blister mimicking contact dermatitis in rhabdomyolysis: report of a case. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(6):761–763
Mitra A, Pollock B, Gooi J et al. (2005) Cutaneous granulomas associated with primary immunodeficiency disorders. Br J Dermatol 153(1):194–199
Brodell LA, Mercurio MG, Brodell RT (2007) The diagnosis and treatment of human papillomavirus-mediated genital lesions. Cutis 79(4 Suppl):5–10
Davis MD, Weenig RH, Camilleri MJ (2006) Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis (Gougerot–Carteaud syndrome): a minocycline-responsive dermatosis without evidence for yeast in pathogenesis. A study of 39 patients and a proposal of diagnostic criteria. Br J Dermatol 154(2):287–293
Lacz NL, Schwartz RA, Kihiczak G (2005) Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis: a keratin 1 or 10 mutational event. Int J Dermatol 44(1):1–6
Akiyama M, Sawamura D, Shimizu H (2003) The clinical spectrum of nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and lamellar ichthyosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 28(3):235–240
Kapur P, Erickson C, Rakheja D et al. (2007) Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis (Hashimoto–Pritzker disease): ten-year experience at Dallas Children’s Medical Center. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(2):290–294
Foo CC, Kumarasinghe SP (2005) Juvenile elastoma: A forme fruste of the Buschke–OllendOrff syndrome? Australas J Dermatol 46(4):250–252
Rietschel RL (2004) Clues to an accurate diagnosis of contact dermatitis. Dermatol Ther 17(3):224–230
Kovich O, Cohen D (2004) Cowden’s syndrome. Dermatol Online J 10(3):3
Eng C (2000) Will the real Cowden syndrome please stand up: revised diagnostic criteria. J Med Genet 37(11):828–830
Chung L, Lin J, Furst DE, Fiorentino D (2006) Systemic and localized scleroderma. Clin Dermatol 24(5):374–392
Ruocco E, Cuomo A, Salerno R et al. (2007) Crohn’s disease and its mucocutaneous involvement. Skinmed 6(4):179–185
Bruce A, Ng CS, Wolfsen HC et al. (1999) Cutaneous clues to Cronkhite–Canada syndrome: a case report. Arch Dermatol 135(2):212
Lafleur L, Beaty S, Colome-Grimmer MI et al. (2004) Cryptococcal cellulitis in a patient on prednisone monotherapy for myasthenia gravis. Cutis 74(3):165–170
Heughan CE, Kanigsberg N (2007) Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and neonatal lupus. Pediatr Dermatol 24(3):320
Larsen F, Birchall N (2007) Cutis verticis gyrata: three cases with different aetiologies that demonstrate the classification system. Australas J Dermatol 48(2):91–94
Retamar RA, Stengel F, Saadi ME et al. (2007) Brooke–Spiegler syndrome – report of four families: treatment with CO2 laser. Int J Dermatol 46(6):583–586
Uthida-Tanaka AM, Sampaio MC, Velho PE et al. (2004) Subcutaneous and cerebral cysticercosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 50(2 Suppl):S14–S17
Secmeer G, Sakalli H, Gok F et al. (2004) Fatal cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. Pediatr Dermatol 21(3):246–249
Schwartz RA, Dabski C, Dabska M (2000) The Dabska tumor: a thirty-year retrospect. Dermatology 201(1):1–5
Sehgal VN, Srivastava G (2005) Darier’s (Darier–White) disease/keratosis follicularis. Int J Dermatol 44(3):184–192
Parish LC, Lowthian P, Witkowski JA (2007) The decubitus ulcer: many questions but few definitive answers. Clin Dermatol 25(1):101–108
Koo J, Lee CS (2001) Delusions of parasitosis. A dermatologist’s guide to diagnosis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2(5):285–290
Forton F et al. (2005) Demodicosis and rosacea: epidemiology and significance in daily dermatologic practice. J Am Acad Dermatol 52:87
Thomas EA, John M, Bhatia A (2007) Cutaneous manifestations of dengue viral infection in Punjab (north India). Int J Dermatol 46(7):715–719
Cantatore JL, Klein PA, Lieblich LM (2002) Cutaneous dental sinus tract, a common misdiagnosis: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis 70(5):264–267
Brodovsky S, Westreich M, Leibowitz A, Schwartz Y (1994) Adiposis dolorosa (Dercum’s disease): 10-year follow-up. Ann Plast Surg 33(6):664–668
Wortham NC, Tomlinson IP (2005) Dercum’s disease. Skinmed 4(3):157–162
Rodriguez-Jurado R, Palacios C, Duran-Mckinster C et al. (2004) Medallion-like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma: a new clinically and histopathologically distinct lesion. J Am Acad Dermatol 51(3):359–363
Kwon EJ, Dans M, Koblenzer CS et al. (2006) Dermatitis artefacta. J Cutan Med Surg 10(2):108–113
Alonso-Llamazares J, Gibson LE, Rogers RS III (2007) Clinical, pathologic, and immunopathologic features of Dermatitis herpetiformis: review of the Mayo Clinic experience. Int J Dermatol 46(9):910–919
Chan I, Robson A, Mellerio JE (2005) Multiple dermatofibromas associated with lupus profundus. Clin Exp Dermatol 30(2):128–130
Monnier D, Vidal C, Martin L et al. (2006) Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a population-based cancer registry descriptive study of 66 consecutive cases diagnosed between 1982 and 2002. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(10):1237–1242
Taskapan O, Harmanyeri Y (2006) Evaluation of patients with symptomatic dermographism. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(1):58–62
Gilaberte Y, Coscojuela C, Doste D et al. (2005) Dermatomyofibroma in a male child. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(2):257–259
Bohan A, Peter JB (1975) Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. N Engl J Med 292(Part l):344–347
Schwartzberg JB, Ricotti CA Jr, Ballard CJ, Nouri K (2007) Eruptive dermatosis papulosa nigra as a possible sign of internal malignancy. Int J Dermatol 46(2):186–187
Golden BA, Zide MF (2005) Cutaneous cysts of the head and neck. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63(11):1613–1619
Owens CL, Sharma R, Ali SZ (2007) Deep fibromatosis (desmoid tumor): cytopathologic characteristics, clinicoradiologic features, and immunohistochemical findings on fine-needle aspiration. cancer 111(3):166–172
Ahmed I, Goldstein B (2006) Diabetes mellitus. Clin Dermatol 24(4):237–246
Connolly M, de Berker DA (2006) Multiple myxoid cysts secondary to occupation. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(3):404–406
Mittal RR, Sethi PS, Jha A (2002) Dilated pore of Winer. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 68(4):239–240
Wagner J, Ignatius R, Voss S et al. (2001) Infection of the skin caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans and mimicking classical cutaneous diphtheria. Clin Infect Dis 33(9):1598–1600
Salim A, David J, Holder J (2003) Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp with associated spondylarthropathy: case report and review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17(6):689–691
Aroni K, Grapsa A, Agapitos E (2004) Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis: response to isotretinoin. J Drugs Dermatol 3(4):434–435
Wu YH, Lin YC (2007) Generalized Dowling–Degos disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(2):327–334
Wolf R, Orion E, Marcos B, Matz H (2005) Life-threatening acute adverse cutaneous drug reactions. Clin Dermatol 23(2):171–181
Shaw RB Jr, Chong AK, Zhang A et al. (2007) Dupuytren’s disease: history, diagnosis, and treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 120(3):44e–54e
Al Hawsawi K, Al Aboud K, Ramesh V, Al Aboud D (2002) Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria: report of a case and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 19(6):523–526
Lofgren SM, Warshaw EM (2006) Dyshidrosis: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and therapy. Dermatitis 17(4):165–181
Bessler M, Wilson DB, Mason PJ (2004) Dyskeratosis congenita and telomerase. Curr Opin Pediatr 16(1):23–28
Gilaberte Y, Grasa MP, Carapeto FJ (2006) Clear cell hidradenoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 54(5 Suppl):248–249
Dadlani C, Orlow SJ (2006) Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma. Dermatol Online J 12(5):9
Ter Poorten MC, Barrett K, Cook J (2003) Familial eccrine spiradenoma: a case report and review of the literature. Dermatol Surg 29(4):411–414
El Darouti MA, Marzouk SA, El Hadidi HA, Sobhi RM (2001) Eccrine syringosquamous metaplasia. Int J Dermatol 40(12):777–781
Matz H, Orion E, Wolf R (2005) Bacterial infections: uncommon presentations. Clin Dermatol 23(5):503–508
Duman M, Ozdemir D, Yis U et al. (2006) Multiple erythematous nodules and ecthyma gangrenosum as a manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in a previously healthy infant. Pediatr Dermatol 23(3):243–246
Lamartine J (2003) Towards a new classification of ectodermal dysplasias. Clin Exp Dermatol 28(4):351–355
Palit A, Inamadar AC (2006) What syndrome is this? Christ–Siemens–Touraine syndrome (anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia). Pediatr Dermatol 23(4):396–398
Wollenberg A, Zoch C, Wetzel S et al. (2003) Predisposing factors and clinical features of Eczema herpeticum: a retrospective analysis of 100 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(2):198–205
Uitto J (2005) The Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: phenotypic spectrum and molecular genetics. Eur J Dermatol 15(5):311–312
Parodi PC, Nadalig B, Rampino Cordaro E et al. (2007) Non-traumatic elastofibroma dorsi. Eur J Dermatol 17(2):169–170
Vearrier D, Buka RL, Roberts B et al. (2006) What is standard of care in the evaluation of elastosis perforans serpiginosa? A survey of pediatric dermatologists. Pediatr Dermatol 23(3):219–224
Seite S, Zucchi H, Septier D et al. (2006) Elastin changes during chronological and photo-ageing: the important role of lysozyme. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(8):980–987
Vaccaro M, Borgia F, Guarneri F, Cannavo SP (2000) Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa. Int J Dermatol 39(10):764–766
Petrick MG, Kwong PC (2004) Anterior encephalocele with subcutaneous right facial nodule. J Am Acad Dermatol 51(2 Suppl):S77–S79
Friedman PM, Rico MJ (2000) Cutaneous endometriosis. Dermatol Online J 6(1):8
Caputo R, Marzano AV, Vezzoli P, Lunardon L (2006) Wells syndrome in adults and children: a report of 19 cases. Arch Dermatol 142(9):1157–1161
Chung CL, Cusack CA (2000) Wells syndrome: an enigmatic and therapeutically challenging disease. J Drugs Dermatol 5(9):908–911
Hertzman PA, Clauw DJ, Duffy J et al. (2001) Rigorous new approach to constructing a gold standard for validating new diagnostic criteria, as exemplified by the eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome. Arch Intern Med 161(19):2301–2306
Antic M, Lautenschlager S, Itin PH (2006) Eosinophilic fasciitis 30 years after: What do we really know? Report of 11 patients and review of the literature. Dermatology 213(2):93–101
Nervi SJ, Schwartz RA, Dmochowski M (2006) Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: a 40-year retrospect. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(2):285–289
Buckley DA, Munn SE, Higgins EM (2001) Neonatal eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 26(3):251–255
Segura S, Romero D, Mascaro JM Jr et al. (2006) Eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa: another histological simulator of CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. Br J Dermatol 155(2):460–463
Kriner J, Montes LF (1997) Gigantic ichthyosis hystrix. J Am Acad Dermatol 36(4):646–647
Sarifakioglu E, Yenidunya S (2007) Linear epidermolytic verrucous epidermal nevus of the male genitalia. Pediatr Dermatol 24(4):447–448
Chatproedprai S, Wananukul S, Prasarnnaem T, Noppakun N (2007) Epidermal nevus syndrome. Int J Dermatol 46(8):858–860
Yanagi T, Shibaki A, Tsuji-Abe Y et al. (2006) Epidermodysplasia verruciformis and generalized verrucosis: The same disease? Clin Exp Dermatol 31(3):390–393
Mathew R, Morgan MB (2006) Dermal atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma obfuscated by epidermal inclusion cyst: A wolf in sheep’s clothing? Am J Dermatopathol 28(4):338–340
