Abstract
As described in the introduction of Chap. 4, including Sects. 4.1 and 4.2. nonlinear interactions of light with matter are of fundamental importance for photonic applications. It may be worth with reading these three sections before continuing.
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References
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{Sect. 5.3.5} L.A. Rebane, A.A. Gorokhovskii, J.V. Kikas: Low-Temperature Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules in Solids by Photochemical Hole Burning, Appl. Phys. B 29, p.235–250 (1982)
{Sect. 5.3.5} A.I.M. Dicker, J. Dobkowski, S. Völker: Optical dephasing of the S1-S0 transition of free-base porphin in an n-decane host studied by photochemical hole-burning: a case of slow exchange, Chem. Phys. Lett. 84, p.415–420 (1981)
{Sect. 5.3.5} J.R. Morgan, M.A. El-Sayed: Temperature dependence of the homogeneous linewidth of the 5D0-7F0 transition of Eu3+ in amorphous hosts at high temperatures, Chem. Phys. Lett. 84, p.213–216 (1981)
{Sect. 5.3.5} S. Völker, R.M. Macfarlane: Laser photochemistry and hole-burning of chlorin in crystalline n-alkanes at low temperatures, J. Chem. Phys. 73, p.4476–4482 (1980)
{Sect. 5.3.5} J. Hegarty, W.M. Yen: Optical Homogeneous Linewidths of Pr+ in BeF2 and GeO2 Glasses, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, p.1126–1130 (1979)
{Sect. 5.3.5} R.M. Shelby, R.M. Macfarlane: Population hole-burning using a triplet reservoir: S1-S0 transition of zinc porphin in n-octane, Chem. Phys. Lett. 64, p.545–549 (1979)
{Sect. 5.3.5} S. Voelker, R.M. Macfarlane: Photochemical hole-burning in vibronic bands of the S1-S0 transition of free-base porphin in an n-octane crystal, Chem. Phys. Lett. 61, p.421–425 (1979)
{Sect. 5.3.5} S. Voelker, R.M. Macfarlane: Frequency shift and dephasing of the S1-S0 transition of free-base porphin in an n-octane crystal as a function of temperature, Chem. Phys. Lett. 53, p.8–13 (1979)
{Sect. 5.3.5} P. Avouris, A. Campion, M.A. El-Sayed: Variations in homogeneous fluorescence linewidth and electron-phonon coupling within an inhomogeneous spectral profile, J. Chem. Phys. 67, p.3397–3398 (1977)
{Sect. 5.3.5} A.A. Gorokhovski, L.A. Rebane: The Termperature Broadening of Purely Electronic Lines by the Hole Burning Technique, Opt. Comm. 20, p.144–146 (1977)
{Sect. 5.3.5} A.P. Marchetti, M. Scozzafava, R.H. Young: Site selection, hole burning, and Stark effect on resorufin in poly (methyl methacrylate), Chem. Phys. Lett. 51, p.424–426 (1977)
{Sect. 5.3.5} P.M. Selzer, D.L. Huber, D.S. Hamilton, W.M. Yen, M.J. Weber: Anomoulous Fluorescence Linewidth Behavior in Eu3+-Doped Silicate Glass, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, p.813–816 (1976)
{Sect. 5.3.5} A.P. Marchetti, W.C. McColgin, J.H. Eberly: Inhomogeneous Broadening and Excited-Vibrational-State Lifetimes in Low-Temperature Organic Mixed Crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, p.387–390 (1975)
{Sect. 5.3.5} M. Ishikawa, Y. Maruyama: Femtosecond spectral hole-burning of crystal violet in methanol. New evidence for ground state conformers, Chem. Phys. Lett. 219, p.416–420 (1994)
{Sect. 5.3.5} H.J. Bakker, P.C.M. Planken, L. Kuipers, A. Lagendijk: Ultrafast infrared saturation spectroscopy of chloroform, bromeform, and iodoform, J. Chem. Phys. 94, p. 1730–1739 (1991)
{Sect. 5.3.5} D. Blanchard, D.A. Gilmore, T.L. Brack, H. Lemaire, D. Hughes, G.H. Atkinson: Picosecond time-resolved absorption and fluorescence in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle: vibrationally-excited species, Chem. Phys. 154, p.155–170 (1991)
{Sect. 5.3.5} T.L. Brack, G.H. Atkinson: Vibrationally Excited Retinal in the Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle: Picosecond Time-Resolved Anti-Stokes Resonance Raman Scattering, J. Phys. Chem. 95, p.2351–2356 (1991)
{Sect. 5.3.5} T. Elsaesser, W. Kaiser: Vibrational and vibronic relaxation of large polyatomic molecules in liquids, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 42, p.83–107 (1991)
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{Sect. 5.3.5} H.-J. Hübner, M. Wörner, W. Kaiser, A. Seilmeier: Subpicosecond vibrational relaxation of skeletal modes in polyatomic molecules, Chem. Phys. Lett. 182, p.315–320 (1991)
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{Sect. 5.3.5} G. Angel, R. Gagel, A. Laubereau: Femtosecond relaxation dynamics in the electronic ground state of dye molecules studied by polarization-dependent amplification spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 156, p.169–174 (1989)
{Sect. 5.3.5} H. Graener, T.Q. Ye, A. Laubereau: Ultrafast vibrational predissociation of hydrogen bonds: Mode selective infrared photochemistry in liquids, J. Chem. Phys. 91, p.1043–1046 (1989)
{Sect. 5.3.5} H. Graener, T.Q. Ye, A. Laubereau: Ultrafast dynamics of hydrogen bonds directly observed by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys. 90, p.3413–3416 (1989)
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{Sect. 5.3.5} A. Mokhtari, L. Fini, J. Chesnoy: Ultrafast conformation equilibration in triphenyl methane dyes analyzed by time resolved induced photoabsorption, J. Chem. Phys. 87, p.3429–3435 (1987)
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{Sect. 5.3.6} J. Ehlert, H. Stiel, K. Teuchner: A numerical solver for rate euqations and photon transport equations in nonlinear laser spectroscopy, Comp. Phys. Commun. 124 p.330–339 (2000)
{Sect. 5.3.6} Stiel, Teuschner, Leupold, Oberländer, Ehlert, Jahnke: Computer Aided Laser-Spectroscopic Characterization and Handling of Molecular Excited States, Intell. Instr. Comp. 9, p.79–88 (1991)
{Sect. 5.3.6} R. Menzel: Modelling Excited State Absorption (ESA) Measurements Including the Photophysical Hole Burning Effect with Rate Equations, Mol. Phys. 68, p.161–180 (1989)
{Sect. 5.3.6} C.J. Bardeen, J.S. Cao, F.L.H. Brown, K.R. Wilson: Using time-dependent rate equations to describe chirped pulse excitation in condensed phases, Chem Phys Lett 302, p.405–410 (1999)
{Sect. 5.3.8} Y.C. Shen, P. Hess: Real-time detection of laser-induced transient gratings and surface acoustic wave pulses with a Michelson interferometer, J Appl Phys 82, p.4758–4762 (1997)
{Sect. 5.3.8} N. Tamai, T. Asahi, H. Masuhara: Intersystem crossing of benzophenone by femtosecond transient grating spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 198, p.413–418 (1992)
{Sect. 5.4.0} T.W. Hänsch, H. Walther: Laser spectroscopy and quantum optics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, p.242–252 (1999)
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{Sect. 5.4.0} A. Zeilinger: Experiment and the foundations of quantum physics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, p.288–296 (1999)
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{Sect. 5.4.0} M.M. Salour, C. Cohen-Tannoudji: Observation of Ramsey”s Interference Fringes in the Profile of Doppler-Free Two-Photon Resonances, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, p.757–760 (1977)
{Sect. 5.4.0} R.G. Brewer, A.Z. Genack: Optical Coherent Transients by Laser Frequency Switching, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, p.959–962 (1976)
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{Sect. 5.4.0} R. Teets, R. Feinberg, T.W. Hänsch, A.L. Schawlow: Simplification of Spectra by Polarization Labeling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, p.683–686 (1976)
{Sect. 5.4.0} C. Wieman, T.W. Hänsch: Doppler-Eree Laser Polarization Spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. A 36, p.1170–1173 (1976)
{Sect. 5.4.0} F. Biraben, B. Cagnac, G. Grynberg: Paschen-Back Effect on the 3S-4D Two-Photon Transition in Sodium Vapor, Phys. Lett. 48 A, p.469–470 (1974)
{Sect. 5.4.0} R.G. Brewer, R.L. Shoemaker, S. Stenhom: Collision-Induced Optical Double Resonance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, p.63–66 (1974)
{Sect. 5.4.0} W. P. Schleich, E. Mayr: Quantum Optics in Phase Space (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1997)
{Sect. 5.4.1} R.M. Macfarlane, Y. Sun, P.B. Sellin, R.L. Cone: Optical decoherence in Er3+-doped silicate fiber: Evidence for coupled spin-elastic tunneling systems — art. no. 033602, Phys Rev Lett 9603, p.3602 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.1} M.U. Staudt, S.R. HastingsSimon, M. Afzelius, D. Jaccard, W. Tittel, N. Gisin: Investigations of optical coherence properties in an erbium-doped silicate fiber for quantum state storage, Opt Commun 266, p.720–726 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.1} C.M. Liebig, W.M. Dennis: Optical dephasing in saturable-absorbing organic dye IR140, Appl Opt 45, p.2072–2076 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.1} K. Watanabe, N. Takagi, Y. Matsumoto: Direct time-domain observation of ultrafast dephasing in adsorbate-substrate vibration under the influence of a hot electron bath: Cs adatoms on Pt(111) — art. no. 057401, Phys Rev Lett 9205, p.7401 (2004)
{Sect. 5.4.1} J. Forstner, C. Weber, J. Danckwerts, A. Knorr: Phonon-assisted damping of Rabi oscillations in semiconductor quantum dots — art. no. 127401, Phys Rev Lett 9112, p.7401 (2003)
{Sect. 5.4.1} J.R. Guest, T.H. Stievater, G. Chen, E.A. Tabak, B.G. Orr, D.G. Steel, D. Gammon, D.S. Katzer: Near-field coherent spectroscopy and microscopy of a quantum dot system, Science 293, p.2224–2227 (2001)
{Sect. 5.4.1} C.H. Grossman, J.J. Schwendiman: Ultrashort dephasing-time measurements in Nile Blue polymer films, Optics Letters 23, p.624–626 (1998)
{Sect. 5.4.1} K. Holliday, C. Wie, M. Croci, U.P. Wild: Spectral hole-burning measurements of optical dephasing between 2–300 K in Sm2+ doped substitutionally disordered microcrystals, J. Luminesc. 53, p.227–230 (1992)
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{Sect. 5.4.1} T. Hattori, T. Kobayashi: Femtosecond dephasing in a polydiacetylene film observed by degenerate four-wave mixing with an incoherent nanosecond laser, J. Luminesc. 38, p.326–328 (1987)
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{Sect. 5.4.1} S. Völker: Optical linewidth and dephasing of organic amorphous and semi-crystalline solids studied by hole burning, J. Luminesc. 36, p.251–262 (1987)
{Sect. 5.4.1} M. Fujiwara, R. Kuroda: Measurement of ultrafast dephasing time of Cresyl Fast Violet in cellulose by photon echoes with incoherent light, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2, p.1634–1639 (1985)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A.M. Weiner, S. De Silvestri, E.P. Ippen: Three-pulse scattering for femtosecond dephasing studies: theory and experiment, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 2, p.654–662 (1985)
{Sect. 5.4.1} T.P. Carter, B.L. Fearey, J.M. Hayes, G.J. Small: Optical dephasing of cresyl violet in a polyvinyl alcohol polymer by non-photochemical hole burning, Chem. Phys. Lett. 102, p.272–276 (1983)
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{Sect. 5.4.1} D. von der Linde, A. Laubereau, W, Kaiser: Molecular Vibrations in Liquids: Direct Measurement of the Molecular Dephasing Time; Determination of the Shape of Picosecond Light Pulses, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, p.954–957 (1971)
{Sect. 5.4.1} W. Langbein, J.M. Hvam, R. Zimmermann: Time-resolved speckle analysis: A new approach to coherence and dephasing of optical excitations in solids, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.1040–1043 (1999)
{Sect. 5.4.1} O.V. Prezhdo, P.J. Rossky: Relationship between quantum decoherence times and solvation dynamics in condensed phase chemical systems, Phys Rev Lett 81, p.5294–5297 (1998)
{Sect. 5.4.1} G. Stock, W. Domcke: Detection of ultrafast molecularexcited-state dynamics with time-and frequency-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. A 45, p.3032–3040 (1992)
{Sect. 5.4.1} G. Cerullo, G. Lanzani, M. Muccini, C. Taliani, S. DeSilvestri: Real-time vibronic coupling dynamics in a prototypical conjugated oligomer, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.231–234 (1999)
{Sect. 5.4.1} K. Furuya, E. Koto, T. Ogawa: Direct observation of IVR under white light excitation: Fluorescence spectra of p-difluorobenzene by controlled electron impact, Chem Phys Lett 253, p.87–91 (1996)
{Sect. 5.4.1} T. Matsumoto, K. Ueda, M. Tomita: Femtosecond vibrational relaxation measurement of azulene using temporally incoherent light, Chem. Phys. Lett. 191, p. 627–632 (1992)
{Sect. 5.4.1} K.-P. Müller, D. Haarer: Spectral Diffusion of Optical Transitions in Doped Polymer Glasses below 1 K, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, p.2344–2347 (1991)
{Sect. 5.4.1} Y.M. Engel, R.D. Levine: Vibration-vibration resonance conditions in intramolecular classical dynamics of triatomic and larger molecules, Chem. Phys. Lett. 164, p.270–278 (1989)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A. Amirav: Rotational and vibrational energy effect on energyresolved emission of anthracene and 9-cyanoanthracene, Chem. Phys. 124, p.163–175 (1988)
{Sect. 5.4.1} G.A. Bickel, D.R. Demmer, G.W. Leach, St.C. Wallace: Mode-and symmetry-specific, picosecond intramolecular vibrational redistribution in 1-methylindole, Chem. Phys. Lett. 145, p.423–428 (1988)
{Sect. 5.4.1} R. Parson: Classical-quantum correspondence in vibrational energy relaxation of nonlinear systems, J. Chem. Phys. 89, p.262–271 (1988)
{Sect. 5.4.1} B.J. Orr, I.W.M. Smith: Collision-Induced Vibrational Energy Transfer in Small Polyatomic Molecules, J. Phys. Chem. 91, p.6106–6119 (1987)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A. Amirav, J. Jortner, S. Okajima, E.C. Lim: Manifestation of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution on electronic relaxation in large molecules, Chem. Phys. Lett. 126, p.487–494 (1986)
{Sect. 5.4.1} D.B. Moss, Ch.S. Parmenter: A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Observation of Intramolecular Vibrationally Redistribution within the Channel Three Region of S1 Benzene, J. Phys. Chem. 90, p.1011–1014 (1986)
{Sect. 5.4.1} P.O.J. Scherer, A. Seilmeier, W. Kaiser: Ultrafast intra-and intermolecular energy transfer in solutions after selective infrared excitation, J. Chem. Phys. 83, p.3948–3957 (1985)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A.M. Weiner, E.P. Ippen: Femtosecond excited state relaxation of dye molecules in solution, Chem. Phys. Lett. 114, p.456–460 (1985)
{Sect. 5.4.1} Th. Kulp, R. Ruoff, G. Stewart, J.D. McDonald: Intramolecular vibrational relaxation in 1,4 dioxane, J. Chem. Phys. 80, p.5359–5364 (1984)
{Sect. 5.4.1} G. Stewart, R. Ruoff, Th. Kulp, J.D. McDonald: Intramolecular vibrational relaxation in dimethyl ether, J. Chem. Phys. 80, p.5353–5358 (1984)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A.J. Taylor, D.J. Erskine, C.L. Tang: Femtosecond vibrational relaxation of large organic molecules, Chem. Phys. Lett. 103, p.430–435 (1984)
{Sect. 5.4.1} H. Graener, H.R. Telle, A. Lauberau: Applications of Picosecond and Sub-Picosecond Spectroscopy, p.393–401 (1983)
{Sect. 5.4.1} W. Zinth, C. Kolmeder, B. Benna, A. Irgens-Defregger, S.F. Fischer, W. Kaiser: Fast and exceptionally slow vibrational energy transfer in acetylene and phenylacetylene in solution, J. Chem. Phys. 78, p.3916–3921 (1983)
{Sect. 5.4.1} D. Reiser, A. Laubereau: Vibrational Relaxation of Dye Molecules Investigated by Ultrafast Induced Dichroism, Appl. Phys. B 27, p.115–122 (1982)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A. Zewail, W. Lambert, P. Felker, J. Perry, W. Warren: Laser Probing of Vibrational Energy Redistribution and Dephasing, J. Phys. Chem. 86, p.1184–1192 (1982)
{Sect. 5.4.1} G. Venzl, S.F. Fischer: The effect of localized modes on radiationless electronic transitions. II. Dependence on impurity concentration, J. Chem. Phys. 74, p.1887–1892 (1981)
{Sect. 5.4.1} W. Zinth, H.-J. Polland, A. Lauberau, W. Kaiser: New Results on Ultrafast Coherent Excitation of Molecular Viibrations in Liquids, Appl. Phys. B 26, p.77–88 (1981)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A. Laubereau, W. Kaiser: Vibrational dynamics of liquids and solids investigated by picosecond light pulses, Rev. Mod. Phys. 50, p.607–685 (1978)
{Sect. 5.4.1} C.V. Shank, E.P. Ippen, O. Teschke: Sub-picosecond relaxation of large organic molecules in solution, Chem. Phys. Lett. 45, p.291–294 (1977)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A. Laubereau: Picosecond phase relaxation of the fundamental vibrational mode of liquid nitrogen, Chem. Phys. Lett. 27, p.600–602 (1974)
{Sect. 5.4.1} D.W. Vahey: Effects of spectral cross relaxation and collisional sephasing on the absorption of light by organic-dye solutions, Phys. Rev. A 10, p.1578–1590 (1974)
{Sect. 5.4.1} A. Laubereau, L. Kirschner, W. Kaiser: Direct observation in intermolecular transfer of vibrational energy in liquids, Opt. Comm. 9, p.182–185 (1973)
{Sect. 5.4.2} Z.G. Yi, D.A. Micha, J. Sund: Density matrix theory and calculations of nonlinear yields of CO photodesorbed from Cu (001) by light pulses, J Chem Phys 110, p. 10562–10575 (1999)
{Sect. 5.4.2} P. Yeh: Two-Wave Mixing in Nonlinear Media, IEEE J. QE-25, p.484–519 (1989)
{Sect. 5.4.2} P. Yeh: Exact solution of a nonlinear model of two-wave mixing in Kerr media, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, p.747–750 (1986)
{Sect. 5.4.3} A. Schulzgen, R. Binder, M.E. Donovan, T. Lindberg, K. Wundke, H.M. Gibbs, G. Khitrova, N. Peyghambarian: Direct observation of excitonic Rabi oscillations in semiconductors, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.2346–2349 (1999)
{Sect. 5.4.3} O. Kittelmann, J. Ringling, A. Nazarkin, G. Korn, I.V. Hertel: Direct observation of coherent medium response under the condition of two-photon excitation of krypton by femtosecond UV-laser pulses, Phys Rev Lett 76, p.2682–2685 (1996)
{Sect. 5.4.3} R.M. Williams, J.M. Papanikolas, J. Rathje, S.R. Leone: Quantum-state-resolved 2-level femtosecond rotational coherence spectroscopy: Determination of rotational constants at medium and high J in Li-2, a simple diatomic system, Chem Phys Lett 261, p.405–413 (1996)
{Sect. 5.4.3} C. Wunderlich, E. Kobler, H. Figger, T.W. Hansch: Light-induced molecular potentials, Phys Rev Lett 78, p.2333–2336 (1997)
{Sect. 5.4.3} Y. R. Shen: Principles of Nonlinear Optics, chapter 13 (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1984)
{Sect. 5.4.3} R.F. Loring, Y.J. Yan, S. Mukamel: Time-resolved fluorescence and hole-burning line shapes of solvated molecules: Longitudinal dielectric relaxation and vibrational dynamics, J. Chem. Phys. 87, p.5840–5857 (1987)
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{Sect. 5.4.3} B. Jackson, R. Silbey: Theoretical description of photochemical hole burning in soft glasses, Chem. Phys. Lett. 99, p.331–334 (1983)
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{Sect. 5.4.4} Y. R. Shen: Principles of Nonlinear Optics, chapter 2 (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1984)
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{Sect. 5.4.5} R.G. Brewer, R.L. Shoemaker: Photo Echo and Optical Nutation in Molecules, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, p.631–634 (1971)
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{Sect. 5.4.10} E.S. Fry, X. Li, D. Nikonov, G.G. Padmabandu, M.O. Scully, A.V. Smith, F.K. Tittel, C. Wang, S.R. Wilkinson, S.Y. Zhu: Atomic Coherence Effects within the Sodium D1 Line: Lasing without Inversion via Population Trapping, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, p.3235–3246 (1993)
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{Sect. 5.4.10} M. Kauert, P.C. Stoller, M. Frenz, J. Ricka: Absolute measurement of molecular two-photon absorption crosssections using a fluorescence saturation technique, Opt Express 14, p.8434–8447 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} G.B. Xu, X.G. Xu, Z. Zhao, D.W. Hu, Z.S. Shao, H.J. Liu, Y.P. Tian: Two-photon excitation properties of a class of novel organic dye chloride, Opt Commun 260, p.292–297 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} K.R. Allakhverdiev, T. Baykara, S. Joosten, E. Gunay, A.A. Kaya, A. Kulibekov, A. Seilmeier, E.Y. Salaev: Anisotropy of two-photon absorption in gallium selenide at 1064 nm, Opt Commun 261, p.60–64 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} S.L. Zhou, X. Zhao, X.Q. Sun, X.F. Cheng: Theoretical studies of one-and two-photon absorption properties for symmetric molecules based on bis(Stilbene)diethylene, J Theor Comput Chem 5, p.535–542 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} P.C. Ray, Z. Sainudeen: Very large infrared two-photon absorption cross section of asymmetric zinc porphyrin aggregates: Role of intermolecular interaction and donor-acceptor strengths, J Phys Chem A 110, p.12342–12347 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} X.B. Zhang, J.K. Feng, A.M. Ren, C.C. Sun: Theoretical study of two-photon absorption properties of a series of ferrocene-based chromophores, J Phys Chem A 110, p.12222–12230 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} D.S. Correa, S.L. Oliveira, L. Misoguti, S.C. Zilio, R.F. Aroca, C.J.L. Constantino, C.R. Mendonca: Investigation of the two-photon absorption cross-section in perylene tetracarboxylic derivatives: Nonlinear spectra and molecular structure, J Phys Chem A 110, p.6433–6438 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} L. Antonov, K. Kamada, D. Nedeltcheva, K. Ohta, F.S. Kamounah: Gradual change of one-and two-photon absorption properties in solution-Protonation of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-aminoazobenzene, J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 181, p.274–282 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} M.J. Paterson, J. Kongsted, O. Christiansen, K.V. Mikkelsen, C.B. Nielsen: Two-photon absorption cross sections: An investigation of solvent effects. Theoretical studies on formaldehyde and water — art. no. 184501, J Chem Phys 125, p.84501 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} M. Drobizhev, N.S. Makarov, Y. Stepanenko, A. Rebane: Near-infrared two-photon absorption in phthalocyanines: Enhancement of lowest gerade-gerade transition by symmetrical electron-accepting substitution — art. no. 224701, J Chem Phys 124, p.24701 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} C.B. Nielsen, S. Rettrup, S.P.A. Sauer: Two-photon absorption cross sections: An investigation of the accuracy of calculated absolute and relative values — art. no. 114108, J Chem Phys 124, p.14108 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} R. Fortrie, H. Chermette: Two-photon absorption strength: A new tool for the quantification of two-photon absorption — art. no. 204104, J Chem Phys 124, p.4104 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} J.L. Humphrey, D. Kuciauskas: Charge transfer enhances two-photon absorption in transition metal porphyrins, J Am Chem Soc 128, p.3902–3903 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} J. Fu, O.V. Przhonska, L.A. Padilha, D.J. Hagan, E.W. VanStryland, K.D. Belfield, M.V. Bondar, Y.L. Slominsky, A.D. Kachkovski: Two-photon anisotropy: Analytical description and molecular modeling for symmetrical and asymmetrical organic dyes, Chem Phys 321, p.257–268 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} S.L. Oliveira, D.S. Correa, L. DeBoni, L. Misoguti, S.C. Zilio, C.R. Mendonca: Two-photon absorption cross-section spectrum of a pi-conjugated polymer obtained using the white-light continuum Z-scan technique — art. no. 021911, Appl Phys Lett 88, p.21911 (2006)
{Sect. 5.4.10} A. Selle, C. Kappel, M.A. Bader, G. Marowsky, K. Winkler, U. Alexiev: Picosecond-pulse-induced two-photon fluorescence enhancement in biological material by application of grating waveguide structures, Optics Letters 30, p.1683–1685 (2005)
{Sect. 5.4.10} P.C. Ray, J. Leszczynski: Two-photon absorption and first nonlinear optical properties of ionic octupolar molecules: Structure-function relationships and solvent effects, J. Phys. Chem. A 109, p.6689–6696 (2005)
{Sect. 5.4.10} G.S. He, Q.D. Zheng, P.N. Prasad, R. Helgeson, F. Wudl: Nonlinear optical stabilization of 1064-nm laser pulses with a two-photon absorbing liquid-dye salt system, Appl Opt 44, p.3560–3564 (2005)
{Sect. 5.4.10} S. Soria, T. Katchalski, E. Teitelbaum, A.A. Friesem, G. Marowsky: Enhanced two-photon fluorescence excitation by resonant grating waveguide structures, Optics Letters 29, p.1989–1991 (2004)
{Sect. 5.4.10} J. Balaji, C.S. Reddy, S.K. Kaushalya, S. Maiti: Microfluorometric detection of catecholamines with multiphotonexcited fluorescence, Appl Opt 43, p.2412–2417 (2004)
{Sect. 5.4.10} G. McConnell, G.L. Smith, J.M. Girkin, A.M. Gurney, A.I. Ferguson: Two-photon microscopy of fura-2-loaded cardiac myocytes with an allsolid-state tunable and visible femtosecond laser source, Optics Letters 28, p.1742–1744 (2003)
{Sect. 5.4.10} C. Gorling, U. Leinhos, K. Mann: Self-trapped exciton luminescence and repetition rate dependence of two-photon absorption in CaF2 at 193 nm, Opt Commun 216, p.369–378 (2003)
{Sect. 5.4.10} A. Karotki, M. Drobizhev, M. Kruk, C. Spangler, E. Nickel, N. Mamardashvili, A. Rebane: Enhancement of two-photon absorption in tetrapyrrolic compounds, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 20, p.321–332 (2003)
{Sect. 5.4.10} Z. Liu, Q. Fang, D. Wang, D. Cao, G. Xue, W. Yu, H. Lei: Trivalent boron as an acceptor in donor-?-acceptor-type commpounds for single-and two-photon excited fluorescence, Chem. Eur. J. 9, p.5074–5084 (2003)
{Sect. 5.4.10} J.H. Si, J.R. Qiu, J.Y. Guo, G.D. Qian, M.Q. Wang, K. Hirao: Photoinduced birefringence of azodye-doped materials by a femtosecond laser, Appl Opt 42, p.7170–7173 (2003)
{Sect. 5.4.10} P.F. Tian, W.S. Warren: Ultrafast measurement of two-photon absorption by loss modulation, Optics Letters 27, p.1634–1636 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} J.Y. Ye, M.T. Myaing, T.B. Norris, T. Thomas, J. Baker: Biosensing based on two-photon fluorescence measurements through optical fibers, Optics Letters 27, p.1412–1414 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} R. Schroeder, B. Ullrich: Absorption and subsequent emission saturation of two-photon excited materials: theory and experiment, Optics Letters 27, p.1285–1287 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} P. Markowicz, C. Friend, Y.Z. Shen, J. Swiatkiewicz, P.N. Prasad, O. Toader, S. John, R.W. Boyd: Enhancement of two-photon emission in photonic crystals, Optics Letters 27, p.351–353 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} G.S. He, T.C. Lin, P.N. Prasad: New technique for degenerate two-photon absorption spectral measurements using femtosecond continuum generation, Opt Express 10, p.566–574 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} L. Mees, J.P. Wolf, G. Gouesbet, G. Grehan: Two-photon absorption and fluorescence in a spherical micro-cavity illuminated by using two laser pulses: numerical simulations, Opt Commun 208, p.371–375 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} G.Y. Zhou, D. Wang, X.M. Wang, X.G. Xu, Z.S. Shao, M.H. Jiang: Properties of picosecond two-photon-absorption induced amplified spontaneous emission and cavity lasing of a new organic dye PSPS, Opt Commun 202, p.221–225 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} J. Palero, W. Garcia, C. Saloma: Two-color (Two-photon) excitation fluorescence with two confocal beams and a Raman shifter, Opt Commun 211, p.65–71 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} F.-J. Kao, Y.-M. Wang, J.-C. Chen, P.-C. Cheng, R.-W. Chen, B.-L. Lin: Micro-spectroscopy of chloroplasts in protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana under single-and multi-photon excitations, Journal of Luminescence 98, p.107–114 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} G.Y. Zhou, D. Wang, X.Q. Yu, Y. Ren, X.G. Xu, X.F. Cheng, Z.S. Shao, M.H. Jiang: Two-photon-absorption and upconverted superradiance properties of organic dye HEASPS-doped linear homogeneous polymer at several wavelengths, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 19, p.1141–1144 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} G.Y. Zhou, D. Wang, S.J. Yang, X.G. Xu, Y. Ren, Z.S. Shao, M.H. Jiang, Y.P. Tian, F.Y. Hao, S.L. Li, P.F. Shi: Studies on the two-photon pumped upconverted fluorescence and superradiance of a new organic dye material in solutions, Appl Opt 41, p.6371–6374 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} T. Alexander, CD. Tran: Simultaneous measurement of one-and two-photon excited fluorescence from a single sample: a detection method for oligonucleotides, Appl Opt 41, p.2285–2291 (2002)
{Sect. 5.4.10} C. Wang, X.M. Wang, Z.S. Shao, X. Zhao, G.Y. Zhou, D. Wang, Q. Fang: Studies on the lasing properties of a new two-photon absorbing material HEASPI, Opt Commun 192, p.315–322 (2001)
{Sect. 5.4.10} D.A. Oulianov, I.V. Tomov, A.S. Dvornikov, P.M. Rentzepis: Observations on the measurement of two-photon absorption crosssection, Opt Commun 191, p.235–243 (2001)
{Sect. 5.4.10} C. Wang, X.M. Wang, Z.S. Shao, X.A. Zhao, G.Y. Zhou, D. Wang, Q. Fang, M.H. Jiang: Optical properties of a new two-photon absorbing chromophore, Appl Opt 40, p.2475–2478 (2001)
{Sect. 5.5} P. Kaatz, D.P. Shelton: Two-photon fluorescence cross-section measurements calibrated with hyper-Rayleigh scattering, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 16, p.998–1006 (1999)
{Sect. 5.5} E.J. Sanchez, L. Novotny, X.S. Xie: Near-field fluorescence microscopy based on two-photon excitation with metal tips, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.4014–4017 (1999)
{Sect. 5.5} M. Sonnleitner, G.J. Schutz, T. Schmidt: Imaging individual molecules by two-photon excitation, Chem Phys Lett 300, p.221–226 (1999)
{Sect. 5.5} E.R. Thoen, E.M. Koontz, M. Joschko, P. Langlois, T.R. Schibli, F.X. Kartner, E.P. Ippen, L.A. Kolodziejski: Two-photon absorption in semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors, Appl Phys Lett 74, p.3927–3929 (1999)
{Sect. 5.5} K.R. Allakhverdiev: Two-photon absorption of femtosecond laser pulses in GaS crystals, Opt Commun 149, p.64–66 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} C.V. Bindhu, S.S. Harilal, A. Kurian, V.P.N. Nampoori, C.P.G. Vallabhan: Two and three photon absorption in rhodamine 6G methanol solutions using pulsed thermal lens technique, J Nonlinear Opt Physics Mat 7, p.531–538 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} M.A. Bopp, Y. Jia, G. Haran, E.A. Morlino, R.M. Hochstrasser: Single-molecule spectroscopy with 27 fs pulses: Time-resolved experiments and direct imaging of orientational distributions, Appl Phys Lett 73, p.7–9 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} G.S. He, R. Signorini, P.N. Prasad: Two-photon-pumped frequency-upconverted blue losing in Coumarin dye solution, Appl Opt 37, p.5720–5726 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} M. Reeves, M. Musculus, P. Farrell: Confocal, two-photon laserinduced fluorescence technique for the detection of nitric oxide, Appl Opt 37, p.6627–6635 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} J. Swiatkiewicz, P.N. Prasad, B.A. Reinhardt: Probing twophoton excitation dynamics using ultrafast laser pulses, Opt Commun 157, p.135–138 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} K.L. Vodopyanov, S.B. Mirov, V.G. Voevoolin, P.G. Schunemann: Two-photon absorption in GaSe and CdGeAs2, Opt Commun 155, p.47–50 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} Z.P. Chen, D.L. Kaplan, K. Yang, J. Kumar, K.A. Marx, S.K. Tripathy: Two-photon-induced fluorescence from the phycoerythrin protein, Appl Opt 36, p.1655–1659 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} C. Dorrer, F. Nez, B. deBeauvoir, L. Julien, F. Biraben: Accurate measurement of the 2 (3)S (1)-3 (3)D (1) two-photon transition frequency in helium: New determination of the 2 (3)S (1) Lamb shift, Phys Rev Lett 78, p.3658–3661 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} J.E. Ehrlich, X.L. Wu, L.Y.S. Lee, Z.Y. Hu, H. Rockel, S.R. Marder, J.W. Perry: Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes, Optics Letters 22, p.1843–1845 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} Y.C. Guo, Q.Z. Wang, N. Zhadin, F. Liu, S. Demos, D. Calistru, A. Tirksliunas, A. Katz, Y. Budansky, P.P. Ho, et al.: Two-photon excitation of fluorescence from chicken tissue, Appl Opt 36, p.968–970 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} E.J. Larson, L.A. Friesen, C.K. Johnson: An ultrafast onephoton and two-photon transient absorption study of the solvent-dependent photophysics in all-trans retinal, Chem Phys Lett 265, p.161–168 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} T. Munakata, T. Sakashita, M. Tsukakoshi, J. Nakamura: Fine structure of the two-photon photoemission from benzene adsorbed on Cu (111), Chem Phys Lett 271, p.377–380 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} G. Robertson, D. Armstrong, M.J.P. Dymott, A.I. Ferguson, G.L. Hogg: Two-photon fluorescence microscopy with a diode-pumped Cr: LiSAF laser, Appl Opt 36, p.2481–2483 (1997)
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{Sect. 5.5} B.P. Stoicheff, E. Weinberger: Frequency Shifts, Line Broadenings, and Phase-Interference Effects in Rb**+Rb Collisions, Measured by Doppler-Free Two-Photon Spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, p.733–736 (1980)
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{Sect. 5.5} M. Bellini, A. Bartoli, T.W. Hänsch: Two-photon Fourier spectroscopy with femtosecond light pulses, Optics Letters 22, p.540–542 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} V. Blanchet, C. Nicole, M.A. Bouchene, B. Girard: Temporal coherent control in two-photon transitions: From optical interferences to quantum interferences, Phys Rev Lett 78, p.2716–2719 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} H.-B. Fei, M. Jost, S. Popescu, B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich: Entanglement-Induced Two-Photon Transparency, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, p.1679–1682 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} W. Rudolph, M. Sheikbahae, A. Bernstein, L.F. Lester: Femtosecond autocorrelation measurements based on two-photon photoconductivity in ZnSe, Optics Letters 22, p.313–315 (1997)
{Sect. 5.5} S.A. Slattery, D.N. Nikogosyan: Long-period fiber grating inscription under high-intensity 352 nm femtosecond irradiation: Three-photon absorption and energy deposition in cladding, Opt Commun 255, p.81–90 (2005)
{Sect. 5.5} P.P. Markowicz, G.S. He, P.N. Prasad: Direct four-photon excitation of amplified spontaneous emission in a nonlinear organic chromophore, Optics Letters 30, p.1369–1371 (2005)
{Sect. 5.5} A.K. Dharmadhikari, B. Roy, S. Roy, J.A. Dharmadhikari, A. Mishra, G.R. Kumar: Higher-order optical nonlinearities in 4′-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate, Opt Commun 235, p.195–200 (2004)
{Sect. 5.5} H. Wabnitz, L. Bittner, A.R.B. deCastro, R. Dohrmann, P. Gurtler, T. Laarmann, W. Laasch, J. Schulz, A. Swiderski, K. vonHaeften, T. Moller, B. Faatz, A. Fateev, J. Feldhaus, C. Gerth, U. Hahn, E. Saldin, E. Schneidmiller, K. Sytchev, K. Tiedtke, R. Treusch, M. Yurkov: Multiple ionization of atom clusters by intense soft X-rays from a free-electron laser, Nature 420, p.482–485 (2002)
{Sect. 5.5} J. Pe?ina, E.A. Saleh, B. M.C. Teich: Multiphoton absorption cross section and virtual-state spectroscopy for the entangled n-photon state, Physical Review A 57, p.3972–3986 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} P. Langlois, E.P. Ippen: Measurement of pulse asymmetry by three-photon-absorption autocorrelation in a GaAsP photodiode, Optics Letters 24, p.1868–1870 (1999)
{Sect. 5.5} C. Majumder, O.D. Jayakumar, R.K. Vatsa, S.K. Kulshreshtha, J.P. Mittal: Multiphoton ionisation of acetone at 355 nm: a time-of-flight mass spectrometry study, Chem Phys Lett 304, p.51–59 (1999)
{Sect. 5.5} A. Volkmer, K. Wynne, D.J.S. Birch: Near-infrared excitation of alkane ultra-violet fluorescence, Chem Phys Lett 299, p.395–402 (1999)
{Sect. 5.5} M.A. Baig, M. Yaseen, A. Nadeem, R. Ali, S.A. Bhatti: Three-photon excitation of strontium Rydberg levels, Opt Commun 156, p.279–284 (1998)
{Sect. 5.5} D.J. Maas, D.I. Duncan, R.B. Vrijen, W.J. Vanderzande, L.D. Noordam: Vibrational ladder climbing in NO by (sub)picosecond frequencychirped infrared laser pulses, Chem Phys Lett 290, p.75–80 (1998)
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{Sect. 5.5} M. Hippler, M. Quack, R. Schwarz, G. Seyfang, S. Matt, T. Mark: Infrared multiphoton excitation, dissociation and ionization of C-60, Chem Phys Lett 278, p.111–120 (1997)
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{Sect. 5.5} D.K. Sharma, J. Stevenson, G.J. Hoytink: The photo-ionization of mono-and di-sodium tetracene in 2-MTHF at room temperature by nanosecond ruby laser pulses, Chem. Phys. Lett. 29, p.343–348 (1974)
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{Sect. 5.6} F. Legare, I.V. Litvinyuk, P.W. Dooley, F. Quere, A.D. Bandrauk, D.M. Villeneuve, P.B. Corkum: Time-resolved double ionization with few cycle laser pulses — art. no. 093002, Phys Rev Lett 9109, p.3002 (2003)
{Sect. 5.6} M. Rodriguez, R. Sauerbrey, H. Wille, L. Woste, T. Fujii, Y.B. Andre, A. Mysyrowicz, L. Klingbeil, K. Rethmeier, W. Kalkner, J. Kasparian, E. Salmon, J. Yu, J.P. Wolf: Triggering and guiding megavolt discharges by use of laser-induced ionized filaments, Optics Letters 27, p.772–774 (2002)
{Sect. 5.6} V. Sturm, R. Noll: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of gas mixtures of air, CO2, N-2, and C3H8 for simultaneous C, H, O, and N measurement, Appl Opt 42, p.6221–6225 (2003)
{Sect. 5.6} I.G. Dors, C.G. Parigger: Computational fluid-dynamic model of laser-induced breakdown in air, Appl Opt 42, p.5978–5985 (2003)
{Sect. 5.6} V. Detalle, M. Sabsabi, L. StOnge, A. Hamel, R. Heon: Influence of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG wavelengths on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements under air or helium atmosphere, Appl Opt 42, p.5971–5977 (2003)
{Sect. 5.6} V.I. Babushok, F.C. DeLucia, P.J. Dagdigian, M.J. Nusca, A.W. Miziolek: Kinetic modeling of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy plume from metallic lead, Appl Opt 42, p.5947–5962 (2003)
{Sect. 5.6} D.M. Simanovskii, H.A. Schwettman, H. Lee, A.J. Welch: Midinfrared optical breakdown in transparent dielectrics — art. no. 107601, Phys Rev Lett 9110, p.7601 (2003)
{Sect. 5.6} Y.L. Chen, J.W.L. Lewis: Visualization of laser-induced break-down and ignition, Opt Express 9, p.360–372 (2001)
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{Sect. 5.6} N. Akozbek, M. Scalora, C.M. Bowden, S.L. Chin: White-light continuum generation and filamentation during the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in air, Opt Commun 191, p.353–362 (2001)
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{Sect. 5.6} Z.Z. Xu, Y.S. Wang, K. Zhai, X.X. Li, Y.Q. Liu, X.D. Yang, Z.Q. Zhang, W.Q. Zhang: Direct experimental evidence of influence of ionizations on high-order harmonic generation, Opt Commun 158, p.89–92 (1998)
{Sect. 5.6} M. Yoshida, Y. Fujimoto, Y. Hironaka, K.G. Nakamura, K. Kondo, M. Ohtani, H. Tsunemi: Generation of picosecond hard x rays by tera watt laser focusing on a copper target, Appl Phys Lett 73, p.2393–2395 (1998)
{Sect. 5.6} V.G. Babaev, M.S. Dzhidzhoev, V.M. Gordienko, M.A. Joukov, A.B. Savelev, V.Y. Timoshenko, A.A. Shashkov, R.V. Volkov: X-ray production and second harmonic generation by superintense femtosecond laser pulses in the solids with restricted thermal conduction, J Nonlinear Opt Physics Mat 6, p.495–505 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} A. Behjat, J. Lin, G.J. Tallents, A. Demir, M. Kurkcuoglu, C.L.S. Lewis, A.G. MacPhee, S.P. Mccabe, P.J. Warwick, D. Neely, et al.: The effects of multi-pulse irradiation on X-ray laser media, Opt Commun 135, p.49–54 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} T. Ditmire, R.A. Smith, R.S. Marjoribanks, G. Kulcsar, M.H.R. Hutchinson: X-ray yields from Xe clusters heated by short pulse high intensity lasers, Appl Phys Lett 71, p.166–168 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} C. Kan, N.H. Burnett, C.E. Capjack, R. Rankin: Coherent XUV generation from gases ionized by several cycle optical pulses, Phys Rev Lett 79, p.2971–2974 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} W.P. Leemans, R.W. Schoenlein, P. Volfbeyn, A.H. Chin, T.E. Glover, P. Balling, M. Zolotorev, K.J. Kim, S. Chattopadhyay, C.V. Shank: Interaction of relativistic electrons with ultrashort laser pulses: Generation of femtosecond X-rays and microprobing of electron beams, IEEE J QE-33, p.1925–1934 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} O. Meighan, A. Gray, J.P. Mosnier, W. Whitty, J.T. Costello, C.L.S. Lewis, A. Macphee, R. Allott, I.C.E. Turcu, A. Lamb: Short-pulse, extreme-ultraviolet continuum emission from a table-top laser plasma light source, Appl Phys Lett 70, p.1497–1499 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} J.F. Pelletier, M. Chaker, J.C. Kieffer: Soft x-ray emission produced by a sub-picosecond laser in a single-and double-pulse scheme, J Appl Phys 81, p.5980–5983 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} P. Celliers, L.B. DaSilva, C.B. Dane, S. Mrowka, M. Norton, J. Harder, L. Hackel, D.L. Matthews, H. Fiedorowicz, A. Bartnik, et al.: Optimization of x-ray sources for proximity lithography produced by a high average power Nd:glass laser, J Appl Phys 79, p.8258–8268 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} B.N. Chichkov, C. Momma, A. Tunnermann, S. Meyer, T. Menzel, B. Wellegehausen: Hard-x-ray radiation from short-pulse laser-produced plasmas, Appl Phys Lett 68, p.2804–2806 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} M. Fraenkel, A. Zigler, Y. Horowitz, A. Ludmirsky, S. Maman, E. Moshe, Z. Henis, S. Eliezer: Optimal x-ray source development in the spectral range 4–14 angstrom using a Nd:YAG high power laser, J Appl Phys 80, p.5598–5603 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} M. Schnurer, P.V. Nickles, M.P. Kalachnikov, W. Sandner, R. Nolte, P. Ambrosi, J.L. Miquel, A. Dulieu, A. Jolas: Characteristics of hard x-ray emission from subpicosecond laser-produced plasmas, J Appl Phys 80, p.5604–5609 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} R.C. Spitzer, T.J. Orzechowski, D.W. Phillion, R.L. Kauffman, C. Cerjan: Conversion efficiencies from laser-produced plasmas in the extreme ultraviolet regime, J Appl Phys 79, p.2251–2258 (1996)
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{Sect. 5.6} N.S. Kim, A. Djaoui, M.H. Key, D. Neely, S.G. Preston, M. Zepf, C.G. Smith, J.S. Wark, J. Zhang, A.A. Offenberger: Extreme ultraviolet line emission at 24.7 nm from Li-like nitrogen plasma produced by a short KrF excimer laser pulse, Appl Phys Lett 69, p.884–886 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} E.E.B. Campbell, K. Hansen, K. Hoffmann, G. Korn, M. Tchaplyguine, M. Wittmann, I.V. Hertel: From above threshold ionization to statistical electron emission: The laser pulse-duration dependence of C-60 photoelectron spectra, Phys Rev Lett 84, p.2128–2131 (2000)
{Sect. 5.6} E.D. Lancaster, K.L. McNesby, R.G. Daniel, A.W. Miziolek: Spectroscopic analysis of fire suppressants and refrigerants by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Appl Opt 38, p.1476–1480 (1999)
{Sect. 5.6} M. Saito, S. Izumida, K. Onishi, J. Akazawa: Detection efficiency of microparticles in laser breakdown water analysis, J Appl Phys 85, p.6353–6357 (1999)
{Sect. 5.6} M. Nishiura, M. Sasao, M. Bacal: H-laser photodetachment at 1064, 532, and 355 nm in plasma, J Appl Phys 83, p.2944–2949 (1998)
{Sect. 5.6} D.X. Hammer, R.J. Thomas, G.D. Noojin, B.A. Rockwell, P.K. Kennedy, W.P. Roach: Experimental investigation of ultrashort pulse laser-induced breakdown thresholds in aqueous media, IEEE J QE-32, p.670–678 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} S. Chelkowski, P.B. Corkum, A.D. Bandrauk: Femtosecond Coulomb explosion imaging of vibrational wave functions, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.3416–3419 (1999)
{Sect. 5.6} O. Baghdassarian, B. Tabbert, G.A. Williams: Luminescence characteristics of laser-induced bubbles in water, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.2437–2440 (1999)
{Sect. 5.6} L. Koller, M. Schumacher, J. Kohn, S. Teuber, J. Tiggesbaumker, K.H. MeiwesBroer: Plasmon-enhanced multi-ionization of small metal clusters in strong femtosecond laser fields, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.3783–3786 (1999)
{Sect. 5.6} M. Frenz, F. Konz, H. Pratisto, H.P. Weber, A.S. Silenok, V.I. Konov: Starting mechanisms and dynamics of bubble formation induced by a Ho:Yttrium aluminum garnet laser in water, J Appl Phys 84, p.5905–5912 (1998)
{Sect. 5.6} A.B. Fedotov, N.I. Koroteev, A.N. Naumov, D.A. Sidorovbiryukov, A.M. Zheltikov: Coherent four-wave mixing in a laser-preproduced plasma: Optical frequency conversion and two-dimensional mapping of atoms and ions, J Nonlinear Opt Physics Mat 6, p.387–410 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} Q. Feng, J.V. Moloney, A.C. Newell, E.M. Wright, K. Cook, P.K. Kennedy, D.X. Hammer, B.A. Rockwell, C.R. Thompson: Theory and simulation on the threshold of water breakdown induced by focused ultrashort laser pulses, IEEE J QE-33, p.127–137 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} D. Giulietti, L.A. Gizzi, A. Giulietti, A. Macchi, D. Teychenne, P. Chessa, A. Rousse, G. Cheriaux, J.P. Chambaret, G. Darpentigny: Observation of solid-density laminar plasma transparency to intense 30 femtosecond laser pulses, Phys Rev Lett 79, p.3194–3197 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} N. Tsuda, J. Yamada: Observation of forward breakdown mechanism in high-pressure argon plasma produced by irradiation by an excimer laser, J Appl Phys 81, p.582–586 (1997)
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{Sect. 5.6} F.H. Loesel, M.H. Niemz, J.F. Bille, T. Juhasz: Laser-induced optical breakdown on hard and soft tissues and its dependence on the pulse duration: Experiment and model, IEEE J QE-32, p.1717–1722 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} J.D. Moody, B.J. Macgowan, D.E. Hinkel, W.L. Kruer, E.A. Williams, K. Estabrook, R.L. Berger, R.K. Kirkwood, D.S. Montgomery, T.D. Shepard: First optical observation of intensity dependent laser beam deflection in a flowing plasma, Phys Rev Lett 77, p.1294–1297 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} M. Welling, R.I. Thompson, H. Walther: Photodissociation of MgC60 (+) complexes generated and stored in a linear ion trap, Chem Phys Lett 253, p.37–42 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} P. Gibbon, R. Forster: Short-pulse laser-plasma interactions, Plasma.Phys. Control. Fusion 38, p.769–793 (1996)
{Sect. 5.6} Q. Feng, J.V. Moloney, A.C. Newell, E.M. Wright: Laser-induced breakdown versus self-focusing for focused picosecond pulses in water, Optics Letters 20, p.1958–1960 (1995)
{Sect. 5.6} P.K. Kennedy, S.A. Boppart, D.X. Hammer, B.A. Rockwell, G.D. Noojin, W.P. Roach: A first-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in ocular and aqueous media. 2. Comparison to experiment, IEEE J QE-31, p.2250–2257 (1995)
{Sect. 5.6} P.K. Kennedy: A first-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in ocular and aqueous media. 1. Theory, IEEE J QE-31, p.2241–2249 (1995)
{Sect. 5.6} T.X. Phuoc: Laser spark ignition: experimental determination of laser-induced breakdown thresholds of combustion gases, Opt Commun 175, p.419–423 (2000)
{Sect. 5.6} D.X. Hammer, E.D. Jansen, M. Frenz, G.D. Noojin, R.J. Thomas, J. Noack, A. Vogel, B.A. Rockwell, A.J. Welch: Shielding properties of laser-induced breakdown in water for pulse durations from 5 ns to 125 fs, Appl Opt 36, p.5630–5640 (1997)
{Sect. 5.6} D.X. Hammer, G.D. Noojin, R.J. Thomas, C.E. Clary, B.A. Rockwell, C.A. Toth, W.P. Roach: Intraocular laser surgical probe for membrane disruption by laser-induced breakdown, Appl Opt 36, p.1684–1693 (1997)
{Sect. 5.7} E. Gaizauskas, E. Vanagas, V. Jarutis, S. Juodkazis, V. Mizeikis, H. Misawa: Discrete damage traces from filamentation of Gauss-Bessel pulses, Optics Letters 31, p.80–82 (2006)
{Sect. 5.7} H. Krol, L. Gallais, C. GrezesBesset, J.Y. Natoli, M. Commandre: Investigation of nanoprecursors threshold distribution in laser-damage testing, Opt Commun 256, p.184–189 (2005)
{Sect. 5.7} R. Chow, M. Runkel, J.R. Taylor: Laser damage testing of small optics for the National Ignition Facility, Appl Opt 44, p.3527–3531 (2005)
{Sect. 5.7} C.W. Carr, H.B. Radousky, S.G. Demos: Wavelength dependence of laser-induced damage: Determining the damage initiation mechanisms — art. no. 127402, Phys Rev Lett 9112, p.7402 (2003)
{Sect. 5.7} A. During, M. Commandre, C. Fossati, B. Bertussi, J.Y. Natoli, J.L. Rullier, H. Bercegol, P. Bouchut: Integrated photothermal microscope and laser damage test facility for in-situ investigation of nanodefect induced damage, Opt Express 11, p.2497–2501 (2003)
{Sect. 5.7} L. Gallais, J.Y. Natoli: Optimized metrology for laser-damage measurement: application to multiparameter study, Appl Opt 42, p.960–971 (2003)
{Sect. 5.7} L. Gallais, J.Y. Natoli, C. Amra: Statistical study of single and multiple pulse laser-induced damage in glasses, Opt Express 10, p.1465–1474 (2002)
{Sect. 5.7} S.G. Demos, M. Staggs, K. Minoshima, J. Fujimoto: Characterization of laser induced damage sites in optical components, Opt Express 10, p.1444–1450 (2002)
{Sect. 5.7} J.Y. Natoli, L. Gallais, H. Akhouayri, C. Amra: Laser-induced damage of materials in bulk, thin-film, and liquid forms, Appl Opt 41, p.3156–3166 (2002)
{Sect. 5.7} S.G. Demos, M. Staggs: Application of fluorescence microscopy for noninvasive detection of surface contamination and precursors to laser-induced damage, Appl Opt 41, p.1977–1983 (2002)
{Sect. 5.7} M. Grisham, G. Vaschenko, C.S. Menoni, J.J. Rocca, Y.P. Pershyn, E.N. Zubarev, D.L. Voronov, V.A. Sevryukova, V.V. Kondratenko, A.V. Vinogradov, I.A. Artioukov: Damage to extreme-ultraviolet Sc/Si multilayer mirrors exposed to intense 46.9-nm laser pulses, Optics Letters 29, p.620–622 (2004)
{Sect. 5.7} E.J. Takahashi, H. Hasegawa, Y. Nabekawa, K. Midorikawa: High-throughput, high-damage-threshold broadband beam splitter for high-order harmonics in the extreme-ultraviolet region, Optics Letters 29, p.507–509 (2004)
{Sect. 5.7} Y. Fu, H.F. Wang, R.Y. Shi, J.X. Cheng: Characterization of photodamage in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, Opt Express 14, p.3942–3951 (2006)
{Sect. 5.7} S.Z. Xu, T.Q. Jia, H.Y. Sun, C.B. Li, X. Li, D.H. Feng, J.R. Qiu, Z.Z. Xu: Mechanisms of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown and damage in MgO, Opt Commun 259, p.274–280 (2006)
{Sect. 5.7} S.G. Demos, M. Staggs, M.R. Kozlowski: Investigation of processes leading to damage growth in optical materials for large-aperture lasers, Appl Opt 41, p.3628–3633 (2002)
{Sect. 5.7} S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, S.D. Moustaizis, D. Anglos, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz: Femtosecond and picosecond ultraviolet laser filaments in air: experiments and simulations, Opt Commun 197, p.131–143 (2001)
{Sect. 5.7} R. M. Wood: Laser Damage in Optical Materials (SPIE Optical Engineering Press, London, 1990)
{Sect. 5.7} E.S. Bliss: Pulse Duration Dependence of Laser Damage Mechanisms, Opto-Electr. 3, p.99–108 (1971)
{Sect. 5.7} F. Loewenthal, R. Tommasini, J.E. Balmer: Single-shot measurement of laser-induced damage thresholds of thin film coatings, Opt Commun 152, p.168–174 (1998)
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{Sect. 5.7} F. Dahmani, A.W. Schmid, J.C. Lambropoulos, S. Burns: Dependence of birefringence and residual stress near laser-induced cracks in fused silica on laser fluence and on laser-pulse number, Appl Opt 37, p.7772–7784 (1998)
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{Sect. 5.7} V. Pruneri, P.G. Kazansky, J. Webjörn, P.St.J. Russell, D.C. Hanna: Self-organized light-induced scattering in periodically poled lithium niobate, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, p.1957–1959 (1995)
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{Sect. 5.7} D.A. Bryan, R.R. Rice, R. Gerson, H.E. Tomaschke, K.L. Sweeney, L.E. Halliburton: Magnesium-doped lithium niobate for higher optical power applications, Opt. Eng. 24, p.138–143 (1985)
{Sect. 5.7} N. Bloembergen: Role of Cracks, Pores, and Absorbing Inclusions on Laser Induced Damage Threshold at Surfaces of Transparent Dielectrics, Appl. Opt. 12, p.661–664 (1973)
{Sect. 5.7} N.L. Boling, G. Dubé: Laser-induced inclusion damage at surfaces of transparent dielectrics, Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, p.658–660 (1973)
{Sect. 5.7} N.L. Boling, M.D. Crisp, G. Dubé: Laser Induced Surface Damage, Appl. Opt. 12, p.650–660 (1973)
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{Sect. 5.7} M. Castillejo, S. Couris, E. Koudoumas, M. Martin: Ionization and fragmentation of aromatic and single-bonded hydrocarbons with 50 fs laser pulses at 800 nm, Chem Phys Lett 308, p.373–380 (1999)
{Sect. 5.7} S. Wennmalm, R. Rigler: On death numbers and survival times of single dye molecules, J Phys Chem B 103, p.2516–2519 (1999)
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{Sect. 5.7} R.K. Talukdar, M. Hunter, R.F. Warren, J.B. Burkholder, A.R. Ravishankara: UV laser photodissociation of CF2ClBr and CF2Br2 at 298 K: Quantum yields of Cl, Br, and CF2, Chem Phys Lett 262, p.669–674 (1996)
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{Sect. 5.7} A. Saemann, K. Eidmann: X-ray emission from metallic (Al) and dielectric (glass) targets irradiated by intense ultrashort laser pulses, Appl Phys Lett 73, p.1334–1336 (1998)
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{Sect. 5.7} E.L. Dawes, J.H. Marburger: Computer Studies in Self-Focusing, Phys. Rev. 179, p.862–868 (1969)
{Sect. 5.8} D. Bäuerle: Laser Processing and Chemistry (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1996)
{Sect. 5.8} R. Iffländer: Solid-State Lasers for Materials Processing (Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, New York, 2001)
{Sect. 5.8} J. C. Miller (ed.): Laser Ablation (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1994)
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{Sect. 5.8} A.F.H. Kaplan: An analytical model of metal cutting with a laser beam, J Appl Phys 79, p.2198–2208 (1996)
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{Sect. 5.8} H. Dachraoui, W. Husinsky: Thresholds of plasma formation in silicon identified by optimizing the ablation laser pulse form — art. no. 107601, Phys Rev Lett 9710, p.7601 (2006)
{Sect. 5.8} G. Vaschenko, A.G. Etxarri, C.S. Menoni, J.J. Rocca, O. Hemberg, S. Bloom, W. Chao, E.H. Anderson, D.T. Attwood, Y. Lu, B. Parkinson: Nanometer-scale ablation with a table-top soft x-ray laser, Optics Letters 31, p.3615–3617 (2006)
{Sect. 5.8} J.S. Yahng, B.H. Chon, C.H. Kim, S.C. Jeoung, H.R. Kim: Nonlinear enhancement of femtosecond laser ablation efficiency by hybridization with nanosecond laser, Opt Express 14, p.9544–9550 (2006)
{Sect. 5.8} J. Ren, M. Kelly, L. Hesselink: Laser ablation of silicon in water with nanosecond and femtosecond pulses, Optics Letters 30, p.1740–1742 (2005)
{Sect. 5.8} J. König, S. Nolte, A. Tunnermann: Plasma evolution during metal ablation with ultrashort laser pulses, Opt Express 13, p.10597–10607 (2005)
{Sect. 5.8} M. Ostermeyer, P. Kappe, R. Menzel, S. Sommer, F. Dausinger: Laser drilling in thin materials with bursts of ns-pulses generated by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), Appl Phys A Mat Sci Process 81, p.923–927 (2005)
{Sect. 5.8} D. Perez, L.J. Lewis: Ablation of solids under femtosecond laser pulses — art. no. 255504, Phys Rev Lett 8925, p.5504 (2002)
{Sect. 5.8} Y. Li, K. Yamada, T. Ishizuka, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, Z.X. Zhou: Single femtosecond pulse holography using polymethyl methacrylate, Opt Express 10, p.1173–1178 (2002)
{Sect. 5.8} C. Hahn, T. Lippert, A. Wokaun: Comparison of the ablation behavior of polymer films in the IR and UV with nanosecond and picosecond pulses, J Phys Chem B 103, p.1287–1294 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} T.E. Itina, W. Marine, M. Autric: Nonstationary effects in pulsed laser ablation, J Appl Phys 85, p.7905–7908 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} J. Muramoto, I. Sakamoto, Y. Nakata, T. Okada, M. Maeda: Influence of electric field on the behavior of Si nanoparticles generated by laser ablation, Appl Phys Lett 75, p.751–753 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} D. Sands, F.X. Wagner, P.H. Key: Evidence for a thermal mechanism in excimer laser ablation of thin film ZnS on Si, J Appl Phys 85, p.3855–3859 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} A. Cavalleri, K. SokolowskiTinten, J. Bialkowski, D. vonder-Linde: Femtosecond laser ablation of gallium arsenide investigated with time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, Appl Phys Lett 72, p.2385–2387 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} C. Egami, Y. Kawata, Y. Aoshima, H. Takeyama, F. Iwata, O. Sugihara, M. Tsuchimori, O. Watanabe, H. Fujimura, N. Okamoto: Visible-laser ablation on a nanometer scale using urethane-urea copolymers, Opt Commun 157, p.150–154 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} T.W. Hodapp, P.R. Fleming: Modeling topology formation during laser ablation, J Appl Phys 84, p.577–583 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} H. Schmidt, J. Ihlemann, B. WolffRottke, K. Luther, J. Troe: Ultraviolet laser ablation of polymers: spot size, pulse duration, and plume attenuation effects explained, J Appl Phys 83, p.5458–5468 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} J. Zhang, K. Sugioka, K. Midorikawa: Direct fabrication of microgratings in fused quartz by laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation with a KrF excimer laser, Optics Letters 23, p.1486–1488 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} T.G. Barton, H.J. Foth, M. Christ, K. Hormann: Interaction of holmium laser radiation and cortical bone: Ablation and thermal damage in a turbid medium, Appl Opt 36, p.32–43 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} D.J. Krajnovich: Near-threshold photoablation characteristics of polyimide and poly (ethylene terephthalate), J Appl Phys 82, p.427–435 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} X. Liu, D. Du, G. Mourou: Laser ablation and micromachining with ultrashort laser pulses, IEEE J QE-33, p.1706–1716 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} L.V. Zhigilei, B.J. Garrison: Velocity distributions of molecules ejected in laser ablation, Appl Phys Lett 71, p.551–553 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} G.B. Blanchet, C.R. Fincher: Laser ablation: Selective unzipping of addition polymers, Appl Phys Lett 68, p.929–931 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} C.G. Gill, T.M. Allen, J.E. Anderson, T.N. Taylor, P.B. Kelly, N.S. Nogar: Low-power resonant laser ablation of copper, Appl Opt 35, p.2069–2082 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} W. Kautek, J. Kruger, M. Lenzner, S. Sartania, C. Spielmann, F. Krausz: Laser ablation of dielectrics with pulse durations between 20 fs and 3 ps, Appl Phys Lett 69, p.3146–3148 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} C. Momma, B.N. Chichkov, S. Nolte, F. von Alvensleben, A. Tunnermann, H. Welling, B. Wellegehausen: Short-pulse laser ablation of solid targets, Opt Commun 129, p.134–142 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} M.A. Shannon, B. Rubinsky, R.E. Russon: Mechanical stress power measurements during high-power laser ablation, J Appl Phys 80, p.4665–4672 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} J. Serbin, A. Egbert, A. Ostendorf, B.N. Chichkov, R. Houbertz, G. Domann, J. Schulz, C. Cronauer, L. Fröhlich, M. Popall: Femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization of inorganic-organic hybrid materials for applications in photonics, Optics Letters 28, p.301–303 (2003)
{Sect. 5.8} M. Ams, G.D. Marshall, M.J. Withford: Study of the influence of femtosecond laser polarisation on direct writing of waveguides, Opt Express 14, p.13158–13163 (2006)
{Sect. 5.8} A.Y. Vorobyev, C.L. Guo: Femtosecond laser nanostructuring of metals, Opt Express 14, p.2164–2169 (2006)
{Sect. 5.8} A.K. Das: Laser direct writing polymeric single-mode waveguide devices with a rib structure, Appl Opt 42, p.1236–1243 (2003)
{Sect. 5.8} J.M. FitzGerald, A. Pique, D.B. Chrisey, P.D. Rack, M. Zeleznik, R.C.Y. Auyeung, S. Lakeou: Laser direct writing of phosphor screens for high-definition displays, Appl Phys Lett 76, p.1386–1388 (2000)
{Sect. 5.8} L.D. Wang, H.S. Kwok: Pulsed laser deposition of organic thin films, Thin Solid Films 363, p.58–60 (2000)
{Sect. 5.8} M.C. Wanke, O. Lehmann, K. Müller, Q.Z. Wen, M. Stuke: Laser rapid prototyping of photonic band-gap microstructures, Science 275, p.1284–1286 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} R.L. Gordon, G.W. Forbes: Gaussian beams with optimal focal properties, Opt Commun 124, p.195–201 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} D.H. Lowndes, D.B. Geohegan, A.A. Puretzky, D.P. Norton, C.M. Rouleau: Synthesis of novel thin-film materials by pulsed laser deposition, Science 273, p.898–903 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} R.W. Mcgowan, D.M. Giltner, S.A. Lee: Light force cooling, focusing, and nanometer-scale deposition of aluminum atoms, Optics Letters 20, p.2535–2537 (1995)
{Sect. 5.8} O. Lehmann, M. Stuke: Laser-driven movement of three-dimensional microstructures generated by laser rapid prototyping, Science 270, p.1644–1646 (1995)
{Sect. 5.8} B. Dragnea, B. Bourguignon: Photoinduced effects in UV laser melting of Si in UHV, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.3085–3088 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} E.N. Sobol, M.S. Kitai, N. Jones, A.P. Sviridov, T. Milner, B.J.F. Wong: Heating and structural alterations in cartilage under laser radiation, IEEE J QE-35, p.532–539 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} C.W. Siders, A. Cavalleri, K. SokolowskiTinten, C. Toth, T. Guo, M. Kammler, M.H. vonHoegen, K.R. Wilson, D. vonderLinde, C.P.J. Barty: Detection of nonthermal molting by ultrafast X-ray diffraction, Science 286, p.1340–1342 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} S.C. Chen, C.P. Grigoropoulos, H.K. Park, P. Kerstens, A.C. Tarn: Photothermal displacement measurement of transient melting and surface deformation during pulsed laser heating, Appl Phys Lett 73, p.2093–2095 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} M. Ii, T.P. Duffey, J. Mazumder: Spatially and temporally resolved temperature measurements of plasma generated in percussion drilling with a diode-pumped Nd: YAG laser, J Appl Phys 84, p.4122–4127 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} V.V. Gupta, H.J. Song, J.S. Im: Numerical analysis of excimer-laser-induced melting and solidification of thin Si films, Appl Phys Lett 71, p.99–101 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} XD. Lacroix, G. Jeandel: Spectroscopic characterization of laser-induced plasma created during welding with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, J Appl Phys 81, p.6599–6606 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} J. Xie, A. Kar: Mathematical modeling of melting during laser materials processing, J Appl Phys 81, p.3015–3022 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} N. Arnold: Temperature distributions and their evolution in non-planar energy beam microprocessing: A fast algorithm, J Appl Phys 80, p.1291–1298 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} B.A. Mehmetli, K. Takahashi, S. Sato: Direct measurement of reflectance from aluminum alloys during CO2 laser welding, Appl Opt 35, p.3237–3242 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} S. Nettesheim, R. Zenobi: Pulsed laser heating of surfaces: Nanosecond timescale temperature measurement using black body radiation, Chem Phys Lett 255, p.39–44 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} S. Sato, K. Takahashi, B. Mehmetli: Polarization effects of a high-power CO2 laser beam on aluminum alloy weldability, J Appl Phys 79, p.8917–8919 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} P.L. Silvestrelli, A. Alavi, M. Parrinello, D. Frenkel: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of laser melting of silicon, Phys Rev Lett 77, p.3149–3152 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} K. Murakami, H.C. Gerritsen, H. van Brug, F. Bijkerk, F.W. Saris, M.J. van der Wiel: Pulsed-Laser-Irradiated Silicon Studied by Time-Resolved X-Ray Absorption (90-300 eVI, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, p.655–658 (1986)
{Sect. 5.8} I.W. Boyd, S.C. Moss, T.F. Bogges, A.L. Smirl: Temporally resolved imaging of silicon surfaces melted with intense picosecond 1-μm laser pulses, Appl. Phys. Lett. 46, p.366–368 (1985)
{Sect. 5.8} M.C. Downer, R.L. Fork, C.V. Shank: Femtosecond imaging of melting and evaporation at a photoexcited silicon surface, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2, p.595–599 (1985)
{Sect. 5.8} P.H. Bucksbaum, J. Bokor: Rapid Melting and Regrowth Velocities in Silicon Heated by Ultraviolet Picosecond Laser Pulses, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, p.182–185 (1984)
{Sect. 5.8} S. Williamson, G. Mourou, J.C.M. Li: Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Phase Transformation in Aluminium, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, p.2364–2367 (1984)
{Sect. 5.8} C.V. Shank, R. Yen, C. Hirlimann: Femtosecond-Time-Resolved Surface Structural Dynamics of Optically Excited Silicon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, p.900–902 (1983)
{Sect. 5.8} S. Sato, H. Ashida, T. Arai, Y.W. Shi, Y. Matsuura, M. Miyagi: Vacuum-cored hollow waveguide for transmission of high-energy, nanosecond Nd: YAG laser pulses and its application to biological tissue ablation, Optics Letters 25, p.49–51 (2000)
{Sect. 5.8} S.R. Farrar, D.C. Attril, M.R. Dickinson, T.A. King, A.S. Blinkhorn: Etch rate and spectroscopic ablation studies of Er:YAG laser-irradiated dentine, Appl Opt 36, p.5641–5646 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} G.H. Pettit, M.N. Ediger: Corneal-tissue absorption coefficients for 193-and 213-nm ultraviolet radiation, Appl Opt 35, p.3386–3391 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} P.T. Staveteig, J.T. Walsh: Dynamic 193-nm optical properties of water, Appl Opt 35, p.3392–3403 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} J.K. Kou, V. Zhakhovskii, S. Sakabe, K. Nishihara, S. Shimizu, S. Kawato, M. Hashida, K. Shimizu, S. Bulanov, Y. Izawa et al.: Anisotropic Coulomb explosion of C-60 irradiated with a high-intensity femtosecond laser pulse, J Chem Phys 112, p.5012–5020 (2000)
{Sect. 5.8} K.W.D. Ledingham, I. Spencer, T. McCanny, R.P. Singhal, M.I.K. Santala, E. Clark, I. Watts, F.N. Beg, M. Zepf, K. Krushelnick et al.: Photonuclear physics when a multiterawatt laser pulse interacts with solid targets, Phys Rev Lett 84, p.899–902 (2000)
{Sect. 5.8} A. Talebpour, A.D. Bandrauk, S.L. Chin: Fragmentation of benzene in an intense Ti: sapphire laser pulse, Laser Phys 10, p.210–215 (2000)
{Sect. 5.8} M.K. Grimes, A.R. Rundquist, Y.S. Lee, M.C. Downer: Exper-imental identification of “vacuum heating” at femtosecond-laser-irradiated metal surfaces, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.4010–4013 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} H. Kwak, K.C. Chou, J. Guo, H.W.K. Tom: Femtosecond laser-induced disorder of the (1 x 1)-relaxed GaAs (110) surface, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.3745–3748 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} M.D. Perry, B.C. Stuart, P.S. Banks, M.D. Feit, V. Yanovsky, A.M. Rubenchik: Ultrashort-pulse laser machining of dielectric materials, J Appl Phys 85, p.6803–6810 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} A. Saemann, K. Eidmann, I.E. Golovkin, R.C. Mancini, E. Andersson, E. Forster, K. Witte: Isochoric heating of solid aluminum by ultrashort laser pulses focused on a tamped target, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.4843–4846 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} H. Jelinkova, J. Sulc, P. Cerny, Y.W. Shi, Y. Matsuura, M. Miyagi: High-power Nd: YAG laser picosecond pulse delivery by a polymer-coated silver hollow-glass waveguide, Optics Letters 24, p.957–959 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} Y. Matsuura, K. Hanamoto, S. Sato, M. Miyagi: Hollow-fiber delivery of high-power pulsed Nd: YAG laser light, Optics Letters 23, p.1858–1860 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} P. Dainesi, J. Ihlemann, P. Simon: Optimization of a beam delivery system for a short-pulse KrF laser used for material ablation, Appl Opt 36, p.7080–7085 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} H. Pratisto, M. Frenz, M. Ith, H.J. Altermatt, E.D. Jansen, H.P. Weber: Combination of fiber-guided pulsed erbium and holmium laser radiation for tissue ablation under water, Appl Opt 35, p.3328–3337 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} B. Richou, I. Schertz, I. Gobin, J. Richou: Delivery of 10-MW Nd:YAG laser pulses by large-core optical fibers: Dependence of the laser-intensity profile on beam propagation, Appl Opt 36, p.1610–1614 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} A. Baum, P.J. Scully, M. Basanta, C.L.P. Thomas, P.R. Fielden, N.J. Goddard, W. Perrie, P.R. Chalker: Photochemistry of refractive index structures in poly(Methyl methacrylate) by femtosecond laser irradiation, Optics Letters 32, p.190–192 (2007)
{Sect. 5.8} L. Shah, M.E. Fermann, J.W. Dawson, C.P.J. Barty: Micro-machining with a 50 W, 50 mu J, sub-picosecond fiber laser system, Opt Express 14, p.12546–12551 (2006)
{Sect. 5.8} Y. Cheng, K. Sugioka, K. Midorikawa: Freestanding optical fibers fabricated in a glass chip using femtosecond laser micromachining for lab-on-a-chip application, Opt Express 13, p.7225–7232 (2005)
{Sect. 5.8} D. Day, M. Gu: MicroChannel fabrication in PMMA based on localized heating by nanojoule high repetition rate femtosecond pulses, Opt Express 13, p.5939–5946 (2005)
{Sect. 5.8} L. Shah, J. Tawney, M. Richardson, K. Richardson: Self-focusing during femtosecond micromachining of silicate glasses, Ieee J Quantum Electron 40, p.57–68 (2004)
{Sect. 5.8} G. Cerullo, R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, M. Marangoni, D. Polli, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, S. DeSilvestri: Femtosecond micromachining of symmetric waveguides at 1.5 mu m by astigmatic beam focusing, Optics Letters 27, p.1938–1940 (2002)
{Sect. 5.8} W.S.O. Rodden, S.S. Kudesia, D.P. Hand, J.D.C. Jones: A comprehensive study of the long pulse Nd: YAG laser drilling of multi-layer carbon fibre composites, Opt Commun 210, p.319–328 (2002)
{Sect. 5.8} T.E. Dimmick, G. Kakarantzas, T.A. Birks, P.S. Russell: Carbon dioxide laser fabrication of fused-fiber couplers and tapers, Appl Opt 38, p.6845–6848 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} S. Mailis, I. Zergioti, G. Koundourakis, A. Ikiades, A. Patentalaki, P. Papakonstantinou, N.A. Vainos, C. Fotakis: Etching and printing of diffractive optical microstructures by a femtosecond excimer laser, Appl Opt 38, p.2301–2308 (1999)
{Sect. 5.8} D. Ashkenasi, H. Varel, A. Rosenfeld, S. Henz, J. Herrmann, E.E.B. Cambell: Application of self-focusing of ps laser pulses for three-dimensional microstructuring of transparent materials, Appl Phys Lett 72, p. 1442–1444 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} T.H. Her, R.J. Finlay, C. Wu, S. Deliwala, E. Mazur: Microstructuring of silicon with femtosecond laser pulses, Appl Phys Lett 73, p. 1673–1675 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} T. Hessler, M. Rossi, R.E. Kunz, M.T. Gale: Analysis and optimization of fabrication of continuous-relief diffractive optical elements, Appl Opt 37, p.4069–4079 (1998)
{Sect. 5.8} K. Baba, K. Hayashi, I. Syuaib, K. Yamaki, M. Miyagi: Write-once optical data storage media with large reflectance change with metal-island films, Appl Opt 36, p.2421–2426 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} G.P. Behrmann, M.T. Duignan: Excimer laser micromachining for rapid fabrication of diffractive optical elements, Appl Opt 36, p.4666–4674 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} X.M. Wang, J.R. Leger, R.H. Rediker: Rapid fabrication of diffractive optical elements by use of image-based excimer laser ablation, Appl Opt 36, p.4660–4665 (1997)
{Sect. 5.8} P.A. Atanasova, V.P. Manolov: Laser cutting of wire-wound resistors: Theory and experiments, J Appl Phys 80, p.2003–2008 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} W. Chalupczak, C. Fiorini, F. Charra, J.M. Nunzi, P. Raimond: Efficient all-optical poling of an azo-dye copolymer using a low power laser, Opt Commun 126, p.103–107 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} K.M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, K. Hirao: Writing wave-guides in glass with a femtosecond laser, Optics Letters 21, p. 1729–1731 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} S. Lazare, J. Lopez, J.M. Turlet, M. Kufner, S. Kufner, P. Chavel: Microlenses fabricated by ultraviolet excimer laser irradiation of poly (methyl methacrylate) followed by styrene diffusion, Appl Opt 35, p.4471–4475 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} T. Schuster, H. Kuhn, A. Raiber, T. Abeln, F. Dausinger, H. Hugel, M. Klaser, G. Mullervogt: High-precision laser cutting of high-temperature superconductors, Appl Phys Lett 68, p.2568–2570 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} Y.Y. Tsui, R. Fedosejevs, C.E. Capjack: Vaporization of aluminum by 50 ps KrF laser pulses, J Appl Phys 80, p.509–512 (1996)
{Sect. 5.8} B. Bescos, H. Buchenau, R. Hoch, H.J. Schmidtke, G. Gerber: Femtosecond laser ionization of CdTe clusters, Chem Phys Lett 285, p.64–70 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.1} D. Maystre: Diffraction Gratings (SPIE Optical Engineering Press, London, 1993)
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{Sect. 5.9.1} V.A. Zuikov, A.A. Kalachev, V.V. Samartsev, I.V. Negrashov, A.K. Rebane, I. Gallus, O. Ollikainen, U.P. Wild: Spatial and spectral properties of nonequilibrium population gratings induced in a resonant medium by femtosecond pulses, Laser Phys 10, p.368–371 (2000)
{Sect. 5.9.1} Y. Tang, J.P. Schmidt, S.A. Reid: Nanosecond transient grating studies of jet-cooled NO2, J Chem Phys 110, p.5734–5744 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.1} N.C.R. Holme, L. Nikolova, P.S. Ramanujam, S. Hvilsted: An analysis of the anisotropic and topographic gratings in a side-chain liquid crystalline azobenzene polyester, Appl Phys Lett 70, p.1518–1520 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.1} M.J. Damzen, Y. Matsumoto, G.J. Crofts, R.P.M. Green: Bragg-selectivity of a volume gain grating, Opt Commun 123, p.182–188 (1996)
{Sect. 5.9.1} D. Trivedi, P. Tayebati, M. Tabat: Measurement of large electro-optic coefficients in thin films of strontium barium niobate (Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6), Appl Phys Lett 68, p.3227–3229 (1996)
{Sect. 5.9.1} A. Belendez, A. Fimia, L. Carretero, F. Mateos: Self-induced phase gratings due to the inhomogeneous structure of acrylamide photopolymer systems used as holographic recording materials, Appl Phys Lett 67, p.3856–3858 (1995)
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{Sect. 5.9.1} H.J. Eichler, U. Klein, D. Langhans: Coherence Time Measurement of Picosecond Pulses by a Light-Induced Grating Method, Appl. Phys. 21, p.215–219 (1980)
{Sect. 5.9.1} J.R. Salcedo, A.E. Siegman: Laser Induced Photoacoustic Grating Effects in Molecular Crystals, IEEE J. QE-15, p.250–258 (1979)
{Sect. 5.9.1} A. v. Jena, H.E. Lessing: Theory of laser-induced amplitude and phase gratings including photoselection, orientational relaxation and population kinetics, Opt. Quant. Electr. 11, p.419–439 (1979)
{Sect. 5.9.1} J.R. Salcedo, A.E. Siegman, D.D. Dlott, M.D. Fayer: Dynamics of Energy Transport in Molecular Crystals: The Picosecond Transient-Grating Method, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, p.131–134 (1978)
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{Sect. 5.9.1} H. Eichler, G. Salje, H. Stahl: Thermal diffusion measurements using spatially periodic temperature distributions induced by laser light, J. Appl. Phys. 44, p.5383–5388 (1973)
{Sect. 5.9.1} H. Eichler, G. Enterlein, P. Glozbach, J. Munschau, H. Stahl: Power Requirements and Resolution of Real-Time Holograms in Saturable Absorbers and Absorbing Liquids, Appl. Opt. 11, p.372–375 (1972)
{Sect. 5.9.1} P. Delaye, G. Roosen: Evaluation of a photorefractive two-beam coupling novelty filter, Opt Commun 165, p.133–151 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.1} A. Pecchia, M. Laurito, P. Apai, M.B. Danailov: Studies of two-wave mixing of very broad-spectrum laser light in BaTiO3, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 16, p.917–923 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.1} Y. Tomita, S. Matsushima: Photorefractive beam coupling between orthogonally polarized light beams by linear dichroism in Cu-doped potassium sodium strontium barium niobate, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 16, p.111–116 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.1} A. Brignon, I. Bongrand, B. Loiseaux, J.P. Huignard: Signal-beam amplification by two-wave mixing in a liquid-crystal light valve, Optics Letters 22, p.1855–1857 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.1} S. Maccormack, G.D. Bacher, J. Feinberg, S. OBrien, R.J. Lang, M.B. Klein, B.A. Wechsler: Powerful, diffraction-limited semiconductor laser using photorefractive beam coupling, Optics Letters 22, p.227–229 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.1} P. Yeh: Two-Wave Mixing in Nonlinear Media, IEEE J. QE-25, p.484–519 (1989)
{Sect. 5.9.1} I. McMichael, P. Yeh, P. Beckwith: Nondegenerate two-wave mixing in ruby, Opt. Lett. 13, p.500–502 (1988)
{Sect. 5.9.1} C.V. Heer: Small-signal gain generated by two pump waves in a nonlinear medium, Opt. Lett. 6, p.549–551 (1981)
{Sect. 5.9.1} J.E. Heebner, R.S. Bennink, R.W. Boyd, R.A. Fisher: Conversion of unpolarized light to polarized light with greater than 50% efficiency by photorefractive two-beam coupling, Optics Letters 25, p.257–259 (2000)
{Sect. 5.9.1} A. Brignon, J.P. Huignard, M.H. Garrett, I. Mnushkina: Spatial beam cleanup of a Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.06 mu m with two-wave mixing in Rh:BaTiO3, Appl Opt 36, p.7788–7793 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.1} A. Takada, M. Croningolomb: Laser beam cleanup with photorefractive two-beam coupling, Optics Letters 20, p.1459–1461 (1995)
{Sect. 5.9.2} S.V. Rao, N.K.M.N Srinivas, D.N. Rao, L. Giribabu, B.G. Maiya, R. Philip, G.R. Kumar: Excited state dynamics in tetra tolyl porphyrins studied using degenerate four wave mixing with incoherent light and ps pulses, Opt Commun 192, p.123–133 (2001)
{Sect. 5.9.2} P.C. deSouza, G. Nader, T. Catunda, M. Muramatsu, R.J. Horowicz: Transient four-wave mixing in saturable media with a nonlinear refractive index, Opt Commun 163, p.44–48 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.2} F. DiTeodoro, E.F. McCormack: The effect of laser bandwidth on the signal detected in two-color, resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy, J Chem Phys 110, p.8369–8383 (1999)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} J.A. Hudgings, K.Y. Lan: Step-tunable all-optical wavelength conversion using cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing, IEEE J QE-34, p.1349–1355 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.2} H.B. Liao, R.F. Xiao, H. Wang, K.S. Wong, G.K.L. Wong: Large third-order optical nonlinearity in Au:TiO2 composite films measured on a femtosecond time scale, Appl Phys Lett 72, p.1817–1819 (1998)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} V.P. Kaiosha, J. Herrmann: Formation of optical subcycle pulses and full Maxwell-Bloch solitary waves by coherent propagation effects, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.544–547 (1999)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} O.L. Antipov, A.S. Kuzhelev, D.V. Chausov: Nondegenerate four-wave-mixing measurements of a resonantly induced refractive-index grating in a Nd:YAG amplifier, Optics Letters 23, p.448–450 (1998)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} L. Deng, W.R. Garrett, M.G. Payne, D.Z. Lee: Observation of a critical concentration in laser-induced transparency and multiphoton excitation and ionization in rubidium, Optics Letters 21, p.928–930 (1996)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} J.W. Nibler, J.R. McDonald, A.B. Harvey: CARS Measurement of Vibrational Temperatures in Electric Discharges, Opt. Comm. 18, p.371–373 (1976)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} A.M. Scott, K.D. Ridley: A review of Brillouin-enhanced-four-wave-mixing, IEEE J. QE-25, p.438–459 (1989)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} X.W. Xia, D. Hsiung, P.S. Bhatia, M.S. Shahriar, T.T. Grove, P.R. Hemmer: Polarization selective motional holeburning for high efficiency, degenerate optical phase conjugation in rubidium, Opt Commun 191, p.347–351 (2001)
{Sect. 5.9.2} G. Urushibata, Y. Tamaki, M. Obara: Generation of highly efficient self-pumped phase conjugation femtosecond pulse using photorefractive BaTiO3: CO crystal, Opt Commun 196, p.281–284 (2001)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} Y. R. Shen: Principles of Nonlinear Optics, chapter 14 (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1984)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} M. Gower, D. Proch (ed.): Optical Phase Conjugation (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1994)
{Sect. 5.9.2} J. I. Sakai: Phase Conjugate Optics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1992)
{Sect. 5.9.2} B. Y. Zel’dovich, N. Pilipettshii: Principles in Phase Conjugation (Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, New York, 1985)
{Sect. 5.9.2} Z.D. Xu, Y.F. Liu, Y. Xiang, J. Yang, S.J. You, W.L. She: Optical phase conjugation property in azo-doped nematic liquid-crystal film, Acta Phys Sin Chinese Ed 48, p.2283–2288 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.2} A. Brignon, S. Senac, J.L. Ayral, J.P. Huignard: Rhodiumdoped barium titanate phase-conjugate mirror for an all-solidstate, high-repetition-rate, diode-pumped Nd:YAG master-oscillator power amplifier laser, Appl Opt 37, p.3990–3995 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.2} G.S. He, P.N. Prasad: Phase-conjugation property of onephoton pumped backward stimulated emission from a lasing medium, IEEE J QE-34, p.473–481 (1998)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} A. Miniewicz, S. Bartkiewicz, J. Parka: Optical phase conjugation in dye-doped nematic liquid crystal, Opt Commun 149, p.89–95 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.2} W.L. She, W.K. Lee: Crystal-air interface enhanced selfpumped phase conjugation in photorefractive crystals, Opt Commun 146, p.249–252 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.2} A. Brignon, J.P. Huignard, M.H. Garrett, I. Mnushkina: Selfpumped phase conjugation in rhodium-doped BaTiO3 with 1.06-mu m nanosecond pulses, Optics Letters 22, p.215–217 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.2} R. Gutierrezcastrejon, K.M. Hung, T.J. Hall: Spatial evolution of the phase in resonant degenerate four-wave mixing, Opt Commun 138, p.227–234 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.2} R.K. Mohan, C.K. Subramanian: Transient phase conjugation in dye-doped polymer saturable absorbers, Opt Commun 144, p.322–330 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.2} P.P. Vasilev, I.H. White: Phase-conjugation broad area twin-contact semiconductor laser, Appl Phys Lett 71, p.40–42 (1997)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} S.S. Alimpiev, I.V. Mel’nikov, V.S. Nersisyan, S.M. Nikiforov, E.G. Sartakov: Phase conjugation of CO2 laser radiation in cryogenic liquids, Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 20, p.1507–1512 (1990)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} R.G. Caro, M.C. Gower: Phase conjugation of KrF laser radiation, Opt. Lett. 6, p.557–559 (1981)
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{Sect. 5.9.2} H.C. Praddaude, D.W. Scudder, B. Lax: Coherent four-wave scattering in plasmas — application to plasma diagnostics, Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, p.766–768 (1979)
{Sect. 5.9.2} L.A. Rahn, L.J. Zych, P.L. Mattern: Background-Free CARS Studies of Carbon Monoxide in a Flame, Opt. Comm. 30, p.249–252 (1979)
{Sect. 5.9.2} T. Yajima, H. Souma, Y. Ishida: Study of ultra-fast relaxation processes by resonant Rayleigh-type optical mixing. II. Experiment on dye solutions, Phys. Rev. A 17, p.324–334 (1978)
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{Sect. 5.9.3} J.H. Liu, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, F. Noack, H.J. Zhang, J.Y. Wang, M.H. Jiang: Optical bistability in the operation of a continuous-wave diode-pumped Yb:LuVO4 laser, Opt Express 14, p. 12183–12187 (2006)
{Sect. 5.9.3} J. Houlihan, D. Goulding, T. Busch, C. Masoller, G. Huyet: Experimental investigation of a bistable system in the presence of noise and delay — art. no. 050601, Phys Rev Lett 9205, p.601 (2004)
{Sect. 5.9.3} J.M. Oh, D.H. Lee: Strong optical bistability in a simple L-band tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser, Ieee J Quantum Electron 40, p.374–377 (2004)
{Sect. 5.9.3} M.A. Noginov, B.D. Lucas, M. Vondrova: Optical bistability in a Cr: LiSrGaF6 laser, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 19, p.1999–2006 (2002)
{Sect. 5.9.3} H.M. Gibbs, S.L. McCall, T.N.C. Venkatesan, A.C. Gossard, A. Passner, W. Wiegmann: Optical bistability in semiconductors, Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, p.451–453 (1979)
{Sect. 5.9.3} A. Kuditcher, M.P. Hehlen, C.M. Florea, K.W. Winick, S.C. Rand: Intrinsic bistability of luminescence and stimulated emission in Yb-and Tm-doped glass, Phys Rev Lett 84, p. 1898–1901 (2000)
{Sect. 5.9.3} S. Coen, M. Haelterman: Competition between modulational instability and switching in optical bistability, Optics Letters 24, p.80–82 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.3} S. Coen, M. Tlidi, P. Emplit, M. Haelterman: Convection versus dispersion in optical bistability, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.2328–2331 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.3} Z.Z. Zhuang, Y.J. Kim, J.S. Patel: Bistable twisted nematic liquid-crystal optical switch, Appl Phys Lett 75, p.3008–3010 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.3} Y. Hong, K.A. Shore: Observation of optical bistability in a GaAlAs semiconductor laser under intermodal injection locking, Optics Letters 23, p.1689–1691 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.3} X.H. Lu, Y.X. Bai, S.Q. Li, T.J. Chen: Optical bistability and beam reshaping in nonlinear multilayered structures, Opt Commun 156, p.219–226 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.3} L.G. Luo, R.F. Peng, P.L. Chu: Optical bistability in a passive erbium-doped fibre ring resonator, Opt Commun 156, p.275–278 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.3} Y.M. Golubev, M.I. Kolobov: Noiseless transfer of nonclassical light through bistable systems, Phys Rev Lett 79, p.399–402 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.3} K. Hane, M. Suzuki: Bistability of a self-standing film caused by photothermal displacement, Appl Opt 36, p.5006–5009 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.3} L.L. Li: Optical bistability in semiconductor lasers under intermodal light injection, IEEE J QE-32, p.248–256 (1996)
