Abstract
Automata on infinite objects were the key to the solution of several fundamental decision problems in mathematics and logic. Today, automata on infinite objects are used for formal specification and verification of reactive systems. The practical importance of automata in formal methods has motivated a re-examination of the blow up that translations among different types of automata involve. For most translations, the situation is satisfying, in the sense that even if there is a gap between the upper and the lower bound, it is small. For some highly practical cases, however, the gap between the upper and the lower bound is exponential or even larger. The article surveys several such frustrating cases, studies features that they share, and describes recent efforts (with partial success) to close the gaps.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alpern, B., Schneider, F.B.: Defining liveness. IPL 21, 181–185 (1985)
Aminof, B., Kupferman, O.: On the succinctness of nondeterminizm. In: Graf, S., Zhang, W. (eds.) ATVA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4218, pp. 125–140. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Büchi, J.R.: On a decision method in restricted second order arithmetic. In: Proc. Int. Congress on Logic, Method, and Philosophy of Science. 1960, pp. 1–12. Stanford University Press (1962)
Burch, J.R., Clarke, E.M., McMillan, K.L., Dill, D.L., Hwang, L.J.: Symbolic model checking: 1020 states and beyond. I&C 98(2), 142–170 (1992)
Clarke, E.M., Grumberg, O., Peled, D.: Model Checking. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)
Courcoubetis, C., Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P., Yannakakis, M.: Memory efficient algorithms for the verification of temporal properties. FMSD 1, 275–288 (1992)
Eisner, C., Fisman, D.: A Practical Introduction to PSL. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Emerson, A.E., Sistla, A.P.: Deciding full branching time logics. I&C 61(3), 175–201 (1984)
Emerson, E.A.: Alternative semantics for temporal logics. TCS 26, 121–130 (1983)
Emerson, E.A., Jutla, C.: The complexity of tree automata and logics of programs. In: Proc. 29th FOCS, pp. 328–337 (1988)
Friedgut, E., Kupferman, O., Vardi, M.Y.: Büchi complementation made tighter. In: Wang, F. (ed.) ATVA 2004. LNCS, vol. 3299, pp. 64–78. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Gerth, R., Peled, D., Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P.: Simple on-the-fly automatic verification of linear temporal logic. In: Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification, pp. 3–18. Chapman & Hall, Sydney, Australia (1995)
Krishnan, S.C., Puri, A., Brayton, R.K.: Deterministic ω-automata vis-a-vis deterministic Büchi automata. In: Du, D.-Z., Zhang, X.-S. (eds.) ISAAC 1994. LNCS, vol. 834, pp. 378–386. Springer, Heidelberg (1994)
Kupferman, O., Lampert, R.: On the construction of fine automata for safety properties. In: Graf, S., Zhang, W. (eds.) ATVA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4218, pp. 110–124. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Kupferman, O., Morgenstern, G., Murano, A.: Typeness for ω-regular automata. In: Wang, F. (ed.) ATVA 2004. LNCS, vol. 3299, pp. 324–338. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Kupferman, O., Vardi, M.Y.: Model checking of safety properties. FMSD 19(3), 291–314 (2001)
Kupferman, O., Vardi, M.Y.: From linear time to branching time. ACM TOCL 6(2), 273–294 (2005)
Kupferman, O., Vardi, M.Y.: Safraless decision procedures. In: Proc. 46th FOCS, pp. 531–540 (2005)
Kurshan, R.P.: Computer Aided Verification of Coordinating Processes. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton (1994)
Lamport, L.: Logical foundation. In: Alford, M.W., Hommel, G., Schneider, F.B., Ansart, J.P., Lamport, L., Mullery, G.P., Liskov, B. (eds.) Distributed Systems. LNCS, vol. 190, Springer, Heidelberg (1985)
Landweber, L.H.: Decision problems for ω–automata. Mathematical Systems Theory 3, 376–384 (1969)
Lichtenstein, O., Pnueli, A.: Checking that finite state concurrent programs satisfy their linear specification. In: Proc. 12th POPL, pp. 97–107 (1985)
Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems: Specification. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)
Manna, Z., Pnueli, A.: The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems: Safety. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)
McNaughton, R.: Testing and generating infinite sequences by a finite automaton. I&C 9, 521–530 (1966)
Meyer, A.R.: Weak monadic second order theory of successor is not elementary recursive. In: AUSCRYPT 1990. LNM 453, pp. 132–154. Springer, Heidelberg (1975)
Meyer, A.R., Fischer, M.J.: Economy of description by automata, grammars, and formal systems. In: Proc. 12th SWAT, pp. 188–191 (1971)
Michel, M.: Complementation is more difficult with automata on infinite words. CNET, Paris (1988)
Pnueli, A.: The temporal semantics of concurrent programs. TCS 13, 45–60 (1981)
Pnueli, A., Rosner, R.: On the synthesis of a reactive module. In: Proc. 16th POPL, pp. 179–190 (1989)
Rabin, M.O.: Decidability of second order theories and automata on infinite trees. Transaction of the AMS 141, 1–35 (1969)
Ravi, K., Bloem, R., Somenzi, F.: A comparative study of symbolic algorithms for the computation of fair cycles. In: Johnson, S.D., Hunt Jr., W.A. (eds.) FMCAD 2000. LNCS, vol. 1954, pp. 143–160. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
Safra, S.: On the complexity of ω-automata. In: Proc. 29th FOCS, pp. 319–327 (1988)
Sistla, A.P.: Safety, liveness and fairness in temporal logic. Formal Aspects of Computing 6, 495–511 (1994)
Sistla, A.P., Clarke, E.M.: The complexity of propositional linear temporal logic. JACM 32, 733–749 (1985)
Sistla, A.P., Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P.: The complementation problem for Büchi automata with applications to temporal logic. In: Brauer, W. (ed.) Automata, Languages and Programming. LNCS, vol. 194, pp. 465–474. Springer, Heidelberg (1985)
Street, R.S., Emerson, E.A.: An elementary decision procedure for the μ-calculus. In: Paredaens, J. (ed.) Automata, Languages, and Programming. LNCS, vol. 172, pp. 465–472. Springer, Heidelberg (1984)
Touati, H.J., Brayton, R.K., Kurshan, R.: Testing language containment for ω-automata using BDD’s. I&C 118(1), 101–109 (1995)
Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P.: An automata-theoretic approach to automatic program verification. In: Proc. 1st LICS, pp. 332–344 (1986)
Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P.: Automata-theoretic techniques for modal logics of programs. JCSS 32(2), 182–221 (1986)
Vardi, M.Y., Wolper, P.: Reasoning about infinite computations. I&C 115(1), 1–37 (1994)
Wilke, T.: CTL +  is exponentially more succinct than CTL. In: Pandu Rangan, C., Raman, V., Ramanujam, R. (eds.) Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science. LNCS, vol. 1738, pp. 110–121. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
Wolper, P., Vardi, M.Y., Sistla, A.P.: Reasoning about infinite computation paths. In: Proc. 24th FOCS, pp. 185–194 (1983)
Yan, Q.: Lower bounds for complementation of ω-automata via the full automata technique. In: Bugliesi, M., Preneel, B., Sassone, V., Wegener, I. (eds.) ICALP 2006. LNCS, vol. 4052, pp. 589–600. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kupferman, O. (2007). Tightening the Exchange Rates Between Automata. In: Duparc, J., Henzinger, T.A. (eds) Computer Science Logic. CSL 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4646. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74915-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74915-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74914-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74915-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)