Hallel–Halevy D, Nadelman C, Chen M, Woodley DT (2001) Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: update and review. Clin Dermatol 19(6):712–718
Pasmooij AM, Pas HH, Jansen GH et al. (2007) Localized and generalized forms of blistering in junctional epidermolysis bullosa due to COL17A1 mutations in the Netherlands. Br J Dermatol 156(5):861–870
Okulicz JF, Kihiczak NI, Janniger CK (2002) Epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Cutis 70(1):19–21
Banerji A, Weller PF, Sheikh J (2006) Cytokine-associated angioedema syndromes including episodic angioedema with eosinophilia (Gleich’s syndrome). Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 26(4):769–781
Pai KK, Pai SB, Sripathi H, Pranab, Rao P (2006) Epithelioid sarcoma: a diagnostic challenge. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 72(6):446–448
Lee HJ, Chung KY (2002) Erosive adenomatosis of the nipple: conservation of nipple by Mohs micrographic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 47(4):578–580
Patton D, Lynch PJ, Fung MA, Fazel N (2007) Chronic atrophic erosive dermatosis of the scalp and extremities: a recharacterization of erosive pustular dermatosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(3):421–427
Roux O, Lacour JP (2004) Paediatricians of the Region var-Cote d’azur. Eruptive lingual papillitis with household transmission: a prospective clinical study. Br J Dermatol 150(2):299–303
Pitarch G, Torrijos A, Garciaescriva D, Martinezmenchon T (2007) Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis associated to cytomegalovirus infection. Eur J Dermatol 17(5):455–456
Chan KH, Tang WY, Lam WY, Lo KK (2007) Eruptive vellus hair cysts presenting as bluish-grey facial discoloration masquering as naevus of Ota. Br J Dermatol 157(1):188–189
Varella TC, Nico MM (2005) Erysipeloid. Int J Dermatol 44(6):497–498
Mohr MR, Scott KA, Pariser RM, Hood AF (2007) Laptop computer-induced erythema ab igne: a case report. Cutis 79(1):59–60
Weyers W, Diaz-Cascajo C, Weyers I (2003) Erythema annulare centrifugum: results of a clinicopathologic study of 73 patients. Am J Dermatopathol 25(6):451–462
Schwartz RA (2004) Erythema dyschromicum perstans: the continuing enigma of Cinderella or ashy dermatosis. Int J Dermatol 43(3):230–232
Wahl CE, Bouldin MB, Gibson LE (2005) Eythema elevatum diutinum: clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of six patients. Am J Dermatopathol 27(5):397–400
Stone SP, Buescher LS (2005) Life-threatening paraneoplastic cutaneous syndromes. Clin Dermatol 23(3):301–306
Jacinto SS, Nograles KB (2003) Erythema induratum of Bazin: role of polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis. Int J Dermatol 42(5):380–381
Vafaie J, Schwartz RA (2005) Erythema infectiosum. J Cutan Med Surg 9(4):159–161
Ravisha MS, Tullu MS, Kamat JR (2003) Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: clinical profile of 550 cases in India. Arch Med Res 34(5):382–387
Tibbles CD, Edlow JA (2007) Does this patient have erythema migrans? J Am Med Assoc 297(23):2617–2627
Aurelian L, Ono F, Burnett J (2003) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM): a viral disease with an autoimmune component. Dermatol Online J 9(1):1
Mana J, Marcoval J (2007) Erythema nodosum. Clin Dermatol 25(3):288–294
Cuevas J, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Carrillo R et al. (2007) Erythema nodosum leprosum: reactional leprosy. Semin Cutan Med Surg 26(2):126–130
Akoglu G, Ersoy Evans S, Akca T, Sahin S (2006) A unusual presentation of erythema toxicum neonatorum: delayed onset in a preterm infant. Pediatr Dermatol 23(3):301–302
Lee PL, Lemos B, O’Brien SH et al. (2007) Cutaneous diphtheroid infection and review of other cutaneous Gram-positive Bacillus infections. Cutis 79(5):371–377
Gray LC, Davis LS, Guill MA (1996) Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia. J Am Acad Dermatol 34(5 Pt 1):858–859
Strober BE (2003) Erythrokeratodermia variabilis. Dermatol Online J 9(4):5
Ljubojevic S, Lipozenic J, Pustisek N (2005) Erythromelalgia. Skinmed 4(1):55–57
Karakatsanis G et al. (2007) Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli. Cutis 79:459–461
Porter WM, Francis N, Hawkins D et al. (2002) Penile intraepithelial neoplasia: clinical spectrum and treatment of 35 cases. Br J Dermatol 147(6):1159–1165
Murphy GM (2003) Diagnosis and management of the erythropoietic porphyrias. Dermatol Ther 16(1):57–64
Darmstadt GL, McGuire J, Ziboh VA (2000) Malnutrition-associated rash of cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Dermatol 17(5):337–347
Kanitakis J (2007) Mammary and extramammary Paget’s disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(5):581–590
Larralde M, Boggio P, Amartino H, Chamoles N (2004) Fabry disease: a study of 6 hemizygous men and 5 heterozygous women with emphasis on dermatologic manifestations. Arch Dermatol 140(12):1440–1446
Van Geel NA, Kockaert M, Neumann HA (1999) Familial dyskeratotic comedones. Br J Dermatol 140(5):956–959
Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zemer D et al. (1997) Criteria for the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. Arthritis Rheum 40(10):1879–1885
Samuels J, Ozen S (2006) Familial Mediterranean fever and the other autoinflammatory syndromes: evaluation of the patient with recurrent fever. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18(1):108–117
Patterson WM, Fox MD, Schwartz RA (2004) Favre–Racouchot disease. Int J Dermatol 43(3):167–169
Cecchi R, Paoli S, Giomi A, Rossetti R (2003) Favus due to Trichophyton schoenleinii in a patient with metastatic bronchial carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 148(5):1057
Su MW, Fromer E, Fung MA (2006) Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus. Dermatol Online J 12(5):2
Vincent A, Farley M, Chan E, James WD (2003) Birt–Hogg–Dube syndrome: a review of the literature and the differential diagnosis of firm facial papules. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(4):698–705
Baykal C, Buyukbabani N, Yazganoglu KD, Saglik E (2007) Acquired digital fibrokeratoma. Cutis 79(2):129–132
Scott DM, Pena JR, Omura EF (1999) Fibrous hamartoma of infancy. J Am Acad Dermatol 41(5 Pt 2):857–859
Lee AN, Stein SL, Cohen LM (2005) Clear cell fibrous papule with NKI/C3 expression: clinical and histologic features in six cases. Am J Dermatopathol 27(4):296–300
Farley R, Ratner D (2006) Diagnosis and management of atypical fibroxanthoma. Skinmed 5(2):83–86
Melrose WD (2002) Lymphatic filariasis: new insights into an old disease. Int J Parasitol 32(8):947–960
Sehgal VN, Srivastava G (2006) Fixed drug eruption (FDE): changing scenario of incriminating drugs. Int J Dermatol 45(8):897–908
Mianda SB, Delmaestro D, Bertoli R et al. (2005) Focal dermal hypoplasia with exuberant fat herniations and skeletal deformities. Pediatr Dermatol 22(5):420–423
Rocha-Alvarez R, Ortega-Loayza AG, Friedman H et al. (2007) Endemic pemphigus vulgaris. Arch Dermatol 143(7):895–899
Luelmo-Aguilar J, Santandreu MS (2004) Folliculitis: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 5(5):301–310
Brooke RC, Griffiths CE (2001) Folliculitis decalvans. Clin Exp Dermatol 26(1):120–122
Yu Y, Cheng AS, Wang L et al. (2007) Hot tub folliculitis or hot hand–foot syndrome caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(4):596–600
Ghislanzoni M, Bianchi F, Barbareschi M, Alessi E (2006) Cutaneous granulomatous reaction to injectable hyaluronic acid gel. Br J Dermatol 154(4):755–758
Ozcan A, Senol M, Aydin NE, Karaca S, Sener S (2003) Fox–Fordyce disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17(2):244–245
Mailler EA, Adams BB (2004) The wear and tear of 26.2: dermatological injuries reported on marathon day. Br J Sports Med 38(4):498–501
Serna MJ, Espana A, Idoate MA, Quintanilla E (1994) Lichenoid papular eruption in a child. Frictional lichenoid dermatitis of childhood (FLDC). Arch Dermatol 130(1):106–107, 109–110
Moreno-Ramirez D, Camacho Martinez F (2005) Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a survey in 16 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(6):700–705
Meffert JJ (1999) Environmental skin diseases and the impact of common dermatoses on medical readiness. Dermatol Clin 17(1):1–17
Sidwell RU, Ibrahim MA, Bunker CB (2002) A case of common variable immunodeficiency presenting with furunculosis. Br J Dermatol 147(2):364–367
Nahra ME, Bucchieri JS (2004) Ganglion cysts and other tumor related conditions of the hand and wrist. Hand Clin 20(3):249–260
Herrmann SM, Adler YD, Schmidt-Petersen K et al. (2003) The concomitant occurrence of multiple epidermal cysts, osteomas and thyroid gland nodules is not diagnostic for Gardner syndrome in the absence of intestinal polyposis: a clinical and genetic report. Br J Dermatol 149(4):877–883
Siddi GM, Montesu MA (2006) Gardner–Diamond syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(6):736–737
Holleran WM, Ziegler SG, Goker-Alpan O et al. (2006) Skin abnormalities as an early predictor of neurologic outcome in Gaucher disease. Clin Genet 69(4):355–357
Brandt O, Abeck D, Gianotti R, Burgdorf W (2006) Gianotti–Crosti syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 54(1):136–145
Walsh EF, Mechrefe A, Akelman E, Schiller AL (2005) Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Am J Orthop 34(3):116–121
Lupi O, Madkan V, Tyring SK (2006) Tropical dermatology: bacterial tropical diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 54(4):559–578
Lu R, Krathen RA, Sanchez RL et al. (2005) Multiple glomangiomas: potential ?for confusion with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(4):731–732
D’Acri AM, Ramos-e-Silva M, Basilio-de-Oliveira C et al. (2002) Multiple glomus tumors: recognition and diagnosis. Skinmed 1(2):94–98
Phillips JA, Dixon JE, Richardson JB et al. (2006) Glomeruloid hemangioma leading to a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(1):149–152
Mehrany K, Kist JM, O’Connor WJ, Dicaudo DJ (2003) Disseminated gonococcemia. Int J Dermatol 42(3):208–209
Falasca GF (2006) Metabolic diseases: gout. Clin Dermatol 24(6):498–508
Schaffer JV (2006) The changing face of graft-versus-host disease. Semin Cutan Med Surg 25(4):190–200
Srivastava M, Mikkilineni R, Konstadt J (2007) Lassueur–Graham–Little–Piccardi syndrome. Dermatol Online J 13(1):12
Aste N, Atzori L, Zucca M et al. (2001) Gram-negative bacterial toe web infection: a survey of 123 cases from the district of Cagliari, Italy. J Am Acad Dermatol 45(4):537–541
Tomson N, Abdullah A, Tan CY (2006) Multiple granular cell tumors in a child with growth retardation. Report of a case and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 45(11):1358–1361
Scheinfeld N et al. (2005) Granular parakeratosis: pathologic and clinical correlation of 18 cases of granular parakeratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 52:863–867
Beswick SJ, Jones EL, Mahendra P, Marsden JR (2002) Chloroma (aleukaemic leukaemia cutis) initially diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 27(4):272–274
Kovich O, Burgin S (2005) Generalized granuloma annulare. Dermatol Online J 11(4):23
Ortonne N et al. (2005) Granuloma faciale: a clinicopathologic study of 66 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 53:1002–1009
Robson KJ, Maugham JA, Purcell SD (2006) Erosive papulonodular dermatosis associated with topical benzocaine: a report of two cases and evidence that granuloma gluteale, pseudoverrucous papules, and Jacquet’s erosive dermatitis are a disease spectrum. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(5 Suppl):S74–S80
Sandhu K, Saraswat A, Gupta S, Shukla R, Handa S (2004) Granuloma multiforme. Int J Dermatol 43(6):441–443
Magro CM, Crowson AN, Schapiro BL (1998) The interstitial granulomatous drug reaction: a distinctive clinical and pathological entity. J Cutan Pathol 25(2):72–78
Kroshinsky D, Glick SA (2006) Pediatric rosacea. Dermatol Ther 19(4):196–201
Teixeira M, Alves R, Lima M et al. (2007) Granulomatous slack skin. Eur J Dermatol 17(5):435–438
Akhdari N (2007) Granulosis rubra nasi. Int J Dermatol 46(4):396
Sakata S, Howard A (2007) Pseudomonas chloronychia in a patient with nail psoriasis. Med J Aust 186(8):424
Emanuel PO, Sternberg LJ, Phelps RG (2007) Griscelli syndrome. Skinmed 6(3):147–149
Davis MD, Dinneen AM, Landa N, Gibson LE (1999) Grover’s disease: clinicopathologic review of 72 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 74(3):229–234
Mckibben J, Smalling C (2006) Hailey–Hailey. Skinmed 5(5):250–252
Brazzelli V, Larizza D, Martinetti M et al. (2004) Halo nevus, rather than vitiligo, is a typical dermatologic finding of Turner’s syndrome: clinical, genetic, and immunogenetic study in 72 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 51(3):354–358
Anzai S, Fujiwara S, Inuzuka M (2003) Bromoderma. Int J Dermatol 42(5):370–371
Scott LA, Stone MS (2003) Viral exanthems. Dermatol Online J 9(3):4
Akiyama M (2006) Pathomechanisms of harlequin ichthyosis and ABCA transporters in human diseases. Arch Dermatol 142(7):914–918
Seyhan ME, Selimoglu MA, Ertekin V et al. (2006) Acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruptions in a child with Hartnup disease. Pediatr Dermatol 23(3):262–265
Requena L, Sangueza OP (1998) Cutaneous vascular proliferations. Part III. Malignant neoplasms, other cutaneous neoplasms with significant vascular component, and disorders erroneously considered as vascular neoplasms. J Am Acad Dermatol 38(2 Pt 1):143–175
Gruman A, Liang MG, Mulliken JB et al. (2005) Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma without Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(4):616–622
Ioannidou D, Panayiotides J, Krasagakis K et al. (2006) Retiform hemangioendothelioma presenting as bruise-like plaque in an adult woman. Int J Dermatol 45(1):53–55
Dhawan SS, Raza M (2007) Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. Cutis 79(2):125–128
Bruckner AL, Frieden IJ (2003) Hemangiomas of infancy. J Am Acad Dermatol 48(4):477–493
Requena L, Sangueza OP (1997) Cutaneous vascular proliferation. Part II. hyperplasias and benign neoplasms. J Am Acad Dermatol 37(6):887–919
Franchini M (2006) Hereditary iron overload: update on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Hematol 81(3):202–209
Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloeh DA et al. (1990) The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of Henoch–Schonlein purpura. Arthritis Rheum 33:1114–1121
Roberts PF, Waller TA, Brinker TM et al. (2007) Henoch–Schonlein purpura: a review article. South Med J 100(8):821–824
Harenberg J, Hoffmann U, Huhle G et al. (2001) Cutaneous reactions to anticoagulants. Recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2(2):69–75
Warkentin TE, Cook DJ (2005) Heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in the ICU. Crit Care Clin 21(3):513–529
Dimson O, Drolet BA, Esterly NB (1999) Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 16(6):475–477
Yeung-Yue KA, Brentjens MH, Lee PC, Tyring SK (2002) Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. Dermatol Clin 20(2):249–266
Kimberlin DW, Whitley RJ (2005) Neonatal herpes: What have we learned? Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 16(1):7–16
Chen TM, George S, Woodruff CA, Hsu S (2002) Clinical manifestations of varicella-zoster virus infection. Dermatol Clin 20(2):267–282
Bowling JC, Saha M, Bunker CB (2005) Herpetic whitlow: a forgotten diagnosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 30(5):609–610
Rubinson R, Larralde M, Santos-Munoz A et al. (2004) Palmoplantar eccrine hidradenitis: seven new cases. Pediatr Dermatol 21(4):466–468
Wiseman MC (2004) Hidradenitis suppurativa: a review. Dermatol Ther 17(1):50–54
Handa Y, Yamanaka N, Inagaki H, Tomita Y (2003) Large ulcerated perianal hidradenoma papilliferum in a young female. Dermatol Surg 29(7):790–792
Kurokawa I, Nishijima S, Kusumoto K et al. (2005) A case report of hidroacanthoma simplex with an immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins. Int J Dermatol 44(9):775–776
Anzai S, Goto M, Fujiwara S, Da T (2005) Apocrine hidrocystoma: a case report and analysis of 167 Japanese cases. Int J Dermatol 44(8):702–703
Sidwell RU, Francis N, Slater DN, Mayou SC (2005) Is disseminated juvenile xanthogranulomatosis benign cephalic histiocytosis? Pediatr Dermatol 22(1):40–43
Verma SB (2006) Chronic disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual – a case report. Int J Dermatol 45(5):573–576
Maillefer RH, Greydanus MP (1999) To B or not to B: Is tylosis B truly benign? Two North American genealogies. Am J Gastroenterol 94(3):829–834
Lonergan CL, Payne AR, Wilson WG et al. (2004) What syndrome is this? Hunter syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 21(6):679–681
Gupta G, Man I, Kemmett D (2000) Hydroa vacciniforme: a clinical and follow-up study of 17 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 42(2 Pt 1):208–213
Leiferman KM, Gleich GJ (2004) Hypereosinophilic syndrome: case presentation and update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113(1):50–58
Malaviya AN, Kaushik P, Budhiraja S et al. (2000) Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom: report of 3 cases with a short review. Clin Exp Rheumatol 18(4):518–522
Dewitt CA, Bishop AB, Buescher LS et al. (2006) Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: two cases and a review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 54(5):855–865
Vando K, Hattori H, Yamauchi Y (2006) Histopathological differences between early and old lesions of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel’s disease). Am J Dermatopathol 28(2):122–126
Graves JW, Morris JC, Sheps SG (2001) Martorell’s hypertensive leg ulcer: case report and concise review of the literature. J Hum Hypertens 15(4):279–283
Taibjee SM, Bennett DC, Moss C (2004) Abnormal pigmentation in hypomelanosis of Ito and pigmentary mosaicism: the role of pigmentary genes. Br J Dermatol 151(2):269–282
Akiyama M, Tsuji-Abe Y, Yanagihara M et al. (2005) Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens: its correct diagnosis facilitated by molecular genetic testing. Br J Dermatol 152(6):1353–1356
Oji V, Traupe H (2006) Ichthyoses: differential diagnosis and molecular genetics. Eur J Dermatol 16(4):349–359
Hazan C, Orlow SJ, Schaffer JV (2005) X-linked recessive ichthyosis. Dermatol Online J 11(4):12
Boralevi F, Leaute-Labreze C, Lepreux S et al. (2007) Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma: a multicentre prospective study of 30 cases. Br J Dermatol 156(4):705–708
Kaya TI, Yazici AC, Tursen U et al. (2005) Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: Idiopathic or ultraviolet induced? Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 21(5):270–271
Jang KA, Choi JH, Sung KS et al. (2001) Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation: report of 10 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 44(2 Suppl):351–353
Atzori L, Pau M, Aste M (2003) Erythema multiforme ID reaction in atypical dermatophytosis: a case report. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17(6):699–701
Alfadley A, Al Hawsawi K, Al Aboud K (2003) Ichthyosis follicularis: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 20(1):48–51
Oumeish OY, Parish LC (2002) Marching in the army: common cutaneous disorders of the feet. Clin Dermatol 20(4):445–451
Stanley JR, Amagai M (2006) Pemphigus, bullous impetigo, and the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome. N Engl J Med 355(17):1800–1810
Lands SJ, Donnai D (1993) Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome). J Med Genet 30(1):53–59
Niamba P, Leaute-Labreze C, Boralevi F et al. (2007) Further documentation of spontaneous regression of infantile digital fibromatosis. Pediatr Dermatol 24(3):280–284
Stanford D, Rogers M (2000) Dermatological presentations of infantile myofibromatosis: a review of 27 cases. Australas J Dermatol 41(3):156–161
Lee SH, Rogers M (2001) Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevi: a review of 23 cases. Australas J Dermatol 42(4):252–256
Daniel CR III, Iorizzo M, Tosti A, Piraccini BM (2006) Ingrown toenails. Cutis 78(6):407–408
Farage MA, Miller KW, Berardesca E, Maibach HI (2007) Incontinence in the aged: contact dermatitis and other cutaneous consequences. Contact dermatitis 57(4):211–217
Ko CJ, Shintaku P, Binder SW (2005) Comparison of benign keratoses using p53, bcl-1, and bcl-2. J Cutan Pathol 32(5):356–359
Nieves DS, Phipps RP, Pollock SJ et al. (2004) Dermatologic and immunologic findings in the immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome. Arch Dermatol 140(4):466–472
Ulrich H, Landthaler M, Vogt T (2007) Granulomatous jellyfish dermatitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 5(6):493–495
Lipsker D, Mitschler A, Grosshans E et al. (2006) Could Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin be a dermal variant of lupus erythematosus? An analysis of 210 cases. Dermatology 213(1):15–22
Thomas JE, Moossavi M, Mehregan DR et al. (2004) Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 43(11):785–789
Gibbs NF (2004) Juvenile plantar dermatosis. Can sweat cause foot rash and peeling? Postgrad Med 115(6):73–75
Sayah A, English JC III (2005) Rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the cutaneous manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(2):191–209
Stratigos AJ, Antoniou C, Papadakis P et al. (2004) Juvenile spring eruption: clinicopathologic features and phototesting results in 4 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 50(2 Suppl):S57–S60
Redbord KP, Sheth AP (2007) Multiple juvenile xanthogranulomas in a 13-year-old. Pediatr Dermatol 24(3):238–240
Jessop S (2006) HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Dermatol Clin 24(4):509–520
Santmyire-Rosenberger BR, Nigra TP (2005) Psoriasis herpeticum: three cases of Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(1):52–56
Mizuno Y, Suga Y, Muramatsu S et al. (2006) Psoriasiform and palmoplanter pustular lesions induced after Kawasaki disease. Int J Dermatol 45(9):1080–1082
Robles DT, Berg D (2007) Abnormal wound healing: keloids. Clin Dermatol 25(1):26–32
Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Bitoun E, Chevrant-Breton J et al. (2007) Keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness syndrome: disease expression and spectrum of connexin 26 (GJB2) mutations in 14 patients. Br J Dermatol 156(5):1015–1019
Karaa A, Khachemoune A (2007) Keratoacanthoma: a tumor in search of a classification. Int J Dermatol 46(7):671–678
Abulafia J, Vignale RA (2000) Degenerative collagenous plaques of the hands and acrokeratoelastoidosis: pathogenesis and relationship with knuckle pads. Int J Dermatol 39(6):424–432
Lee HJ, Ha SJ, Ahn WK et al. (2001) Clinical evaluation of atopic hand–foot dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 18(2):102–106
Goh MS, Magee J, Chong AH (2005) Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans and acne keloidalis nuchae. Australas J Dermatol 46(4):257–260
Boer A (2006) Keratosis lichenoides chronica: proposal of a concept. Am J Dermatopathol 28(3):260–275
Lateef A, Schwartz RA (1999) Keratosis pilaris. Cutis 63(4):205–207
Callaway SR, Lesher JL Jr (2004) Keratosis pilaris atrophicans: case series and review. Pediatr Dermatol 21(1):14–17
Kong MS, Harford R, O’Neill JT (2004) Keratosis punctata palmoplantaris controlled with topical retinoids: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis 74(3):173–179
Lee HW, Yun WJ, Chang SE et al. (2006) Generalized maculopapules with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Arch Dermatol 142(5):641–646
Garzon MC, Huang JT, Enjolras O et al. (2007) Vascular malformations. Part II: associated syndromes. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(4):541–564
Dickens R, Adams BB, Mutasim DF (2002) Sports-related pads. Int J Dermatol 41(5):291–293
Querings K, Starz H, Balda BR (2006) Clinical spectrum of cutaneous Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis mimicking various diseases. Acta Derm Venereol 86(1):39–43
Mehregan DR, Hamzavi F, Brown K (2003) Large cell acanthoma. Int J Dermatol 42(1):36–39
Brenner MA, Patel MB (2003) Cutaneous larva migrans: the creeping eruption. Cutis 72(2):111–115
Fisher D, Field EA, Welsh S (2004) Laugier–Hunziker syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 29(3):312–313
Holst VA, Junkins-Hopkins JM, Elenitsas R (2002) Cutaneous smooth muscle neoplasms: clinical features, histologic findings, and treatment options. J Am Acad Dermatol 46(4):477–479
Annest NM, Grekin SJ, Stone MS, Messingham MJ (2007) Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: a tumor of the head and neck. Dermatol Surg 33(5):628–633
Bailey MS, Lockwood DN (2007) Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Dermatol 25(2):203–211
Kaur TD, Kanwar AJ (2004) Giant nevus spilus and centrofacial lentiginosis. Pediatr Dermatol 21(4):516–517
Mckenna JK, Florell SR, Goldman GD et al. (2006) Lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma: current state of diagnosis and treatment. Dermatol Surg 32(4):493–504
Chong WS, Klanwarin W, Giam YC (2004) Generalized lentiginosis in two children lacking systemic associations: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 21(2):139–145
Moreno-Ramirez D, Ferrandiz L, Camacho FM (2005) Are the ABCD signs useful for the management of solar lentigo? Br J Dermatol 153(5):1083–1084
Dgilio MC, Sarkozy A, de Zorzi A et al. (2006) LEOPARD syndrome: clinical diagnosis in the first year of life. Am J Med Genet A 140(7):740–746
Ramos-E-Silva M, Oliveira ML, Munhoz-da-Fontoura GH (2005) Leprosy: uncommon presentations. Clin Dermatol 23(5):509–514
Mcbride AJ, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI (2005) Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 18(5):376–386
Watson KM, Mufti G, Salisbury JR et al. (2006) Spectrum of clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis in a series of eight patients with leukaemia Cutis. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(2):218–221
Movahedi M, Entezari N, Pourpak Z et al. (2007) Clinical and laboratory findings in Iranian patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (study of 15 cases). J Clin Immunol 27(3):302–307
Kumar A, Freeman S (1999) Leukoderma following occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis 41(2):94–98
Ikediobi NI, Tyring SK (2002) Cutaneous manifestations of Epstein–Barr virus infection. Dermatol Clin 20(2):283–289
Rongioletti F (2006) Lichen myxedematosus (papular mucinosis): new concepts and perspectives for an old disease. Semin Cutan Med Surg 25(2):100–104
Cevasco NC, Bergfeld WF, Remzi BK et al. A case-series of 29 patients with lichen planopilaris: the Cleveland Clinic Foundation experience on evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007 57(1):47–53
Reich HL, Nguyen JT, James WD (2004) Annular lichen planus: a case series of 20 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 50(4):595–599
Funaro D (2004) Lichen sclerosus: a review and practical approach. Dermatol Ther 17(1):28–37
Vashisht P, Sahoo B, Khurana N, Reddy BS (2007) Cutaneous tuberculosis in children and adolescents: a clinicohistological study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(1):40–47
Lynch PJ (2004) Lichen simplex chronicus (atopic/neurodermatitis) of the anogenital region. Dermatol Ther 17(1):8–19
Tilly JJ, Drolet BA, Esterly NB (2004) Lichenoid eruptions in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 51(4):606–624
Nigen S, Knowles SR, Shear NH (2003) Drug eruptions: approaching the diagnosis of drug-induced skin diseases. J Drugs Dermatol 2(3):278–299
Morgan MB, Stevens GL, Switlyk S (2005) Benign lichenoid keratosis: a clinical and pathologic reappraisal of 1040 cases. Am J Dermatopathol 27(5):387–392
Miteva L, Nikolova K, Obreshkova E (2005) Linear atrophoderma of Moulin. Int J Dermatol 44(10):867–869
Lernia V di (2007) Linear and whorled hypermelanosis. Pediatr Dermatol 24(3):205–210
Arroyo MP, Soter NA (2001) Linear focal elastosis. Dermatol Online J 7(2):18
Guide SV, Marinkovich MP (2001) Linear IgA bullous dermatosis. Clin Dermatol 19(6):719–727
Bruce AJ, Bennett DD, Lohse CM et al. (2002) Lipodermatosclerosis: review of cases evaluated at Mayo Clinic. J Am Acad Dermatol 46(2):187–192
Pope E, Janson A, Khambalia A, Feldman B (2006) Childhood acquired lipodystrophy: a retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(6):947–950
Helm TN, Bisker E, Bergfeld WF (2001) Lipodystrophy. Cutis 67(2):163–164
Ringpfeil F (2005) Selected disorders of connective tissue: pseudoxanthoma elasticum, cutis laxa, and lipoid proteinosis. Clin Dermatol 23(1):41–46
Mentzel T (2001) Cutaneous lipomatous neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol 18(4):250–257
Fernandez-Vozmediano J, Armario-Hita J (2005) Benign symmetric lipomatosis (Launois–Bensaude syndrome). Int J Dermatol 44(3):236–237
Dei Tos AP, Mentzel T, Fletcher CD (1998) Primary liposarcoma of the skin: a rare neoplasm with unusual high grade features. Am J Dermatopathol 20(4):332–338
Gibbs M et al. (2005) Livedo reticularis: an update. J Am Acad Dermatol 52:1009–1019
Hairston BR, Davis MD, Pittelkow MR et al. (2006) Livedoid vasculopathy: further evidence for procoagulant pathogenesis. Arch Dermatol 142(11):1413–1418
Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Reyes Jaimes O, Davila Jones L (2007) Lobomycosis in Venezuela. Int J Dermatol 46(2):180–185
Tosti A, Piraccini BM (2002) Loose anagen hair syndrome and loose anagen hair. Arch Dermatol 138(4):521–522
Crowson AN, Magro C (2001) The cutaneous pathology of lupus erythematosus: a review. J Cutaneous Pathol 28:1–23
Yell JA, Allen J, Wojnarowska F, Kirtschig G et al. (1995) Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: revised criteria for diagnosis. Br J Dermatol 132(6):921–928
Zeitouni NC, Funaro D, Cloutier RA et al. (2000) Redefining Rowell’s syndrome. Br J Dermatol 142(2):343–346
Rothfield N, Sontheimer RD, Bernstein M (2006) Lupus erythematosus: systemic and cutaneous manifestations. Clin Dermatol 24(5):348–362
Nino M, Barberio E, Delfino M (2003) Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei and its debated link to tuberculosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17(1):97
Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED et al. (2006) The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 43(9):1089–1134
Alsadhan A, Taher M, Shokravi M (2003) Cutaneous lymphadenoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(6):1115–1116
Gupta S, Radotra BD, Javaheri SM et al. (2003) Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the penis mimicking venereal lesions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17(5):598–600
Lackey JN, Xia Y, Cho S, Sperling LC (2007) Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia: a case report and brief review of the literature. Cutis 79(6):445–448
Kempf W (2006) CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders: histopathology, differential diagnosis, new variants, and simulators. J Cutan Pathol 33 (Suppl 1):58–70
Bogle MA, Riddle CC, Triana EM, Jones D, Duvic M (2005) Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(3):479–484
Olsen E, Vonderheid E, Pimpinelli N et al. (2007) Revisions to the staging and classification of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: a proposal of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) and the cutaneous Lymphoma task force of the European organization of Research and Treatment of cancer (EORTC). Blood 110(6):1713–1722
Ferreri AJ, Campo E, Seymour JF et al. (2004) Intravascular lymphoma: clinical ?presentation, natural history, management and prognostic factors in a series of 38 cases, with special emphasis on the “cutaneous variant”. Br J Haematol 127(2):173–183
Kinney MC, Jones D (2007) Cutaneous T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas: the WHO–EORTC classification and the increasing recognition of specialized tumor types. Am J Clin Pathol 127(5):670–686
Weenig RH, Ng CS, Perniciaro C (2001) Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: an elusive case presenting as lipomembranous panniculitis and a review of 72 cases in the literature. Am J Dermatopathol 23(3):206–215
Muller FM, Lewis-Jones S, Morley S et al. (2007) Lymphomatoid granulomatosis complicating other haematological malignancies. Br J Dermatol 157(2):426–429
El Shabrawi-Caelen L, Kerl H, Cerroni L (2004) Lymphomatoid papulosis: reappraisal of clinicopathologic presentation and classification into subtypes A, B, and C. Arch Dermatol 140(4):441–447
Shepherd V, Godbolt A, Casey T (2005) Maffucci’s syndrome with extensive gastrointestinal involvement. Australas J Dermatol 46(1):33–37
Brod C, Benedix F, Rocken M et al. (2007) Trichophytic Majocchi granuloma mimicking Kaposi sarcoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 5(7):591–593
Savant SR, Amladi ST, Kangle SD et al. (2007) Cutaneous malakoplakia in an HIV-positive patient. Int J STD AIDS 18(6):435–436
Scheinfeld N (2007) Malignant atrophic papulosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(5):483–487
Blatiere V, De Boever CM, Jacot W et al. (2007) Cutaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma in an HIV-positive patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(1):106–107
Judge DP, Dietz HC (2005) Marfan’s syndrome. Lancet 366(9501):1965–1976
Hannaford R, Rogers M (2001) Presentation of cutaneous mastocytosis in ?173 children. Australas J Dermatol 42(1):15–21
Volkl TM, Dorr HG (2006) McCune–Albright syndrome: clinical picture and natural history in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 19 (Suppl 2):551–559
Sweeney SA, Cohen PR, Schulze KE et al. (2005) Familial median canaliform nail dystrophy. Cutis 75(3):161–165
Park CO, Chun EY, Lee JH (2006) Median raphe cyst on the scrotum and perineum. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(5 Suppl):S114–S115
Terai H, Shimahara M (2007) Partial atrophic tongue other than median rhomboid glossitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(4):381–384
Mert A, Ozaras R, Tabak F et al. (2006) Mediterranean spotted fever: a review of fifteen cases. J Dermatol 33(2):103–107
Uede K, Furukawa F (2003) Skin manifestations in acute arsenic poisoning from the Wakayama curry-poisoning incident. Br J Dermatol 149(4):757–762
Fornatora ML, Reich RF, Haber S et al. (2003) Oral melanoacanthoma: a report of 10 cases, review of the literature, and immunohistochemical analysis for HMB-45 reactivity. Am J Dermatopathol 25(1):12–15
Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soong SJ et al. (2001) Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Cutaneous Melanoma. J Clin Oncol 19(16):3635–3648
Beyeler M, Dummer R (2005) Cutaneous melanoma: uncommon presentations. Clin Dermatol 23(6):587–592
Grant-Kels JM, Bason ET, Grin CM (1999) The misdiagnosis of malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 40(4):539–548
Rigopoulos D, Gregoriou S et al. (2007) Hyperpigmentation and melasma. J Cosmet Dermatol 6(3):195–202
El Shabrawi-Caelen L, White WL, Soyer HP et al. (2001) Rudimentary meningocele: Remnant of a neural tube defect? Arch Dermatol 137(1):45–50
Ploysangam T, Sheth AP (1996) Chronic meningococcemia in childhood: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 13(6):483–487
Gerard-Blanluet M, Birk-Moller L, Caubel I et al. (2004) Early development of occipital horns in a classical Menkes patient. Am J Med Genet A 130(2):211–213
Swann MH, Yoon J (2007) Merkel cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol 34(1):51–56
Sariya D, Ruth K, Adams–McDonnell R et al. (2007) Clinicopathologic correlation of cutaneous metastases: experience from a cancer center. Arch Dermatol 143(5):613–620
Snow S, Madjar DD, Hardy S et al. (2001) Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: report of 13 cases and review of the literature. Dermatol Surg 27(4):401–408
Kawakami T, Soma Y, Saito C et al. (2006) Cutaneous manifestations in patients with microscopic polyangiitis: two case reports and a minireview. Acta Derm Venereol 86(2):144–147
Patroi I, Annessi G, Girolomoni G (2003) Mid-dermal elastolysis: a clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical study of 11 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 48(6):846–851
Dogra S, Kanwar AJ (2005) Milia en plaque. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(2):263–264
Akcakus M, Koklu E, Poyrazoglu H et al. (2006) Newborn with pseudohypoaldosteronism and miliaria rubra. Int J Dermatol 45(12):1432–1434
Venables PJ (2006) Mixed connective tissue disease. Lupus 15(3):132–137
Rogers NE (2006) The many faces of molluscum contagiosum: the fool factor. Skinmed 5(6):267–268
Dirschka T, Winter K, Bierhoff E (2003) Mondor’s disease: a rare cause of anterior chest pain. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(5):905–906
Ochiai T, Suzuki Y, Kato T et al. (2007) Natural history of extensive Mongolian spots in mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): a survey among 52 Japanese patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(8):1082–1085
Schweizer J (2006) More than one gene involved in monilethrix: intracellular but also extracellular players. J Invest Dermatol 126(6):1216–1219
Sale TA, Melski JW, Stratman EJ (2006) Monkey Pox: an epidemiologic and clinical comparison of African and US disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(3):478–481
Laxer RM, Zulian F (2006) Localized scleroderma. Curr Opin Rheumatol 18(6):606–613
Rongioletti F, Rebora A, Crovato F (1986) Acral persistent papular mucinosis: A new entity? Arch Dermatol 122:1237–1239
Cerroni L, Fink-Puches R, Back B, Kerl H (2002) Follicular mucinosis: a critical reappraisal of clinicopathologic features and association with mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. Arch Dermatol 138(2):182–189
Qureshi HS, Salama ME, Chitale D et al. (2004) Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma: presence of myoepithelial cells as a clue to the cutaneous origin. Am J Dermatopathol 26(5):353–358
Baurmash H (2002) The etiology of superficial oral mucoceles. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60(2):237–238
Baykal C, Buyukbabani N, Boztepe H et al. (2007) Multiple cutaneous neuromas and macular amyloidosis associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(2 Suppl):S33–S37
Alam M, Scher RK, Bickers DR (2001) Muehrcke’s lines in a heart transplant recipient. J Am Acad Dermatol 44(2):316–317
Navi D, Wadhera A, Fung MA et al. (2006) Muir–Torre syndrome. Dermatol Online J 12(5):4
Tajirian AL, Malik MK, Robinson-Bostom L et al. (2006) Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Clin Dermatol 24(6):486–492
Perez LP, Zulaica A, Rodriguez L et al. (2006) Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma. Report of five cases. J Cutan Pathol 33(5):349–352
Welsh O, Vera-Cabrera L, Salinas-Carmona MC (2007) Mycetoma. Clin Dermatol 25(2):195–202
Uslan DZ, Kowalski TJ, Wengenack NL et al. (2006) Skin and soft tissue infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria: comparison of clinical features, treatment, and susceptibility. Arch Dermatol 142(10):1287–1292
Johnson RP, Xia Y, Cho S et al. (2007) Mycobacterium marinum infection: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis 79(1):33–36
Pimpinelli N et al. (2005) International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma. Defining early mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(6):1053–1063
Kazakov DV, Burg G, Kempf W (2004) Clinicopathological spectrum of mycosis fungoides. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 18(4):397–415
Jackson EM, English JC III (2002) Diffuse cutaneous mucinoses. Dermatol Clin 20(3):493–501
Choi HJ, Kim YJ, Yim JH et al. (2007) Unusual presentation of solitary cutaneous myxoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(3):403–404
Lugassy J, Itin P, Ishida-Yamamoto A et al. (2006) Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome and dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis: two allelic ectodermal dysplasias caused by dominant mutations in KRT14. Am J Hum Genet 79(4):724–730
Schulz-Butulis BA, Welch MD, Norton SA (2003) Nail–patella syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(6):1086–1087
Dasgupta NR, Bentz ML (2003) Nasal gliomas: identification and differentiation from hemangiomas. J Craniofac Surg 14(5):736–738
Wee SA, Possick P (2004) Necrobiosis lipoidica. Dermatol Online J 10(3):18
Flann S, Wain EM, Halpern S, andrews V et al. (2006) Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinaemia. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(2):248–251
Abdallah M et al. (2005) Necrolytic acral erythema: a cutaneous sign of hepatitis C virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 53:247–251
Remes-Troche JM, Garcia-de-Acevedo B, Zuniga-Varga J et al. (2004) Necrolytic migratory erythema: a cutaneous clue to glucagonoma syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 18(5):591–595
Kihiczak GG, Schwartz RA, Kapila R (2006) Necrotizing fasciitis: a deadly infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(4):365–369
Introcaso CE, Hivnor C, Cowper S et al. (2007) Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy/nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a case series of nine patients and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 46(5):447–452
Sun JD, Linden KG (2006) Netherton syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 45(6):693–697
Moon SE, Cho YJ, Kwon OS (2005) Subungual schwannoma: a rare location. Dermatol Surg 31(5):592–594
Holland KE, Galbraith SS, Drolet BA (2005) Neonatal violaceous skin lesions: expanding the differential of the “blueberry muffin baby”. Adv Dermatol 21:153–192
Barbarot S, Nicol C, Volteau C et al. (2007) Cutaneous lesions in neurofibromatosis 1: confused terminology. Br J Dermatol 157(1):183–184
Mulvihill JJ, Parry DM, Sherman JL et al. (1990) Neurofibromatosis 1 (Recklinghausen disease) and neurofibromatosis 2 (bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis). An update. Ann Intern Med113(1):39–52
Golod O, Soriano T, Craft N (2005) Palisaded encapsulated neuroma: a classic presentation of a commonly misdiagnosed neural tumor. J Drugs Dermatol 4(1):92–94
Cesinaro AM, Sighinolfi P, Monari P et al. (2006) Penile condylomata? Traumatic neuromas! J Am Acad Dermatol 54(2 Suppl):S54–S55
Fetsch JF, Laskin WB, Hallman JR et al. (2007) Neurothekeoma: an analysis of 178 tumors with detailed immunohistochemical data and long-term patient follow-up information. Am J Surg Pathol 31(7):1103–1114
Pujol RM, Gilaberte M, Toll A et al. (2005) Erythrokeratoderma variabilis-like ichthyosis in Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome. Br J Dermatol 153(4):838–841
Oono T, Matsuura H, Morizane S et al. (2006) A case of infectious eccrine hidradenitis. J Dermatol 33(2):142–145
Pastorino L, Cusano R, Baldo C et al. (2005) Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome in infants: improving diagnosis. Child Care Health Dev 31(3):351–354
Lopez-Barrantes O, Torrelo A, Mediero IG et al. (2002) Nevoid hypertrichosis and hypomelanosis. Eur J Dermatol 12(6):583–585
Sarifakioglu E, Erdal E (2006) Multiple anaemic macules of the arms: a variant of Bier’s spots or naevus anemicus? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(7):892–893
Wick MR, Patterson JW (2005) Cutaneous melanocytic lesions: selected problem areas. Am J Clin Pathol 124 (Suppl):S52–S83
Strungs I (2004) Common and uncommon variants of melanocytic naevi. Pathology 36(5):396–403
Guldbakke KK, Khachemoune A, Deng A et al. (2007) Naevus comedonicus: a spectrum of body involvement. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(5):488–492
Tannous ZS, Mihm MC Jr, Sober AJ et al. (2005) Congenital melanocytic nevi: clinical and histopathologic features, risk of melanoma, and clinical management. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(2):197–203
Coupe RL (1976) Unilateral systematized achromic nevus, Dermatologica 134:19–35
Kim SK, Kang HY, Lee ES, Kim YC (2006) Clinical and histopathologic characteristics of Nevus depigmentosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(3):423–428
Lane JE, Clark E, Marzec T (2003) Nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis. Pediatr Dermatol 20(4):313–314
Lee CS, Lim HW (2003) Cutaneous diseases in Asians. Dermatol Clin 21(4):669–677
Davison SP, Khachemoune A, Yu D et al. (2005) Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn revisited with reconstruction options. Int J Dermatol 44(2):145–150
Happle R (2007) Nevus spilus maculosus vs partial unilateral lentiginosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(5):713
Inamadar AC, Palit A (2003) Primary cutaneous nocardiosis: a case study and review. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 69(6):386–391
Nishi SP, Brey NV, Sanchez RL (2006) Dermal nodular fasciitis: three case reports of the head and neck and literature review. J Cutan Pathol 33(5):378–382
Fox LP, Geyer AS, Anyane-Yeboa K et al. (2005) Cutis verticis gyrata in a patient with Noonan syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 22(2):142–146
Savk O, Savk E (2005) Investigation of spinal pathology in notalgia paresthetica. J Am Acad Dermatol 52(6):1085–1087
Krupa Shankar DS, Shrestha S (2005) Relevance of patch testing in patients with nummular dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 71(6):406–408
Huerta Brogeras M, Sanchez-Viera M (2006) Exogenous ochronosis. J Drugs Dermatol 5(1):80–81
Okulicz JF, Shah RS, Schwartz RA, Janniger CK (2003) Oculocutaneous albinism. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17(3):251–256
Mevorah B, Goldberg I, Sprecher E et al. (2005) Olmsted syndrome: mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(5 Suppl 1):S266–S272
Udall DN (2007) Recent updates on onchocerciasis: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Infect Dis 44(1):53–60
Piraccini BM, Antonucci A, Rech G et al. (2007) Onychomatricoma: first description in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 24(1):46–48
Wenzel K, Saka B, Zimmermann R et al. (2003) Malignant conversion of florid oral and labial papillomatosis during topical immunotherapy with imiquimod. Med Microbiol Immunol 192(3):161–164
Ballanger F, Barbarot S, Mollat C et al. (2006) Two giant orf lesions in a heart/lung transplant patient. Eur J Dermatol 16(3):284–286
Thielen AM, Stucki L, Braun RP et al. (2006) Multiple cutaneous osteomas of the face associated with chronic inflammatory acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(3):321–326
Takenaka H, Yasuno H, Fukuda T et al. (2003) Widespread cutaneous oxalosis in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria. Br J Dermatol 149(5):1075
Sandobal C, Kuznietz A, Varizat A, Roverano S, Paira S (2007) Pachydermodactyly: four additional cases. Clin Rheumatol 26(6):962–964
Seyhan T, Ozerdem OR, Aliagaoglu C (2005) Severe complete pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine–Solente–Gole syndrome). Dermatol Surg 31(11 Pt 1):1465–1467
Leachman SA, Kaspar RL, Fleckman P et al. (2005) Clinical and pathological features of pachyonychia congenita. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 10(1):3–17
Steffen C (2005) Ketron-Goodman disease, Woringer-Kolopp disease, and pagetoid reticulosis. Am J Dermatopathol 27(1):68–85
Yamamoto T, Yokozeki H, Tsuboi R (2007) Koebner’s phenomenon associated with palmoplantar pustulosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(7):990–992
Requena L, Sanchez Yus E (2001) Panniculitis. Part II. Mostly lobular panniculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 45(3):325–361
Carlesimo M, Palese E, Mari E et al. (2006) Gloves and socks syndrome caused by parvovirus B19 infection. Dermatol Online J 12(6):19
