Skip to main content

Etiopathogenesis

  • Chapter
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Abstract

The primary cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by median nerve compression inside the carpal canal. This compression is verified by phenomenon linked to an increase in internal carpal canal pressure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Yamaguchi DM, Lipscomb PR, Soule EH (1965) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Minn Med 48 22–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Phalen GS (1966) The carpal-tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg 48A 211–228

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cseuz KA, Thomas JE, Lambert EH et al. (1966) Long-term results of operation for carpal tunnel syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 41: 232–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Maxwell JA, Reckling FW, Kelly CR (1973) Carpal tunnel syndrome: a review of cases treated surgically. J KansasMed Soc 74: 190–193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hybbinette CH, Mannerfelt L (1975) The carpal tunnel syndrome. Acta Orthop Scand. 46: 610–620

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Fuchs PC, Nathan PA, Myers LD (1991) Synovial histology in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg 16A: 753–758

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kerr CD, Sybert DR, Albarracin NS (1992) An analysis of the flexor synovium in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome: report of 625 cases. J Hand Surg 17A: 1028–1030

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dekel S, Papaioannou T, Rushworth G (1980) Idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome caused by carpal stenosis. BrMed J 280: 1297–1299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gelberman RH, Hergenroeder PT, Hargens AR et al. (1981) The carpal tunnel syndrome. A study of carpal canal pressures. J Bone Joint Surg 63A, 380–383

    Google Scholar 

  10. Werner CO, Elmquist D, Ohlin P (1983) Pressure and nerve lesion in the carpal tunnel. Acta Orthop Scand 54, 312–316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gelberman RH, Szabo RM, Motensen WW (1984) Carpal tunnel pressure and wrist position in patients with Colles’ fractures. J Trauma 24, 747–749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Szabo RM, Gelberman RH (1987) The pathophysiology of nerve entrapment syndromes. J Hand Surg 12A, 880–884

    Google Scholar 

  13. Luchetti R, Schoenhuber R, DeCicco G et al. (1989) Carpaltunnel pressure. Acta Orthop Scand 60(4), 397–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rempel D, Manojlovic R, Levisohn DG et al. (1994) The effect of wearing a flexible wrist splint on carpal tunnel pressure during repetitive hand activity. J Hand Surg 19A, 106–110

    Google Scholar 

  15. Weiss ND, Gordon L, Bloom T et al. (1995) Position of the wrist associated with the lowest carpal-tunnel pressure: implication for splinting design. J Bone Joint Surg 77-A,11, 1695–1699

    Google Scholar 

  16. Luchetti R, Schoenhuber R, Nathan P (1998) Correlation of segmental carpal tunnel pressures with changes in hand and wrist positions in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and controls. J Hand Surg 23B: 5: 598–602

    Google Scholar 

  17. Binder A, Snaith ML, Isenberg D (1988) Sjogren’s syndrome: a study of its neurological complications. Br J Rheumatol 27: 275–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Winkelmann RK, connolly SM, Doyle JA (1982) Carpal tunnel syndrome in cutaneous connective tissue disease: generalized morphea, lichen sclerossus, fasciitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and lupus panniculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 7: 94–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Medsger TA, Dixon JA, Garwood VF (1982) Palmar fasciitis and polyarthritis associated with ovarian carcinoma. Ann Intern Med 96: 424–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Quinones CA, Perry HO, Rushton JG (1966) Carpal tunnel syndrome in dermatomyositis and scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 94: 20–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Florack TM, Miller RJ, Pellegrini VD et al. (1992) The prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with basal joint arthritis of the thumb. J Hand Surg 17A: 624–630

    Google Scholar 

  22. Leviet B, Ebelin M, Meriaux JL, Vilain R (1984) Syndrome du canal carpien et pseudoarthrose du scaphoide. Rev Chir Orthop 70: 79–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dubi J, Regli F, Bischoff A (1979) Recurrent familial neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. J Neurol 220: 43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gray RG, Poppo MJ, Gottlieb NL (1979) Primary familial bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Intern Med 91: 37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dawson DM, Hallett M, Millender LH (1983) Entrapment neuropathies. Boston, Little Brown Co.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Potts F, Shahani BT, Young RR (1980) Study of the coincidence of carpal tunnel syndrome and generalized peripheral neuropathy. Musce Nerve 3: 440

