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Role of the Foredeep Evaporites in Wedge Tectonics and Formation of Triangle Zones: Comparison of the Carpathian and Pyrenean Thrust Fronts

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Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins

Part of the book series: Frontiers in Earth Sciences ((FRONTIERS))

Abstract

Syntectonic evaporitic levels within foredeep basin play an important role during the last stages of development of fold-and-thrust belts. These evaporites easily transmit tectonic stresses acting as preferred detachment levels. Both within the Spanish Pyrenees as well as within the Polish Carpathians syntectonic evaporites developed in their foredeep basins that controlled final stages of thrusting within the orogenic wedges. Within the SE frontal Pyrenees, thick and laterally extent evaporites of the Cardona and Barbastro formations controlled the position of ramps and backthrusts as well as of triangle zones developed within the Ebro basin. Overlap zones of successive evaporitic levels defined the location of anticlines on the hangingwall of thrust ramps, whereas the external pinch outs of the uppermost evaporitic level define the position of backthrusts. Frontal Polish Carpathian orogenic wedge including a zone of deformed Miocene foredeep sediments (the Zgłobice unit) is also characterized by the presence of Middle Miocene foredeep evaporites, that strongly influenced Miocene stages of the Carpathian thrusting. In the Tarnów area, where foredeep evaporites are thinner and consist mainly of anhydrite, a triangle zone developed within the Zgłobice unit between the north-directed frontal thrust of the flysch (pre-Miocene) Outer Carpathians and the south-directed backthrust related to the Miocene anhydritic layer. The tip point of this triangle zone may have been controlled either by location of a zone of rapid thinning of anhydrites above the northern slope of the pre-Miocene erosional paleovalley, or by an overlap zone of two anhydritic units above this slope. The Zgłobice unit in the Wieliczka area is characterized by a system of north-directed tectonic slices carrying thick rock salt interlayered by siliciclastics. The Wieliczka triangle zone might have formed where lateral changes of evaporitic facies occurred at the transition from thick rock salt to thinner anhydrite facies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polish Geological Institute, ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975, Warsaw, Poland

    Piotr Krzywiec

  2. Group of Dynamics of the Lithosphere, Institute of Earth Sciences “Jaume Almera”, CSIC, Lluís Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Jaume Vergés

Authors
  1. Piotr Krzywiec
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  2. Jaume Vergés
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Tectonique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Aile 45-46, Niveau 2, Case 129 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France

    Olivier Lacombe

  2. Institut Français du Pétrole, 1-4 Avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852, Rueil-Malmaison, France

    François Roure

  3. Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaînes Alpines, Université J. Fourier Maison de Géosciences, 1381 rue de la piscine, 38400, St-Martin-d’Hères, France

    Jérôme Lavé

  4. Institut Ciencies de la Tierra Jaume Almera, Cons. Sup. Invest. Cientificas, Calle Lluís Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Jaume Vergés

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Krzywiec, P., Vergés, J. (2007). Role of the Foredeep Evaporites in Wedge Tectonics and Formation of Triangle Zones: Comparison of the Carpathian and Pyrenean Thrust Fronts. In: Lacombe, O., Roure, F., Lavé, J., Vergés, J. (eds) Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins. Frontiers in Earth Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69426-7_20

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