Stibich AS, Schwartz RA (2001) Papular urticaria. Cutis 68(2):89–91
Martinez-Barranca ML, Munoz-Perez MA, Garcia-Morales I et al. (2005) Ofuji papuloerythroderma evolving to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(1):104–106
Akhras V, McCarthy G (2007) Papulonecrotic tuberculid in an HIV-positive patient. Int J STD AIDS 18(9):643–644
Pandhi D, Chowdhry S, Grover C et al. (2003) Parakeratosis pustulosa: a distinct but less familiar disease. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 69(1):48–50
Park GT, Lee JH, Yun SJ et al. (2007) Paraneoplastic pemphigus without an underlying neoplasm. Br J Dermatol 156(3):563–566
Vakeva L, Sarna S, Vaalasti A et al. (2005) A retrospective study of the probability of the evolution of parapsoriasis en plaques into mycosis fungoides. Acta Derm Venereol 85(4):318–323
Aydogan K, Karadogan SK, Tunali S et al. (2006) Narrowband UVB phototherapy for small plaque parapsoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(5):573–577
Luther J, Glesby MJ (2007) Dermatologic adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 8(4):221–233
White JM, Watson K, Arya R et al. (2003) Haemorrhagic bullae in a case of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Clin Exp Dermatol 28(5):504–505
Agrawal SK, Bhattacharya SN, Singh N (2004) Pearly penile papules: a review. Int J Dermatol 43(3):199–201
Ko CJ, Elston DM (2004) Pediculosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 50(1):1–12
Janjua SA, Hussain I, Khachemoune A (2007) Facial peeling skin syndrome: a case report and a brief review. Int J Dermatol 46(3):287–289
Hegyi J, Schwartz RA, Hegyi V (2004) Pellagra: dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. Int J Dermatol 43(1):1–5
Lamb PM, Abell E, Tharp M et al. (2006) Prodromal bullous pemphigoid. Int J Dermatol 45(3):209–214
Chan LS, Ahmed AR, Anhalt GJ (2002) The first international consensus on mucous membrane pemphigoid: definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenic factors, medical treatment, and prognostic indicators. Arch Dermatol 138(3):370–379
Al-Fouzan AW, Galadari I, Oumeish I et al. (2006) Herpes gestationis (pemphigoid gestationis). Clin Dermatol 24(2):109–112
Brenner S, Mashiah J, Tamir E et al. (2003) PEMPHIGUS: an acronym for a disease with multiple etiologies. Skinmed 2(3):163–167
Grando SA (2006) Pemphigus in the XXI century: new life to an old story. Autoimmunity 39(7):521–530
Scheinfeld NS, Howe KL, Costanzo DP di et al. (2003) Pemphigus erythematosus associated with anti-DNA antibodies and multiple anti-ENA antibodies: a case report. Cutis 71(4):303–306
Zaraa I, Mokni M, Hsairi M et al. (2007) Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus: Similar prognosis? Int J Dermatol 46(9):923–926
Aste N, Fumo G, Pinna AL et al. (2003) IgA pemphigus of the subcorneal pustular dermatosis type associated with monoclonal iga gammopathy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17(6):725–727
Markopoulos AK, Antoniades DZ, Zaraboukas T (2006) Pemphigus vegetans of the oral cavity. Int J Dermatol 45(4):425–428
Espana A, Fernandez S, del Olmo J et al. (2007) Ear, nose and throat manifestations in pemphigus vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 156(4):733–737
Lopes LC, Lobo L, Bajanca R (2003) Perforating calcific elastosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 17(2):206–207
Saray Y, Seckin D, Bilezikci B (2006) Acquired perforating dermatosis: clinicopathological features in twenty-two cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(6):679–688
Hafeez ZH (2003) Perioral dermatitis: an update. Int J Dermatol 42(7):514–517
McCleskey PE, Winter KJ, Devillez RL (2006) Tender papules on the hands. Idiopathic chilblains (perniosis). Arch Dermatol 142(11):1501–1506
Payne-James JJ, Munro MH, Rowland Payne CM (2007) Pseudosclerodermatous triad of perniosis, pulp atrophy and “parrot-beaked” clawing of the nails: a newly recognized syndrome of chronic crack cocaine use. J Forensic Leg Med 14(2):65–71
Heymann WR (2007) Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(3):513–514
Briganti A, Salonia A, Deho F et al. (2003) Peyronie’s disease: a review. Curr Opin Urol 13(5):417–422
Revankar SG (2006) Phaeohyphomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 20(3):609–620
Happle R (2005) Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis revisited and reclassified. Arch Dermatol 141(3):385–388
Stein KR, Scheinfeld NS (2007) Drug-induced photoallergic and phototoxic reactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf 6(4):431–443
Heath ML, Sidbury R (2006) Cutaneous manifestations of nutritional deficiency. Curr Opin Pediatr 18(4):417–422
Hazan C (2005) Piebaldism. Dermatol Online J 11(4):18
Kiken DA, Sekaran A, Antaya RJ et al. (2006) White piedra in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(6):956–961
Redbord KP, Adams BB (2006) Piezogenic pedal papules in a marathon runner. Clin J Sport Med 16(1):81–83
Magro CM, Schaefer JT, Crowson AN et al. (2007) Pigmented purpuric dermatosis: classification by phenotypic and molecular profiles. Am J Clin Pathol 128(2):218–229
Satyaprakash AK, Sheehan DJ, Sangueza OP (2007) Proliferating trichilemmal tumors: a review of the literature. Dermatol Surg 33(9):1102–1108
Camacho FM, Happle R, Tosti A et al. (2000) The different faces of pili bifurcati. A review. Eur J Dermatol 10(5):337–340
Lester L, Venditti C (2007) The prevalence of pili multigemini. Br J Dermatol 156(6):1362–1363
Richards KA, Mancini AJ (2002) Three members of a family with pili torti and sensorineural hearing loss: the Bjornstad syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 46(2):301–303
Kumaran N, Azmy A, Carachi R et al. (2006) Pilomatrixoma: accuracy of clinical diagnosis. J Pediatr Surg 41(10):1755–1758
Hull TL, Wu J (2002) Pilonidal disease. Surg Clin North Am 82(6):1169–1185
Farnsworth N, Rosen T (2006) Endemic treponematosis: review and update. Clin Dermatol 24(3):181–190
Lin RL, Janniger CK (2005) Pityriasis alba. Cutis 76(1):21–24
Abdel-Hamid IA, Agha SA, Moustafa YM et al. (2003) Pityriasis amiantacea: a clinical and etiopathologic study of 85 patients. Int J Dermatol 42(4):260–264
Khachemoune A, Blyumin ML (2007) Pityriasis lichenoides: pathophysiology, classification, and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 8(1):29–36
Atzori L, Pinna AL, Ferreli C et al. (2006) Pityriasis rosea-like adverse reaction: review of the literature and experience of an Italian drug-surveillance center. Dermatol Online J 12(1):1
Bernardin RM, Ritter SE, Murchland MR (2002) Papular pityriasis rosea. Cutis 70(1):51–55
Chuh A, Zawar V, Lee A (2005) Atypical presentations of pityriasis rosea: case presentations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(1):120–126
Hasson I, Shah P (2003) Pityriasis rotunda. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 69(1):50–51
Sehgal VN, Srivastava G (2006) (Juvenile) Pityriasis rubra pilaris. Int J Dermatol 45(4):438–446
Gupta AK, Batra R, Bluhm R et al. (2004) Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species. J Am Acad Dermatol 51(5):785–798
Prentice MB, Rahalison L (2007) Plague. Lancet 369(9568):1196–1207
Graells Estrada J, Garcia Fernandez D, Badia Torroella F et al. (2003) Familial plantar fibromatosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 28(6):669–670
Weyers W, Ende Y, Schalla W, Diaz-Cascajo C (2002) Balanitis of Zoon: a clinicopathologic study of 45 cases. Am J Dermatopathol 24(6):459–467
Bundow DL, Aboulafia DM (1997) Skin involvement with pneumocystis despite dapsone prophylaxis: a rare cause of skin nodules in a patient with AIDS. Am J Med Sci 313(3):182–186
Katoulis AC, Stavrianeas NG, Georgala S et al. (2005) Poikiloderma of Civatte: a clinical and epidemiological study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(4):444–448
Mcgovern TW, lawarre SR, Brunette C (2000) Is it, or isn’t it? Poison ivy look-a-likes. Am J Contact Dermat 11(2):104–110
Diaz-Perez JL, De Lagran ZM, Luis Diaz-Ramon J et al. (2007) Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. Semin Cutan Med Surg 26(2):77–86
Naleway AL, Greenlee RT, Melski JW (2006) Characteristics of diagnosed polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 22(4):205–207
Giorgi V de, Sestini S, Massi D et al. (2007) Eccrine porocarcinoma: a rare but sometimes fatal malignant neoplasm. Dermatol Surg 33(3):374–377
Kim C (2005) Linear porokeratosis. Dermatol Online J 11(4):22
Cambiaghi S, Gianotti R, Caputo R (2007) Widespread porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus along Blaschko lines. Pediatr Dermatol 24(2):162–167
Altamura D, Piccolo D, Lozzi GP, Peris K (2005) Eccrine poroma in an unusual site: a clinical and dermoscopic simulator of amelanotic melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 53(3):539–541
Norman RA (2005) Past and future: porphyria and porphyrins. Skinmed 4(5):287–292
Bari AU (2007) Congenital erythropoietic porphyria in three siblings. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 73(5):340–342
Sams H, Kiripolsky MG, Bhat L et al. (2004) Porphyria cutanea tarda, hepatitis C, alcoholism, and hemochromatosis: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis 73(3):188–190
Ruiz-Maldonado R, Orozco-Covarrubias ML (1997) Postinflammatory hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation. Semin Cutan Med Surg 16(1):36–43
Huang XY, Tay GS, Wansaicheong GK, Low WK (2007) Preauricular sinus: clinical course and associations. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 133(1):65–68
Jabbour SA (2003) Cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disorders: a guide for dermatologists. Am J Clin Dermatol 4(5):315–331
Mazereeuw–Hautier J, Wilson LC, Mohammed S et al. (2007) Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome: clinical findings in three patients carrying the G608G mutation in LMNA and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 156(6):1308–1314
Rasi A, Khatami A (2004) Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 43(8):588–590
Relyveld GN, Menke HE, Westerhof W (2007) Progressive macular hypomelanosis: an overview. Am J Clin Dermatol 8(1):13–19
Cabay RJ, Morton TH Jr, Epstein JB (2007) Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its progression to oral carcinoma: a review of the literature. J Oral Pathol Med 36(5):255–261
Biesecker LG, Happle R, Mulliken JB et al. (1999) Proteus syndrome: diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and patient evaluation. Am J Med Genet 84(5):389–395
Nguyen D, Turner JT, Olsen C et al. (2004) Cutaneous manifestations of proteus syndrome: correlations with general clinical severity. Arch Dermatol 140(8):947–953
Lass-Florl C, Mayr A (2007) Human protothecosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 20(2):230–242
Lee MR, Shumack S (2005) Prurigo nodularis: a review. Australas J Dermatol 46(4):211–218
Asgari M, Daneshpazhooh M, Chams Davatchi C et al. (2006) Prurigo pigmentosa: An underdiagnosed disease in patients of Iranian descent? J Am Acad Dermatol 55(1):131–136
Matz H, Orion E, Wolf R (2006) Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy: polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PUPPP). Clin Dermatol 24(2):105–108
Kauh YC, Knepp ME, Luscombe HA (1980) Pseudoatrophoderma colli. A familial case. Arch Dermatol 116(10):1181–1182
Ng W, Kikuchi Y, Chen X, Hira K et al. (2007) Pseudocysts of the auricle in a young adult with facial and ear atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(5):858–861
Child FJ, Kim BK, Ganesan R et al. (2000) Verrucous carcinoma arising in pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis, without evidence of human papillomavirus. Br J Dermatol 143(1):183–187
Perry PK, Cook-Bolden FE, Rahman Z et al. (2002) Defining pseudofolliculitis barbae in 2001: a review of the literature and current trends. J Am Acad Dermatol 46:S113–S119
Fiorillo L, Zucker M, Sawyer D, Lin AN (2001) The pseudomonas hot-foot syndrome. N Engl J Med 345(5):335–338