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lambert EH, Mulder DW (1964) Nerve conduction in the Guillain-Berrè syndrome. Electroencephalogr ClinNeurophysiol 17: 86

    Google Scholar 

  28. Victor-Torras M, Garcia AF, Barriero-Tella P et al. (1985) Manifestation of scheie mucopolysaccharidosis I: carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood. Case report. Arch Neurobiol (Madr) 48: 113–123

    Google Scholar 

  29. Champion D (1969) Gouty tenosynovitis and the carpal tunnel syndrome. Med J Aust 1: 1030–1032

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Moore JR, Weiland AJ (1985) Gouty tenosynovitis. J Hand Surg 10A: 291–295

    Google Scholar 

  31. Akizuki S, Matsui T (1984) Entrapment neuropathy caused by tophaceous gout. J Hand Surg 9B: 331–332

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lainga J, Waslen GD, Penney CJ (1986) Tophaceous gout presenting with bilateral hand contractures and carpal tunnel syndrome (letter). J Rheumatol 13: 230–231

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cohen AS, Benson MD (1975) Amyloid neuropathy. In PJ Dyck, PK Thomas, Lambert EH (Eds), Peripheral Neuropathy. Philadelphia: Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Thomas PK (1975) Genetic factors in amyloidosis. J Med Genet 12: 317–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kyle RA, Bayrd ED (1975) Amyloidosis: review of 236 cases. Medicine 54: 271

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Folkers K, Ellis J, Watanabe T (1978) Biochemical evidence for a deficiency of vitamin B6 in the carpal tunnel syndrome based on a crossover clinical study. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 75: 3410

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Schaumberg H, Kaplan J, Windebank A et al. (1983) Sensory neuropathy frompyridoxine abuse. New England JMed 309(8): 445–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Amadio P (1987) Carpal tunnel syndrome, pyridoxine, and the work place. J Hand Surg 12A: 875–880

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gould JS, Wissinger HA (1978) Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy. South Med J 71: 144–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wand JS (1990) Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy and lactation. J Hand Surg 15B: 93–95

    Google Scholar 

  41. Rossi E, Sighinolfi E, Bortolotti P et al. (1984) Nocturnal prolactin secretion in carpal tunnel syndrome. Ital J Neurol Sci 5: 405–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Nabarro JD (1987) Acromegaly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 26: 481–512

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Brown MJ, Asbury AK (1984) Diabetic neuropathy Ann Neurol 15: 2–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Dellon AL (1992) Treatment of symptomatic diabetic neuropathy by surgical decompression of multiple peripheral nerves. Plast Reconstr Surg 89: 689–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Golding DN (1970) Hypothyroidism presenting with musculoskeletal symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis 29: 10–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Fincham RW, Cape CA (1968) Neuropathy in mixedema. A study of sensory nerve conduction in the upper extremities. Arch Neurol 19: 464–466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Beard L, Kumar A, Estep HL (1985) Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Graves’ disease. Arch InternMed 145: 345–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Jensen TT (1990) Isolated compression of the motor branch of the median nerve by a ganglion. Case Report. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg 24: 171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Herndon JH, Eaton RG, Littler JW (1974) Carpal tunnel syndrome: an unusual presentation of osteoma osteoide of the capitate. J Bone Joint Surg. 56A: 1715

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hayes CW (1974) Anomalous flexor digitorum sublimis with incipient carpal tunnel syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg 53: 479

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Smith RJ (1971) Anomalous muscle belly of flexor digitorum sublimis causing carpal tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg 53A: 1215

    Google Scholar 

  52. Aghasi MK, Rzetelny V Axer A (1980) The flexor digitorum superficialis as a cause of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger wrist. J Bone Joint Surg 62A: 134

    Google Scholar 

  53. Jabaley ME (1978) Personal observations on the role of the lumbrical muscle in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg 3: 82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Abbott LC, Saunders JB deCM (1933) Injuries of the median nerve in fractures of the lower end of the radius. Surg Gynecol Obstet 57: 507–516

    Google Scholar 

  55. Altissimi M, Antenucci R, Fiacca C, Mancini GB (1986) Long-termresults of conservative treatment of fractures of the distal radius. Clin Orthop 206: 202–210

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Lewis MH (1978) Median nerve decompression after Colles’s fracture. JBJS 60B:195–196

    Google Scholar 

  57. Luchetti R, Mingione A, Monteleone M, Cristiani G (1988) Carpal tunnel syndrome in Madelung’s deformity. JHS 13B: 19–22