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{Sect. 5.9.3} J.H. Si, Y.G. Wang, J. Zhao, B.S. Zou, P.X. Ye, L. Qui, Y.Q. Shen, Z.G. Cai, J.Y. Zhou: Picosecond optical bistability in metallophthalo-cyanine-doped polymer film waveguides, Optics Letters 21, p.357–359 (1996)
{Sect. 5.9.3} H.J. Eichler, A. Haase, K. Janiak, A. Kummrow, A. Wahi, A. Wappelt: Absorption bistability and nonlinearity in evaporated thin films, Opt. Comm. 88, p.298–304 (1992)
{Sect. 5.9.3} R. Bonifacio, L.A. Lugiato: Dispersive Bistability in Homogeneously Broadened Systems, Nuovo Cimento B 53, p.311–333 (1979)
{Sect. 5.9.3} J.G. Chen, D.Y. Li, Y. Li, Y. Lu, X.H. Zhou: Analytical expression for the hysteresis loop width of bistable tunable external cavity semiconductor lasers, Appl Opt 38, p.6333–6336 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.3} M.P. Hehlen, A. Kuditcher, S.C. Rand, S.R. Luthi: Site-selective, intrinsically bistable luminescence of Yb3+ ion pairs in CsCdBr3, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.3050–3053 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.3} I. Towers, R. Sammut, A.V. Buryak, B.A. Malomed: Soliton multistability as a result of double-resonance wave mixing in chi ((2)) media, Optics Letters 24, p.1738–1740 (1999)
{Sect. 5.9.3} L.G. Luo, T.J. Tee, P.L. Chu: Bistability of erbium-doped fiber laser, Opt Commun 146, p.151–157 (1998)
{Sect. 5.9.3} D.B. Shire, C.L. Tang, M.A. Parker, C. Lei, L. Hodge: Bistable operation of coupled in-plane and oxide-confined vertical-cavity laser 1xN routing switches, Appl Phys Lett 71, p.3039–3041 (1997)
{Sect. 5.9.3} B.M. Jost: Photorefractive two-wave mixing bistability in Fe:KNbO3 without external feedback: Increasing gain bistability, Appl Phys Lett 69, p.1346–1348 (1996)
{Sect. 5.10.1} T. Kobayashi, T. Saito, H. Ohtani: Real-time spectroscopy of transition states in bacteriorhodopsin during retinal isomerization, Nature 414, p.531–534 (2001)
{Sect. 5.10.1} L.D. Li, H. Mohwald, C. Spitz, D. vonSeggern, M. Mucke, R. Menzel: Long-lived photoinduced charge separation inside polarity gradient capsules, Advan Mater 17, p.2247–2249 (2005)
{Sect. 5.10.1} B.L. Yao, M. Lei, L.Y. Ren, N. Menke, Y.L. Wang, T. Fischer, N. Hampp: Polarization multiplexed write-once-read-many optical data storage in bacteriorhodopsin films, Optics Letters 30, p.3060–3062 (2005)
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{Sect. 5.10.1.1} H. S. Nalwa, S. Miyata: Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymeric Materials (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1996)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} P. N. Prasad, D. Williams: Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1991)
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{Sect. 5.10.1.1} W. Sibbett, J.R. Taylor, D. Welford: Substituent and Environmental Effects on the Picosecond Lifetimes of the Polymethine Cyanine Dyes, IEEE J. QE-17, p.500–509 (1981)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} G. Swiatkowski, R. Menzel, W. Rapp: Hindrance of the Rotational Relaxation in the Excited Singlet State of Biphenyl and Para-Terphenyl in Cooled Solutions by Methyl Substituents, J. Luminesc. 37, p.183–189 (1987)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} V. Sundström, T. Gillbro, H. Bergström: Picosecond Kinetics of Radiationless Relaxations of Triphenyl Methane Dyes. Evidence for a Rapid Excited-State Equilibrium Between States of Differing Geometry, Chem. Phys. 73, p.439–458 (1982)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} S. Reindl, A. Penzkofer: Higher excited-state photoisomerization and singlet to triplet intersystem-crossing in DODCI, Chem Phys 230, p.83–96 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} F. Gai, K.C. Hasson, J.C. McDonald, P.A. Anfinrud: Chemical dynamics in proteins: The photoisomerization of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin, Science 279, p. 1886–1891 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} T. Nagele, R. Hoche, W. Zinth, J. Wachtveitl: Femtosecond photoisomerization of cis-azobenzene, Chem Phys Lett 272, p.489–495 (1997)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} N.C.R. Holme, P.S. Ramanujam, S. Hvilsted: 10,000 optical write, read, and erase cycles in an azobenzene sidechain liquid-crystalline polyester, Optics Letters 21, p.902–904 (1996)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} C. Desfrancois, H. Abdoulcarime, C.P. Schulz, J.P. Schermann: Laser separation of geometrical isomers of weakly bound molecular complexes, Science 269, p.1707–1709 (1995)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} J. Troe: Quantitative analysis of photoisomerization rates in trans-stilbene and 4-methyl-trans-stilbene, Chem. Phys. Lett. 114, p.241–247 (1985)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} F.E. Doany, E.J. Heilweil, R. Moore, R.M. Hochstrasser: Picosecond study of an intermediate in the trans to cis isomerization pathway of stiff stilbene, J. Chem. Phys. 80, p.201–206 (1984)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} B.I. Greene, T.W. Scott: Time-resolved multiphoton ionization in the organic condensed phase: picosecond conformational dynamics of cis-stilbene and tetraphenylethylene, Chem. Phys. Lett. 106, p.399–402 (1984)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} T.J. Majors, U. Even, J. Jortner: Dynamics of trans-cis photoisomerization of large molecules in supersonic jets, J. Chem. Phys. 81, p.2330–2338 (1984)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} V. Sundstrom, T. Gillbro: Dynamics of the isomerization of trans-stilbene in n-alcohols studied by ultraviolet picosecond absorption recovery, Chem. Phys. Lett. 109, p.538–543 (1984)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} J.A. Syage, P.M. Felker, A.H. Zewail: Picosecond dynamics and photoisomerization of stilbene in supersonic beams. II. Reaction rates and potential energy surface, J. Chem. Phys. 81, p.4706–4723 (1984)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} D.A. Cremers, T.L. Cremers: Picosecond Dynamics of Conformation Changes in Malachite Green Dye Produced by Photoinonization of Malachite Green Leucocyanide, Chem. Phys. Lett. 94, p.102–106 (1983)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} B.I. Greene, R.C. Farrow: Subpicosecond time resolved multiphoton ionization: Excited state dynamics of cis-stilbene under collision free conditions, J. Chem. Phys. 78, p.3336–3338 (1983)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} M. Sumitani, K. Yoshihara: Direct Observation of the Rate for Cis-Trans and Trans-Cis Photoisomerization of Stilbene with Picosecond Laser Photolysis, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 55, p.85–89 (1982)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} J.A. Syage, W.R. Lambert, P.M. Felker, A.H. Zewail, R.M. Hochstrasser: Picosecond excitation and trans-cis isomerization of stilbene in a supersonic jet: dynamics and spectra, Chem. Phys. Lett. 88, p.266–270 (1982)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} F.E. Doany, B.I. Greene, R.M. Hochstrasser: Excitation energy effects in the photophysics of trans-stilbene in solution, Chem. Phys. Lett. 75, p.206–208 (1980)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} B.I. Greene, R.M. Hochstrasser, R. Weisman: Picosecond dynamics of the photoisomerization of trans-stilbene under collision-free conditions, J. Chem. Phys. 71, p.544–545 (1979)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} K. Yoshihara, A. Namiki, M. Sumitani, N. Nakashima: Picosecond flash photolysis of cis-and trans-stilbene. Observation of an intense intramolecular charge-resonance transition, J. Chem. Phys. 71, p.2892–2895 (1979)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} J.B. Birks: Horizontal radiationless transitions, Chem. Phys. Lett. 54, p.430–434 (1978)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} M. Sumitani, N. Nakashima, K. Yoshihara, S. Nagakura: Temperature Dependence of fluorescence lifetimes of trans-stilbene, Chem. Phys. Lett. 51, p.183–185 (1977)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} O. Teschke, E.P. Ippen, G.R. Holtom: Picosecond dynamics of the singlet excited state of trans-and cis-stilbene, Chem. Phys. Lett. 52, p.233–235 (1977)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} F. Schael, H.G. Lohmannsroben: The deactivation of singlet excited all-trans-1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene by intermolecular charge transfer processes. 1. Mechanisms of fluorescence quenching and of triplet and cation formation, Chem Phys 206, p.193–210 (1996)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} R.A. Marcus: Elektronentransferrreaktionen in der Chemie — Theorie und Experiment (Nobel-Vortrag), Angew. Chem. 105, p.1161–1280 (1993)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} H. Lueck, M.W. Windsor, W. Rettig: Picosecond kinetic studies of charge separation in 9,9′-bianthryl as a function of solvent viscosity and comparisions with electron transfer in bacterial photosynthesis, J. Luminesc. 48 & 49, p.425–429 (1991)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} E. Gilabert, R. Lapouyade, C. Rullière: Dual fluorescence in trans-4-dimethylamino-4′-cyanostilbene revealed by picosecond time-resolved spectroscopy: A possible new ”TICT” compound, Chem. Phys. Lett. 145, p.262–268 (1988)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} D. Huppert, V. Ittah, E. M. Kosower: New insights into the mechanism of fast intramolecular electron transfer, Chem. Phys. Lett. 144, p.15–23 (1988)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} K. Nakatani, T. Okada, N. Mataga, F.C. de Schryver, M. van der Auweraer: Picosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectral studies of omega-(1-pyrenyl)-alpha-N,N-dimethylaminoalkanes in acetonitrile, Chem. Phys. Lett. 145, p.81–84 (1988)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} K. Nakatani, T. Okada, N. Mataga, F.C. de Schryver: Photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer and exciplex formation of 1-(1-pyrenyl)-3-(N-skatolyl)propane in polar solvents, Chem. Phys. 121, p.87–92 (1988)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} M. Vogel, W. Rettig, R. Sens, K.H. Drexhage: Evidence for the formation of biradicaloid charge-transfer (BCT) states in xanthene and related dyes, Chem. Phys. Lett. 147, p.461–465 (1988)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} R. Hayashi, S. Tazuke: Pressure effects on the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) phenomenon, Chem. Phys. Lett. 135, p.123–127 (1987)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} T. Kakitani, N. Mataga: Comprehensive Study on the Role of Coordinated Solvent Mode Played in Electron-Transfer Reactions in Polar Solutions, J. Phys. Chem. 91, p.6277–6285 (1987)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} T. Kobayashi, M. Futakami, O. Kajimoto: The charge-transfer state of 4-dimethylamino-3,5-dimethylbenzonitrile studied in a free jet, Chem. Phys. Lett. 141p.450–454 (1987)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} E. Lippert, W. Rettig, V. Bonacic-Koutecky, F. Heisel, J.A. Miehé: Photophysics of internal twisting, Adv. Chem. Phys, p.76–139 (1987)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} N. Mataga, H. Shioyama, Y. Kanda: Dynamics of Charge Recombination Processes in the Singlet Electron-Transfer State of Pyrene-Pyromellitic Dianhydride Systems in Various Solvents. Picosecond Laser Photolysis Studies, J. Phys. Chem. 91, p.314–317 (1987)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} T. Ohno, A. Yoshimura, H. Shioyama, N. Mataga: Energy Gap Dependence of Spin-Inverted Electron Transfer within Geminate Radical Pairs Formed by the Quenching of Phosphorescent States in Polar Solvents, J. Phys. Chem. 91, p.4365–4370 (1987)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} T. Kakitani, N. Mataga: Different Energy Gap Laws for the Three Types of Electron-Transfer Reactions in Polar Solvents, J. Phys. Chem. 90, p.993–995 (1986)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} N. Mataga, Y. Kanda, T. Okada: Dynamics of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cation-Tetracyanoethylene Anion Geminate Ion Pairs in Acetonitrile Solution with Implications to the Mechanism of the Strongly Exothermic Charge Separation Reaction in the Excited Singlet State, J. Phys. Chem. 90, p.3880–3882 (1986)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} T. Ohno, A. Yoshimura, N. Mataga: Bell-Shaped Energy Gap Dependence of Backward Electron-Transfer Rate of Geminate Radical Pairs Produced by Electron-Transfer Quenching of Ru (II) Complexes by Aromatic Amines, J. Phys. Chem. 90, p.3295–3297 (1986)
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{Sect. 5.10.1.1} J.R. Bolton, N. Mataga, Mc. Lendon (ed.): Electron Transfer in Inorganic, Organic, and Biological Systems, Adv. in Chem. Ser. 228 (Am Chem. Soc.1991)
{Sect. 5.10.1.1} M.A. Fox, M. Channon (ed.): Photoinduced Electron Transfer, Part A–D (Elsevier 1988)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} M.N. Slyadnev, T. Inoue, A. Harata, T. Ogawa: A rhodamine and a cyanine dye on the water surface as studied by laser induced fluorescence microscopy, Colloid Surface A 164, p. 155–162 (2000)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} A. Imhof, M. Megens, J.J. Engelberts, D.T.N. deLang, R. Sprik, W.L. Vos: Spectroscopy of fluorescein (FITC) dyed colloidal silica spheres, J Phys Chem B 103, p.1408–1415 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} K. Kitaoka, J. Si, T. Mitsuyu, K. Hirao: Optical poling of azo-dye-doped thin films using an ultrashort pulse laser, Appl Phys Lett 75, p.157–159 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} C.S. Wang, H.S. Fei, Y.Q. Yang, Z.Q. Wei, Y. Qiu, Y.M. Chen: Photoinduced anisotropy and polarization holography in azobenzene side-chain polymer, Opt Commun 159, p.58–62 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} S. Walheim, E. Schaffer, J. Mlynek, U. Steiner: Nanophase-separated polymer films as high-performance antireflection coatings, Science 283, p.520–522 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} L.M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, S.P. Palto: Phase grating recording on photosensitive Langmuir-Blodgett films, J Nonlinear Opt Physics Mat 7, p.369–383 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} D.J. Welker, J. Tostenrude, D.W. Garvey, B.K. Canfield, M.G. Kuzyk: Fabrication and characterization of single-mode electro-optic polymer optical fiber, Optics Letters 23, p.1826–1828 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} K.T. Weitzel, U.P. Wild, V.N. Mikhailov, V.N. Krylov: Hologram recording in DuPont photopolymer films by use of pulse exposure, Optics Letters 22, p.1899–1901 (1997)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} D. Gu, Q. Chen, X. Tang, F. Gan, S. Shen, K. Liu, H. Xu: Application of phtalocyanine thin films in optical recording, Opt. Comm. 121, p.125–129 (1995)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} J.R. Kulisch, H. Franke, R. Irmscher, Ch. Buchal: Opto-optical switching in ion-implanted poly (methyl methacrylate)-waveguides, J. Appl. Phys. 71, p.3123–3126 (1992)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} E. Gross, B. Ehrenberg: The partition and distribution of porphyrins in liposomal membranes. A spectroscopic study, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 983, p.118–122 (1989)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} V. Tsukanova, A. Harata, T. Ogawa: Orientational arrangement of long-chain fluorescein molecules within the monolayer at the air/water interface studied by the SHG technique, Langmuir 16, p.1167–1171 (2000)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} L. Xu, Z.J. Hou, L.Y. Liu, Z.L. Xu, W.C. Wang, F.M. Li, M.X. Ye: Optical nonlinearity and structural phase-transition observation of organic dye-doped polymer-silica hybrid material, Optics Letters 24, p.1364–1366 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} R.J. Kruhlak, M.G. Kuzyk: Side-illumination fluorescence spectroscopy. I. Principles, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 16, p.1749–1755 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} R.J. Kruhlak, M.G. Kuzyk: Side-illumination fluorescence spectroscopy. II. Applications to squaraine-dye-doped polymer optical fibers, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 16, p.1756–1767 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} Y. Takeoka, A.N. Berker, R. Du, T. Enoki, A. Grosberg, M. Kardar, T. Oya, K. Tanaka, G.Q. Wang, X.H. Yu et al.: First order phase transition and evidence for frustrations in polyampholytic gels, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.4863–4865 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} A. Hoischen, H.S. Kitzerow, K. Kurschner, P. Strohriegl: Optical storage effect due to photopolymerization of mesogenic twin molecules, J Appl Phys 87, p.2105–2109 (2000)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} C.J. Brabec, F. Padinger, N.S. Sariciftci, J.C. Hummelen: Photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymer/methanofullerene composites embedded in a polystyrene matrix, J Appl Phys 85, p.6866–6872 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} A.Y.G. Full, M.S. Tsai, L.J. Huang, T.C. Liu: Optically switchable gratings based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films doped with a guest-host dye, Appl Phys Lett 74, p.2572–2574 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} W. Holzer, M. Pichlmaier, E. Drotleff, A. Penzkofer, D.D.C. Bradley, W.J. Blau: Optical constants measurement of luminescent polymer films, Opt Commun 163, p.24–28 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} O.V. Khodykin, S.J. Zilker, D. Haarer, B.M. Kharlamov: Zinc-tetrabenzoporphyrine-doped poly (Methyl methacrylate): a new photochromic recording medium, Optics Letters 24, p.513–515 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} J.S. Kim, R.H. Friend, F. Cacialli: Improved operational stability of polyfluorene-based organic light-emitting diodes with plasma-treated indium-tin-oxide anodes, Appl Phys Lett 74, p.3084–3086 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} H. Murata, C.D. Merritt, H. Inada, Y. Shirota, Z.H. Kafafi: Molecular organic light-emitting diodes with temperature-independent quantum efficiency and improved thermal durability, Appl Phys Lett 75, p.3252–3254 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} S. Pelissier, D. Blanc, M.P. Andrews, S.I. Najafi, A.V. Tishchenko, O. Parriaux: Single-step UV recording of sinusoidal surface gratings in hybrid solgel glasses, Appl Opt 38, p.6744–6748 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} G. Rojo, G. delaTorre, J. GarciaRuiz, I. Ledoux, T. Torres, J. Zyss, F. AgulloLopez: Novel unsymmetrically substituted push-pull phthalocyanines for second-order nonlinear optics, Chem Phys 245, p.27–34 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} M.G. Schnoes, L. Dhar, M.L. Schilling, S.S. Patel, P. Wiltzius: Photopolymer-filled nanoporous glass as a dimensionally stable holographic recording medium, Optics Letters 24, p.658–660 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} A. Shukla, S. Mazumdar: Designing emissive conjugated polymers with small optical gaps: A step towards organic polymeric infrared lasers, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.3944–3947 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} W.L. Yu, Y. Cao, J.A. Pei, W. Huang, A.J. Heeger: Blue polymer light-emitting diodes from poly (9,9-dihexylfmorene-alt-co-2,5-di-decyloxy-para-phenylene), Appl Phys Lett 75, p.3270–3272 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} P.K.H. Ho, D.S. Thomas, R.H. Friend, N. Tessler: All-polymer optoelectronic devices, Science 285, p.233–236 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} S. Walheim, E. Schaffer, J. Mlynek, U. Steiner: Nanophase-separated polymer films as high-performance antireflection coatings, Science 283, p.520–522 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} L.L. Hu, Z.H. Jiang: Laser action in rhodamine 6G doped titania-containing ormosils, Opt Commun 148, p.275–280 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} H. Kietzmann, R. Rochow, G. Gantefor, W. Eberhardt, K. Vietze, G. Seifert, P.W. Fowler: Electronic structure of small fullerenes: Evidence for the high stability of C-32, Phys Rev Lett 81, p.5378–5381 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} S.K. Lam, D. Lo: Delayed luminescence spectroscopy and optical phase conjugation in eosin Y-doped sol-gel silica glasses, Chem Phys Lett 297, p.329–334 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} E.I. Maltsev, D.A. Lypenko, B.I. Shapiro, M.A. Brusentseva, V.I. Berendyaev, B.V. Kotov, A.V. Vannikov: J-aggregate electroluminescence in dye doped polymer layers, Appl Phys Lett 73, p.3641–3643 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} J.H. Si, T. Mitsuyu, P.X. Ye, Z. Li, Y.Q. Shen, K. Hirao: Optical storage in an azobenzene-polyimide film with high glass transition temperature, Opt Commun 147, p.313–316 (1998)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} K. Kandasamy, P.N. Puntambekar, B.P. Singh, S.J. Shetty, T.S. Srivastava: Resonant nonlinear optical studies on porphyrin derivatives, J Nonlinear Opt Physics Mat 6, p.361–375 (1997)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} X.A. Long, A. Malinowski, D.D.C. Bradley, M. Inbasekaran, E.P. Woo: Emission processes in conjugated polymer solutions and thin films, Chem Phys Lett 272, p.6–12 (1997)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} E.S. Maniloff, D. Vacar, D.W. Mcbranch, H.L. Wang, B.R. Mattes, J. Gao, A.J. Heeger: Ultrafast holography using charge-transfer polymers, Opt Commun 141, p.243–246 (1997)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} S. Ozcelik, D.L. Akins: Extremely low excitation threshold, superradiant, molecular aggregate lasing system, Appl Phys Lett 71, p.3057–3059 (1997)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} M. Ahlheim, M. Barzoukas, P.V. Bedworth, M. Blancharddesce, A. Fort, Z.Y. Hu, S.R. Marder, J.W. Perry, C. Runser, M. Staehelin, et al.: Chromophores with strong heterocyclic accepters: A poled polymer with a large electro-optic coefficient, Science 271, p.335–337 (1996)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} F. Hide, M.A. Diazgarcia, B.J. Schwartz, M.R. Andersson, Q.B. Pei, A.J. Heeger: Semiconducting polymers: A new class of solid-state laser materials, Science 273, p.1833–1836 (1996)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} H.S. Fei, Z.Q. Wei, Q.G. Yang, Y.L. Che, Y.Q. Shen, X.F. Fu, L. Qiu: Low power phase conjugation in push pull azobenzene compounds, Optics Letters 20, p. 1518–1520 (1995)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} Y.C. Liu, H.Y. Wang, M.Z. Tian, Y.L. Lin, X.G. Kong, S.H. Huang, J.Q. Yu: Multiple-hologram storage for thin layers of Methyl Orange dyes in polyvinyl alcohol matrices, Optics Letters 20, p.1495–1497 (1995)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} Y.H. Zhang, Q.W. Song, C. Tseronis, R.R. Birge: Real-time holographic imaging with a bacteriorhodopsin film, Optics Letters 20, p.2429–2431 (1995)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} F.E. Doany, E.J. Heilweil, R. Moore, R.M. Hochstrasser: Picosecond study of an intermediate in the trans to cis isomerization pathway of stiff stilbene, J. Chem. Phys. 80, p.201–206 (1984)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} Y. Maeda, T. Okada, N. Mataga: Photoinduced Trans-Cis Isomerization and Intramolecular-Charge-Transfer Interaction. Photochemistry and Picosecond Laser Spectroscopy of 4-Substituted beta-(1-Pyrenyl)styrenes, J. Phys. Chem. 88, p.2714–2718 (1984)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} V. Sundström, T. Gillbro: Dynamics of the isomerization of trans-stilbene in n-alcohols studied by ultraviolet picosecond absorption recovery, Chem. Phys. Lett. 109, p.538–543 (1984)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} A. Amirav, J. Jortner: Dynamics of trans-cis isomerization of stilbene in supersonic jets, Chem. Phys. Lett. 95, p.295–300 (1983)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} H. Görner, D. Schult-Frohlinde: Trans-cis photoisomerization of the quaternary iodides of 4-cyano-and 4-nitro-4′-azastilbene in ethanol solution: Singlet versus triplet mechanism, Chem. Phys. Lett. 101, p.79–85 (1983)
{Sect. 5.10.1.2} K.S. Schanze, T. Fleming Mattox, D.G. Whitten: Solvent Effects upon the Thermal Cis-Trans Isomerization and Charge-Transfer Absorption of 4-(Diethylamino)-4′-nitroazobenzene, J. Org. Chem. 48, p.2808–2813 (1983)
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{Sect. 5.10.5} S. Reitzenstein, A. Loffler, C. Hofmann, A. Kubanek, M. Kamp, J.P. Reithmaier, A. Forchel, V.D. Kulakovskii, L.V. Keldysh, I.V. Ponomarev, T.L. Reinecke: Coherent photonic coupling of semiconductor quantum dots, Optics Letters 31, p.1738–1740 (2006)
{Sect. 5.10.5} B. BenBakir, C. Seassal, X. Letartre, P. Regreny, M. Gendry, P. Viktorovitch, M. Zussy, L. DiCioccio, J.M. Fedeli: Room-temperature InAs/InP quantum dots laser operation based on heterogeneous “2.5 D” Photonic Crystal, Opt Express 14, p.9269–9276 (2006)
{Sect. 5.10.5} N.K. Metzger, E.M. Wright, W. Sibbett, K. Dholakia: Visualization of optical binding of microparticles using a femtosecond fiber optical trap, Opt Express 14, p.3677–3687 (2006)
{Sect. 5.10.5} H.B. Liao, W.J. Wen, G.K.L. Wong: Photoluminescence from Au nanoparticles embedded in Au:oxide composite films, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 23, p.2518–2521 (2006)
{Sect. 5.10.5} Y. Syvenkyy, B. Kotlyarchuk, A. Zaginey, B. Sahraoui: Laser-induced properties modification of CdTe:Cl and (Cd, Hg)Te: Computer simulation and experimental investigation, Opt Commun 256, p. 342–346 (2005)
{Sect. 5.10.5} R.A. Ganeev, A.I. Ryasnyansky, A.L. Stepanov, C. Marques, R.C. daSilva, E. Alves: Application of Z-scan technique for investigation of nonlinear refraction of sapphire doped with Ag, Cu, and Au nanoparticles, Opt Commun 253, p.205–213 (2005)
{Sect. 5.10.5} I.V. Yurasova, O.L. Antipov: Giant optical nonlinearity of C-70-doped hole-conducting polymer nanocomposite, Opt Commun 224, p.329–336 (2003)
{Sect. 5.10.5} MARC Alencar, A.S.L. Gomes, C.B. deAraujo: Directional laserlike emission from a dye-doped polymer containing rutile nanoparticles, J Opt Soc Am B Opt Physics 20, p.564–567 (2003)
{Sect. 5.10.5} J. Bosbach, C. Hendrich, F. Stietz, T. Vartanyan, F. Trager: Ultrafast dephasing of surface plasmon excitation in silver nanoparticles: Influence of particle size, shape, and chemical surrounding — art. no. 257404, Phys Rev Lett 8925, p.7404 (2002)
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{Sect. 5.10.5} T. Brunhes, P. Boucaud, S. Sauvage, A. Lemaitre, J.M. Gerard, F. Glotin, R. Prazeres, J.M. Ortega: Infrared second-order optical susceptibility in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots, Phys Rev B 61, p.5562–5570 (2000)
{Sect. 5.10.5} M.Y. Gao, C. Lesser, S. Kirstein, H. Mohwald, A.L. Rogach, H. Weiler: Electroluminescence of different colors from polycation/CdTe nanocrystal self-assembled films, J Appl Phys 87, p.2297–2302 (2000)
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{Sect. 5.10.5} M. Ajgaonkar, Y. Zhang, H. Grebel, C.W. White: Nonlinear optical properties of a coherent array of submicron SiO2 spheres (Opal) embedded with Si nanoparticles, Appl Phys Lett 75, p.1532–1534 (1999)
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{Sect. 5.10.5} B. Damilano, N. Grandjean, F. Semond, J. Massies, M. Leroux: From visible to white light emission by GaN quantum dots on Si (111) substrate, Appl Phys Lett 75, p.962–964 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.5} W. Kim, V.P. Safonov, V.M. Shalaev, R.L. Armstrong: Fractals in microcavities: Giant coupled, multiplicative enhancement of optical responses, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.4811–4814 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.5} A. Kurita, Y. Kanematsu, M. Watanabe, K. Hirata, T. Kushida: Wavelength-and angle-selective optical memory effect by interference of multiple-scattered light, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.1582–1585 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.5} B. Lamprecht, J.R. Krenn, A. Leitner, F.R. Aussenegg: Resonant and off-resonant light-driven plasmons in metal nanoparticles studied by femtosecond-resolution third-harmonic generation, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.4421–4424 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.5} K.P. ODonnell, R.W. Martin, P.G. Middleton: Origin of luminescence from InGaN diodes, Phys Rev Lett 82, p.237–240 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.5} D. Orlikowski, M.B. Nardelli, J. Bernholc, C. Roland: Addimers on strained carbon nanotubes: A new route for quantum dot formation?, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.4132–4135 (1999)
{Sect. 5.10.5} L.M. Robinson, H. Rho, J.C. Kim, H.E. Jackson, L.M. Smith, S. Lee, M. Dobrowolska, J.K. Furdyna: Quantum dot exciton dynamics through a nanoaperture: Evidence for two confined states, Phys Rev Lett 83, p.2797–2800 (1999)
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(2007). Nonlinear Interactions of Light and Matter with Absorption. In: Photonics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45158-7_5
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