Tolland JP, Mckeown PP, Corbett JR (2007) Voriconazole-induced pseudoporphyria. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 23(1):29–31
Lebwohl M, Neldner K, Pope FM et al. (1994) Classification of pseudoxanthoma elasticum: report of a consensus conference. J Am Acad Dermatol 30:103–107
Griffiths CE, Barker JN (2007) Pathogenesis and clinical features of psoriasis. Lancet 370(9583):263–271
Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P et al. (2006) Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis Rheum 54(8):2665–2673
Carlson JA, Chen KR (2007) Cutaneous pseudovasculitis. Am J Dermatopathol 29(1):44–55
Akhyani M, Daneshpazhooh M, Ghandi N (2007) The association of pyoderma faciale and erythema nodosum. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(3):275–277
Ahmadi S, Powell FC (2005) Pyoderma gangrenosum: uncommon presentations. Clin Dermatol 23(6):612–620
Deroo M, Eeckhout I, Naeyaert JM (1997) Eruptive satellite vascular malformations after removal of a melanocytic naevus. Br J Dermatol 137(2):292–295
Hegarty AM, Barrett AW, Scully C (2004) Pyostomatitis vegetans. Clin Exp Dermatol 29(1):1–7
Friedli A, Saurat JH (2004) Images in clinical medicine. Oculo-orogenital syndrome: a deficiency of vitamins B2 and B6. N Engl J Med 350(11):1130
Franchi A, Massi D, Gallo O et al. (2006) Radiation-induced cutaneous carcinoma of the head and neck: Is there an early role for p53 mutations? Clin Exp Dermatol 31(6):793–798
Chidzonga MM, Mahomva L (2007) Ranula: experience with 83 cases in Zimbabwe. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65(1):79–82
Elliott SP (2007) Rat-bite fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis. Clin Microbiol Rev 20(1):13–22
Pope JE (2007) The diagnosis and treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon: a practical approach. Drugs 67(4):517–525
Leroy EC, Medsger TA Jr (1992) Raynaud’s phenomenon: a proposal for classification. Clin Exp Rheumatol 10(5):485–488
Kirke S, Angus B, Kesteven PJ, Calonje E, Simpson N (2007) Localized reactive angioendotheliomatosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(1):45–47
Schneider JM, Matthews JH, Graham BS (2003) Reiter’s syndrome. Cutis 71(3):198–200
Ramesh V, Sood N, Kubba A et al. (2007) Familial reactive perforating collagenosis: a clinical, histopathological study of 10 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(6):766–770
Horn MA, van den Brink DM, Wanders RJ et al. (2007) Phenotype of adult Refsum disease due to a defect in peroxin 7. Neurology 68(9):698–700
McGinley-Smith DE, Tsao SS (2003) Dermatoses from ticks. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(3):363–392
McAdam LP, O’Hanlan MA, Bluestone R, Pearson CM (1976) Relapsing polychondritis: prospective study of 23 patients and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 55(3):193–215
Rapini RP, Warner NB (2006) Relapsing polychondritis. Clin Dermatol 24(6):482–485
Adamski H, Le Gall F, Chevrant-Breton J (2004) Positive photobiological investigation in reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 20(5):235–238
Al Hawsawi K, Al Aboud K, Alfadley A et al. (2002) Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura–Dowling Degos disease overlap: a case report. Int J Dermatol 41(8):518–520
Miettinen M, Fetsch JF (2006) Reticulohistiocytoma (solitary epithelioid histiocytoma): a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 44 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 30(4):521–528
Rosenberg AS, Kirk J, Morgan MB (2002) Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma: an unusual dermal entity with a report of two cases and a review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 29(4):238–243
Brecher AR, Reyes-Mugica M, Kamino H et al. (2003) Congenital primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in a neonate. Pediatr Dermatol 20(4):335–338
Bevin AA, Steger J, Mannino S (2006) Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis. Cutis 78(2):133–136
Powell FC (2005) Clinical practice. Rosacea. N Engl J Med 352(8):793–803
Fernandez-Vozmediano JM, Armario Hita JC et al. (2004) Rhinoscleroma in three siblings. Pediatr Dermatol 21(2):134–138
Ghorpade A (2006) Polymorphic cutaneous rhinosporidiosis. Eur J Dermatol 16(2):190–192
Walker DH (2007) Rickettsiae and rickettsial infections: the current state of knowledge. Clin Infect Dis 45 (Suppl 1):S39–S44
Ebihara T, Nakayama H (1997) Pigmented contact dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 15(4):593–599
Lacz NL, Schwartz RA, Kapila R (2006) Rocky Mountain spotted fever. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(4):411–417
Frater JL, Maddox JS, Obadiah JM et al. (2006) Cutaneous Rosai–Dorfman disease: comprehensive review of cases reported in the medical literature since 1990 and presentation of an illustrative case. J Cutan Med Surg 10(6):281–290
Dyer JA (2007) Childhood viral exanthems. Pediatr Ann 36(1):21–29
Kumar P, Sharma PK, Gautam RK et al. (2007) Late-onset Rothmund–Thomson syndrome. Int J Dermatol 46(5):492–493
Carneiro SC, Cestari T, Allen SH et al. (2007) Viral exanthems in the tropics. Clin Dermatol 25(2):212–220
Fernandez-Faith E, McDonnell J (2007) Cutaneous sarcoidosis: differential diagnosis.Clin Dermatol 25(3):276–287
Hengge UR, Currie BJ, Jager G et al. (2006) Scabies: a ubiquitous neglected skin disease. Lancet Infect Dis 6(12):769–779
Aber C, Alvarez Connelly E, Schachner LA (2007) Fever and rash in a child: When to worry? Pediatr Ann 36(1):30–38
Almerigogna F, Giudizi MG, Cappelli F et al. (2002) Schnitzler’s syndrome: What’s new? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 16(3):214–219
Beers WH, Ince A, Moore TL (2006) Scleredema adultorum of Buschke: a case report and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 35(6):355–359
Battin M, Harding J, Gunn A (2002) Sclerema neonatorum following hypothermia. J Paediatr Child Health 38(5):533–534
Rongioletti F, Rebora A (2001) Updated classification of papular mucinosis, lichen myxedematosus, and scleromyxedema. J Am Acad Dermatol 44(2):273–281
Mori Y, Kahari VM, Varga J (2002) Scleroderma-like cutaneous syndromes. Curr Rheumatol Rep 4(2):113–122
Zargari O (2006) The prevalence and significance of fissured tongue and geographical tongue in psoriatic patients. Clin Exp Dermatol 31(2):192–195
Heymann WR (2007) Scurvy in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(2):358–359
Segura-Puertas L, Ramos ME, Aramburo C et al. (2001) One Linuche mystery solved: all 3 stages of the coronate scyphomedusa Linuche unguiculata cause seabather’s eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 44(4):624–628
Singh AD, Mudhar HS, Bhola R et al. (2005) Sebaceous adenoma of the eyelid in Muir–Torre syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 123(4):562–565
Tan O, Ergen D, Arslan R (2006) Sebaceous carcinoma on the scalp. Dermatol Surg 32(10):1290–1293
Salim A, Reece SM, Smith AG et al. (2006) Sebaceous hyperplasia and skin cancer in patients undergoing renal transplant. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(5):878–881
Schwartz RA, Janusz CA, Janniger CK (2006) Seborrheic dermatitis: an overview. Am Fam Physician 74(1):125–130
Duque MI, Jordan JR, Fleischer AB Jr et al. (2003) Frequency of seborrheic keratosis biopsies in the United States: a benchmark of skin lesion care quality and cost effectiveness. Dermatol Surg 29(8):796–801
Yerushalmi J, Zvulunov A, Halevy S (2002) Serum sickness-like reactions. Cutis 69(5):395–397
Buckley RH (2004) The multiple causes of human SCID. J Clin Invest 114(10):1409–1411
Vonderheid EC, Bernengo MG, Burg G et al. (2002) Update on erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: report of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 46(1):95–106
Sheu M, Fauteux G, Chang H et al. (2002) Sinus pericranii: dermatologic considerations and literature review. J Am Acad Dermatol 46(6):934–941
Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R et al. (2002) Classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American–European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis 61(6):554–558
Alio AB, Bird LM, McClellan SD et al. (2006) Sjogren–Larsson syndrome: a case report and literature review. Cutis 78(1):61–65
Moore ZS, Seward JF, Lane JM (2006) Smallpox. Lancet 367(9508):425–435
Morales-Callaghan A, Vila JB, Cardenal EA, Bernier MA, Fraile HA, Miranda-Romero A (2005) Acquired cutaneous smooth muscle hamartoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(1):142–143
Heras JA, Jimenez F, Soguero ML et al. (2007) Bullous solar elastosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(3):272–274
Requena L, Sangueza OP (1997) Cutaneous vascular anomalies. Part I. Hamartomas, malformations, and dilation of preexisting vessels. J Am Acad Dermatol 37(4):523–549
Sulit DJ, Guardiano RA, Krivda S (2007) Classic and atypical Spitz nevi: review of the literature. Cutis 79(2):141–146
Ramos-e-Silva M, Vasconcelos C, Carneiro S et al. (2007) Sporotrichosis. Clin Dermatol 25(2):181–187
Cassarino DS, Derienzo DP, Barr RJ (2006) Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive clinicopathologic classification. J Cutan Pathol 33(3):191–206
Barron GS, Jacob SE, Kirsner RS (2007) Dermatologic complications of chronic venous disease: medical management and beyond. Ann Vasc Surg 21(5):652–662
Chu DH (2003) Steatocystoma multiplex. Dermatol Online J 9(4):18
Pereira FA, Mudgil AV, Rosmarin DM (2007) Toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(2):181–200
Taybos G (2003) Oral changes associated with tobacco use. Am J Med Sci 326(4):179–182
Herbst R (2003) Perineal streptococcal dermatitis/disease: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 4(8):555–560
Yosipovitch G, Devore A, Dawn A (2007) Obesity and the skin: skin physiology and skin manifestations of obesity. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(6):901–916
Stockfleth E, Rowert J, Arndt R et al. (2000) Detection of human papillomavirus and response to topical 5% imiquimod in a case of stucco keratosis. Br J Dermatol 143(4):846–850
Iobst W, Ingraham K (2005) Sneddon–Wilkinson disease in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 52(12):3771
Mahe E, Girszyn N, Hadj-Rabia S et al. (2007) Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: a systematic evaluation of risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications and outcome of 16 children. Br J Dermatol 156(4):709–715
Juzych LA, Nordby CA (2001) Subepidermal calcified nodule. Pediatr Dermatol 18(3):238–240
Hazarey VK, Erlewad DM, Mundhe KA et al. (2007) Oral submucous fibrosis: study of 1000 cases from central India. J Oral Pathol Med 36(1):12–17
Guarneri C, Guarneri F, Risitano G et al. (2005) Solitary asymptomatic nodule of the great toe. Int J Dermatol 44(3):245–247
Suga H, Mukouda M (2005) Subungual exostosis: a review of 16 cases focusing on postoperative deformity of the nail. Ann Plast Surg 55(3):272–275
Leber GE, Gosain AK (2003) Surgical excision of pedunculated supernumerary digits prevents traumatic amputation neuromas. Pediatr Dermatol 20(2):108–112
Brown J, Schwartz RA (2004) Supernumerary nipples and renal malformations: a family study. J Cutan Med Surg 8(3):170–172
Neoh CY, Tan AW, Ng SK (2007) Sweet’s syndrome: a spectrum of unusual clinical presentations and associations. Br J Dermatol 156(3):480–485
Folster-Holst R, Disko R, Rowert J et al. (2001) Cercarial dermatitis contracted via contact with an aquarium: case report and review. Br J Dermatol 145(4):638–640
Lautenschlager S (2006) Cutaneous manifestations of syphilis: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 7(5):291–304
Lugo A, Sanchez S, Sanchez JL (2006) Congenital syphilis. Pediatr Dermatol 23(2):121–123
Laxmisha C, Thappa DM, Mishra MM et al. (2007) Linear syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the scalp. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(2):275–276
Kawaguchi M, Takeda H, Mitsuhashi Y et al. (2003) Eccrine syringofibroadenoma with diffuse plantar hyperkeratosis. Br J Dermatol 149(4):885–886
Teixeira M, Ferreira M, Machado S et al. (2005) Eruptive syringomas. Dermatol Online J 11(3):34
Kim DM, Won KJ, Park CY et al. (2007) Distribution of eschars on the body of scrub typhus patients: a prospective study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76(5):806–809
Mailler-Savage EA, Adams BB (2006) Skin manifestations of running. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(2):290–301
Morales-Callaghan AM, Martinez-Garcia G, Aragoneses-Fraile H et al. (2007) Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma: clinical and dermoscopical findings. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(2):267–269
Blume JE (2005) Generalized essential telangiectasia: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis 75(4):223–224
Nguyen NQ (2004) Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans. Dermatol Online J 10(3):1
Sharma VK, Khandpur S (2006) Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia: response to pulsed dye laser. Int J Dermatol 45(8):960–964
Harrison S, Sinclair R (2002) Telogen effluvium. Clin Exp Dermatol 27(5):389–395
Fiorentino DF (2003) Cutaneous vasculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 48(3):311–340
Elmer KB, George RM (2002) Congenital triangular alopecia: a case report and review. Cutis 69(4):255–256
Browning J, Rosen T (2005) Terra firma–forme dermatosis revisited. Dermatol Online J 11(2):15
Olin JW, Shih A (2006) Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease). Curr Opin Rheumatol 18(1):18–24
Luis Rodriguez-Peralto J, Carrillo R, Rosales B et al. (2007) Superficial thrombophlebitis. Semin Cutan Med Surg 26(2):71–76
Acierno SP, Waldhausen JH (2007) Congenital cervical cysts, sinuses and fistulae. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 40(1):161–176, vii–viii
Maeda M, Nakashima T, Satho M et al. (2002) Tinea barbae due to Trichophyton verrucosum. Eur J Dermatol 12(3):272–274
Seebacher C, Abeck D, Brasch J et al. (2007) Tinea capitis: ringworm of the scalp. Mycoses 50(3):218–226
Ziemer M, Seyfarth F, Elsner P, Hipler UC (2007) Atypical manifestations of tinea corporis. Mycoses 50 (Suppl 2):31–35
Lin RL, Szepietowski JC, Schwartz RA (2004) Tinea faciei, an often deceptive facial eruption. Int J Dermatol 43(6):437–440
Romano C, Maritati E, Gianni C (2006) Tinea incognito in Italy: a 15-year survey. Mycoses 49(5):383–387
Aste N, Pau M, Aste N (2005) Tinea manuum bullosa. Mycoses 48(1):80–81
Gupta AK, Chaudhry M, Elewski B (2003) Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea nigra, and piedra. Dermatol Clin 21(3):395–400
Ecemis T, Degerli K, Aktas E et al. (2006) The necessity of culture for the diagnosis of tinea pedis. Am J Med Sci 331(2):88–90
Scher RK, Tavakkol A, Sigurgeirsson B (2007) Onychomycosis: diagnosis and definition of cure. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(6):939–944
Crowson AN, Magro CM (2003) Atrophying tinea versicolor: a clinical and histological study of 12 patients. Int J Dermatol 42(12):928–932
Herzer CM (2001) Toxic shock syndrome: broadening the differential diagnosis. J Am Board Fam Pract 14(2):131–136
Nelson C (2004) Early recognition and treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 17(4): 289–292
Hantash BM, Schwartz RA (2003) Traction alopecia in children. Cutis 71(1):18–20
Jansen T, Romiti R, Altmeyer P (2000) Accessory tragus: report of two cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 17(5):391–394
Mengesha YM, Bennett ML (2002) Pustular skin disorders: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 3(6):389–400
Kang MJ, Kim MY, Kim YJ et al. (2007) Traumatic tattoo associated with jet injector (Dermojet) use. J Dermatol 34(10):732–733
Brouqui P, Raoult D (2006) Arthropod-borne diseases in homeless. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078:223–235
Kurokawa I, Nishijima S, Kusumoto K et al. (2003) Trichilemmoma: an immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins. Br J Dermatol 149(1):99–104
Pozio E, Gomez Morales MA, Dupouy-Camet J (2003) Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of trichinellosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 1(3):471–482
Collins GL, Somach S, Morgan MB (2006) CD-34-reactive trichodiscoma. J Cutan Pathol 33(10):709
Kim C, Kovich OI, Dosik J (2007) Brooke–Spiegler syndrome. Dermatol Online J 13(1):10
Kurokawa I, Kusumoto K, Sensaki H et al. (2003) Trichofolliculoma: case report with immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins. Br J Dermatol 148(3):597–598
Im M, Kye KC, Seo YJ et al. (2006) Central trichoptilosis with onycholysis. Int J Dermatol 45(10):1187–1188
Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN (2007) Trichorrhexis nodosa revisited. Skinmed 6(2):57–58
Strobos MA, Jonkman MF (2002) Trichostasis spinulosa: itchy follicular papules in young adults. Int J Dermatol 41(10):643–646
Itin PH, Sarasin A, Pittelkow MR (2001) Trichothiodystrophy: update on the sulfur-deficient brittle hair syndromes. J Am Acad Dermatol 44(6):891–920
Hautmann G, Hercogova J, Lotti T (2002) Trichotillomania. J Am Acad Dermatol 46(6):807–821
Setyadi HG, Cohen PR, Schulze KE et al (2007) Trigeminal trophic syndrome. South Med J 100(1):43–48
Robinson DC, Adriaans B, Hay RJ et al. (1988) The clinical and epidemiologic features of tropical ulcer (tropical phagedenic ulcer). Int J Dermatol (1):49–53
Maudlin I (2006) African trypanosomiasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 100(8):679–701
Teixeira AR, Nitz N, Guimaro MC et al. (2006) Chagas disease. Postgrad Med J 82(974):788–798
Bravo FG, Gotuzzo E (2007) Cutaneous tuberculosis. Clin Dermatol 25(2):173–180
Roach ES, Gomez MR, Northrup H (1998) Tuberous sclerosis complex consensus conference: revised clinical diagnostic criteria. J Child Neurol 13(12): 624–628
Schwartz RA, Fernandez G, Kotulska K et al. (2007) Tuberous sclerosis complex: advances in diagnosis, genetics, and management. J Am Acad Dermatol 57(2):189–202
Kamath GH, Bhat RM, Kumar S (2005) Tufted angioma. Int J Dermatol 44(12):1045–1047
Tarnvik A, Chu MC (2007) New approaches to diagnosis and therapy of tularemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1105:378–404
Cheng AC, Chang YL, Wu YY et al. (2004) Multiple tumors of the follicular infundibulum. Dermatol Surg 30(9):1246–1248
Cestari TF, Pessato S, Ramos-e-Silva M (2007) Tungiasis and myiasis. Clin Dermatol 25(2):158–164
Elston DM (2005) Rickettsial skin disease: uncommon presentations. Clin Dermatol 23(6):541–544
Rajagopal R, Khati C, Vasdev V, Trehan A (2003) Scrub typhus: a case report. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 69(6):413–415
Jarell AD, Hall MA, Sperling LC (2007) Uncombable hair syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 24(4):436–438
McCuaig CC, Russo P, Powell J et al. (1996) Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem. A clinicopathologic study of forty-eight patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 34(6):979–984
Zuberbier T, Maurer M (2007) Urticaria: current opinions about etiology, diagnosis and therapy. Acta Derm Venereol 87(3):196–205
Bourrain JL (2006) Occupational contact urticaria. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 30(1):39–46
Beattie PE, Dawe RS, Ibbotson SH et al. (2003) Characteristics and prognosis of idiopathic solar urticaria: a cohort of 87 cases. Arch Dermatol 139(9):1149–1154
Kossard S, Hamann I, Wilkinson B (2006) Defining urticarial dermatitis: a subset of dermal hypersensitivity reaction pattern. Arch Dermatol 142(1):29–34
See Lee JS, Loh TH, Seow SC et al. (2007) Prolonged urticaria with purpura: the spectrum of clinical and histopathologic features in a prospective series of 22 patients exhibiting the clinical features of urticarial vasculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(6):994–100
McCrary ML, Severson J, Tyring SK (1999) Varicella zoster virus. J Am Acad Dermatol 41(1):1–14
Carlson JA, Chen KR (2006) Cutaneous vasculitis update: small vessel neutrophilic vasculitis syndromes. Am J Dermatopathol 28(6):486–506
Garzon MC, Huang JT, Enjolras O et al. (2007) Vascular malformations: Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 56(3):353–370
Lozzi GP, Peris K (2007) Carcinoma cuniculatum. Can Med Assoc J 177(3):249–251
Ralph A, Currie BJ (2007) Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus necrotizing fasciitis in fishermen visiting an estuarine tropical northern Australian location. J Infect 54(3):e111–e114
Sehgal VN, Srivastava G (2007) Vitiligo: compendium of clinico-epidemiological features. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 73(3):149–156
Read RW, Holland GN, Rao NA et al. (2001) Revised diagnostic criteria for Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease: report of an international committee on nomenclature. Am J Ophthalmol 131:647–652
Ul Bari A (2006) Keratoderma hereditarium mutilans (Vohwinkel syndrome) in three siblings. Dermatol Online J 12(7):10
Karaman A, Aliagaoglu C (2006) Waardenburg syndrome type 1. Dermatol Online J 12(3):21
Jones A, Walling H (2007) Retiform purpura in plaques: a morphological approach to diagnosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 32(5):596–602
Dalmau J, Abellaneda C, Puig S, Zaballos P, Malvehy J (2006) Acral melanoma simulating warts: dermoscopic clues to prevent missing a melanoma. Dermatol Surg 32(8):1072–1078
Kaddu S, Dong H, Mayer G et al. (2002) Warty dyskeratoma–“follicular dyskeratoma”: analysis of clinicopathologic features of a distinctive follicular adnexal neoplasm. J Am Acad Dermatol 47(3):423–428
Kennedy C (2005) Weathering nodules are not the same as elastotic nodules. J Am Acad Dermatol 52:925–926
Mohaghegh P, Hickson ID (2001) DNA helicase deficiencies associated with cancer predisposition and premature ageing disorders. Hum Molec Genet 10:741–746
Martelli H Jr, Pereira S, Rocha T et al. (2007) White sponge nevus: report of a three-generation family. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 103(1):43–47
Notarangelo LD, Mori L (2005) Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome: another piece in the puzzle. Clin Exp Immunol 139(2):173–175
Kumaran S, Dogra S, Handa S, Kanwar AJ (2004) Woolly-hair nevus. Pediatr Dermatol 21(5):609–610
Sopena J, Gamo R, Iglesias L, Rodriguez-Peralto JL (2004) Disseminated verruciform xanthoma. Br J Dermatol 151(3):717–719
Buyukavci M, Selimoglu A, Yildirim U et al. (2005) Xanthoma disseminatum with hepatic involvement in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 22(6):550–553
Lichon V, Khachemoune A (2007) Xeroderma pigmentosum: beyond skin cancer. J Drugs Dermatol 6(3):281–288
Trachea D, Read CP, Hull D et al. (2007) A severely affected female infant with X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata: a case report and a brief review of the literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007 10(2):142–148
Anderson RC, Zinn AR, Kim J et al. (2005) X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder with systemic manifestations: report of a third family and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol 22(2):122–126
Hoque SR, Mansour S, Mortimer PS (2007) Yellow nail syndrome: Not a genetic ?disorder? Eleven new cases and a review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 156(6):1230–1234
Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL et al. (2005) Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis 41(5):634–653 Epub
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2008). The Diagnosis. In: Differential Diagnosis for the Dermatologist. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75887-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75887-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75886-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75887-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)