Abstract
You know, Phaedrus, that’s the strange thing about writing, which makes it truly analogous to painting. The painter’s products stand before us as though they were alive: but if you question them, they maintain a most majestic silence. It is the same with written words: they seem to talk to you as though they were intelligent, but if you ask them anything about what they say, from a desire to be instructed, they go on telling you the same thing again and again.
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References
Hersh 1997, What Is Mathematics, Really, Chap. 5.
Language analysis starting with such simple notions is thoroughly treated in Quine 1960, Word and object
For a careful exposition that identifies helpful primary sources, see Sowa 2004, The challenge of knowledge soup, http://www.jfsowa.com/talks/challenge.pdf, which includes the following example. “Overgeneralizations. Birds fly. But what about penguins? A day-old chick? A bird with a broken wing? A stuffed bird? A sleeping bird?”
The method with which the Oxford English Dictionary was created anticipated Wittgenstein. See Winchester 2004, The Meaning of Everything.
Polanyi 1966, The Tacit Dimension.
Instead it has to do with the kinds of distinction in Moore 1903, Principia Ethica.
Trevedi 2005, The Rembrandt Code.
James 1905, Essays in Radical Empiricism, Chapter 4.
See the first chapter of Schilpp 1963, The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap.
For a careful analysis, see Davidson, The Method of Extension and Intension, in Schilpp 1963, The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap. This essay is difficult reading because the notions involved are as subtle as they are important to any theory of language’s meanings.
Russell 1905, On Denoting.
For an elegant account of the subject, see Hilbert 1925, On the Infinite.
See PI, and also Kripke 1984, Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language.
Gordon 1979, The Denotational Description of Programming Languages.
Hertz 1894, The principles of mechanics, p. 8.
Carnap 1946, Meaning and Necessity, pp.25–32.
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(2007). Introduction to Knowledge Theory. In: Preserving Digital Information. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37887-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37887-7_3
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