    Google Scholar 

  58. Nathan PA, Keniston RC, Myers LD, Meadows KD (1992) Obesity as a rsk factor for slowing of sensory conduction of themedian nerve in industry. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study involving 429 workers. JOM 34: 379–383

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Ganel A, Engel J, Sela M, Brooks M (1979) Nerve entrapments associated with postmastectomy lymphedema. Cancer 44: 2254–2259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Smith WK, Giddins GEB (1999) Lymphoedema and hand surgery. J Hand Surg 24B: 138

    Google Scholar 

  61. Arnold AG (1977) The carpal tunnel syndrome in congestive cardiac failure. Postgrad Med J 53: 623–624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lazaro III L (1972) Carpal-tunnel syndrome from an insect sting. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg. 54A: 1095–1096

    Google Scholar 

  63. Seddon H (1975) Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves, 2nd ed Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone

    Google Scholar 

  64. Watson-Jones R (1976) Fractures and joint injuries, 5th ed, ed Wilson JN, vol 2, pag 755, Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone

    Google Scholar 

  65. Bauman T, Gelberman RH, Mubarak SJ, Garfin S (1981) The acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Orthop Rel Res 156, 151–156

    Google Scholar 

  66. McCarroll HR (1984) Nerve injuries associated with wrist trauma. Orthop Clin North Am 15: 279–287

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Rawlings ID (1981) Themanagement of dislocations of the carpal tunnel lunate. Injury 12: 319–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Adamson JE, Srouji SJ, Horton CE, Mladick RA (1971) The acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg 47: 332–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Askin G, Finley R, Parenti J et al. (1986) High-energy roller injuries to the upper extremity. J Trauma 26: 1127–1131

    Google Scholar 

  70. DeLuca FN, Cowen NJ (1975) Median-nerve compression complicating a tendon graft prothesis. J Bone Joint Surg 57A: 553

    Google Scholar 

  71. Kongsholm J, Olerud G (1986) Carpal tunnel pressure in the acute phase after colles’ fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 105: 183–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Hartwell SW, Kurtay M (1966) Carpal tunnel compression caused by hematoma associated with anticoagulant therapy. Cleveland Clin 33; 127–129

    Google Scholar 

  73. Copeland J, Wells HG Jr, Puckett CL (1989) Acute carpal tunnel syndrome in a patient taking coumadin. J Trauma 29: 131–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Case DB (1967) An acute carpal tunnel syndrome in a haemophiliac. BrJ Clin Pract 21: 254–255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. DeHertogh D, Ritland D, Green R (1988) Carpal tunnel syndrome due to gonococcal tenosynovitis. Orthopedics 11: 199–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Kilpatrick T, Leyden M, Sullivan J et al. (1985) Acute median nerve compression by haemorrhage from acute myelomonocytic leukaemia. Med J Aust 142: 51–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Schweitzer G, Lewis JS (1981) Puff adder bite-an unusual cause of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. A case report. S Afr Med J 60: 714–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. McGrath MH, Polayes IM (1979) Posttarumatic median neuroma: a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Plast Surg 3: 227–230

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Martinelli P, Poppi M, Gaist G et al. (1985) Posttraumatic neuroma of the median nerve: a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. Eur Neurol 24: 13–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Danta G (1975) Familial carpal tunnel syndrome with onset in childhood. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 38: 350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Dellon AL, Trojak JE, Rochman GM (1984) Median nerve compression in Weill-Marchesani syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg 74: 127–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Panciera P, Panciera C (1996) Sindrome del tunnel carpale bilaterale in bambino con sindrome di Weil-Marchesani. Riv Chir RiabMano Arto Sup 33: 61–63

    Google Scholar 

  83. Watson-Jones R (1949) Leri’s pleonosteosis, carpal tunnel compression of the median nerves and Morton’s metatarsalgia. J Bone Joint Surg 31B: 560–571

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Miner ME, Schimke RN (1975) Carpal tunnel syndrome in pediatric mucopolysaccharidoses: report of four cases. J Neurosurg. 43: 102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Sainio K, Merikanto L, Larsen TA (1987) Carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol 29: 794–797

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Luchetti, R. (2007). Etiopathogenesis. In: Luchetti, R., Amadio, P. (eds) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49008-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49008-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22387-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49008-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics