Skip to main content

Effects of Magnetic Force

  • Chapter
Magneto-Science

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 89))

  • 838 Accesses

Abstract

Magnetic force, or Faraday force, basically acts on all kinds of magnetic materials, but it is very weak for diamagnetic materials under ordinary fields near 1 T which are generated by conventional magnets. This force is proportional to the so-called magnetic force field B(∂B/∂z). As a consequence, using a high magnetic field magnet above 15 T makes possible to levitate diamagnetic materials in air against gravitational force.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. E. Beaugnon, R. Tournier, Nature, 349, 470 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. A. Weilert, D. L. Whitaker, H. J. Maris, G. M. Seidel, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 4840 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. M. Valles, K. Lin, J. M. Denegre, K. L. Mowry, Biophysical J., 73, 1130 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. V. Berry, A. K. Geim, Eur. J. Phys., 18, 307 (1997).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Motokawa, I. Mogi, M. Tagami, M. Hamai, K. Watanabe, S. Awaji, Physica B, 256–258, 618 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J. S. Brooks, J. A. Cothern, Physica B, 294–295, 721 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Tagami, M. Hamai, I. Mogi, K. Watanabe, M. Motokawa, J. Cryst. Growth, 203, 594 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Hamai, I. Mogi, M. Tagami, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, M. Motokawa, J. Cryst. Growth, 209, 1013 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. N. Kitamura, M. Makihara, M. Hamai, T. Sato, I. Mogi, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, M. Motokawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 39, L324 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. R. Cini, M. Torrini, J. Chem. Phys., 49, 2826 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Hamai, I. Mogi, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, M. Motokawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40,L1336 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. A. E. Mikelson, Y. K. Karklin, J. Cryst. Growth, 52, 524 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. I. Mogi, C. Umeki, K. Takahashi, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, M. Motokawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, L715 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. D. Braithwaite, E. Beaugnon, R. Tournier, Nature, 354, 134 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Takahashi, C. Umeki, I. Mogi, K. Koyama, S. Awaji, M. Motokawa, K. Watanabe, Physica B, 346–347, 277 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

References

  1. E. Beaugnon, R. Tournier, Nature, 349, 470 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. D. Braithwaite, E. Beaugnon, R. Tournier, Nature, 354, 134 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. N. I. Wakayama, J. Appl. Phys., 69, 2734 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Ueno, M. Iwasaka, J. Appl. Phys., 75, 7177 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. N. Hirota, T. Homma, H. Sugawara, K. Kitazawa, M. Iwasaka, S. Ueno, H. Yokoi, Y. Kakudate, S. Fujiwara, M. Kawamura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34, L991 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Sugawara, N. Hirota, T. Homma, M. Ohta, K. Kitazawa, H. Yokoi, Y. Kakudate, S. Fujiwara, M. Kawamura, M. Iwasaka, S. Ueno, J. Appl. Phys., 79, 4721 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Ikezoe, N. Hirota, J. Nakagawa, K. Kitazawa, Nature, 393, 749 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Earnshaw, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc., 1, 97 (1842).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Ikezoe, T. Kaihatsu, S. Sakae, H. Uetake. N. Hirota, K. Kitazawa, Energy Conversion and Management, 43, 417 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Y. Ikezoe, T. Kaihatsu, T. Suetsuna, H. Uetake, N. Hirota, K. Kitazawa, Proc. Inter. Symp. New Magneto-Science’ 99, 400 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  11. N. Hirota, M. Kurashige, M. Iwasaka, M. Ikehata, H. Uetake, T. Takayama, H. Nakamura, Y. Ikezoe, S. Ueno, K. Kitazawa, Physica B, 346–347, 267 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Ikezoe, N. Hirota, T. Sakihama, K. Mogi, H. Uetake, T. Homma, J. Nakagawa, H. Sugawara, K. Kitazawa, J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., 22, 821 (1998); N. Hirota, Y. Ikezoe, H. Uetake, K. Kitazawa, Mater. Trans., JIM, 41, 976 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Valenta, H. Rybinova, Sb. Vys. Sk. Chem.-Technol. Praze, Fyz. Mater. Merici. Tech., P2, 93 (1977); B. N. Lyu, M. L. Yefimov, V. K. Kul’ sartov, R. M. Yakupova, Biofizika, 23, 159 (1978); H. Katayama, M. Yamashita, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP 63, 296, 896 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. Nakagawa, N. Hirota, K. Kitazawa, M. Shoda. J. Appl. Phys., 85, 2923 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. H. Uetake, J. Nakagawa, N. Hirota, K. Kitazawa, J. Appl. Phys., 85, 5735 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Uetake, J. Nakagawa, N. Hirota, Y. Ikezoe, K. Kitazawa, J. Appl. Phys., 87, 6310 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. P. G. de Gennes, P. A. Pincus. Phys. Kondens. Materie, 11, 189 (1970).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. T. Skjeltorp, Phys. Rev. Lett., 51, 2306 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Ikezoe, T. Kaihatsu, K. Ujimine, H, Uetake, N. Hirota, K. Kitazawa, Abstracts of Fourth Symposium on New-Magneto Science, Omiya, Japan, November, 2000 (in Japanese); T. Takayama, Y. Ikezoe, T. Kaihatsu, H, Uetake, N. Hirota, K. Kitazawa, Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn., 27, 43 (2002): T. Takayama, Y. Ikezoe, H. Uetake, N. Hirota, K. Kitazawa, Physica B, 346–347, 272 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

References

  1. C. E. Kundrot, R. A. Judge, M. L. Pusey, E. D. Snell, Cryst. Growth Design, 1, 87 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. N. I. Wakayama, “Control of Effective Gravity” Japan Patent 3278685; US Patent 6596076 (applied in 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  3. N. I. Wakayama, C. W. Zhong, T. Kiyoshi, K. Itoh, H. Wada, AlChE J., 47, 2640 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  4. N. I. Wakayama, M. Ataka, H. Abe, J. Cryst. Growth, 178, 653 (1997).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. W. Qi, N. I. Wakayama, M. Ataka, J. Cryst. Growth, 232, 132 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. S. Brooks, J. A. Reavis, R. A. Medwood, T. F. Stalcup, M. W. Meisel, E. Steinberg, L. Arnowitz, C. C. Stover, J. A. A. J. Perenboom. J. Appt. Phys., 87, 6194 (2000.)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. S. X. Lin, M. Zhou, A. Azzi, G. Xu, N. I. Wakayama, M. Ataka, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 275, 274 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. N. I. Wakayama, Cryst. Growth Design, 3, 17 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. D. C. Yin, N. I. Wakayama, K. Harata, M. Fujiwara, T. Kiyoshi, H. Wada, N. Niimura, S. Arai, W. D. Huang, Y. Tanimoto, J. Cryst. Growth, 270, 184 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. R. Hirose, K. Saito, Y. Watanabe, Y. Tanimoto, 6th Symposium on New Magneto-Science, Tsukuba, Japan, November 2002, Abstr., p. 198.

    Google Scholar 

  11. O. Ozaki, T. Kiyoshi, S. Matsumoto. J. Fujihira, H. Wada, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 14, 1663 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. T. Sato, Y. Yamada, S. Saijo, T. Hori, R. Hirose, N. Tanaka, G. Sazaki, K. Nakajima, N. Igarashi, M. Tanaka, Y. Matsuura, Acta Crystallogr., D56, 1079 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. C. Yin, N. I. Wakayama, H. Wada. W. D. Huang, J. Phys. Chem., 107, 14140 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. W. Qi, N. I. Wakayama, J. Cryst. Growth, 219, 465 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

References

  1. I. Mogi, C. Umeki, K. Takahashi, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, M. Motokawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 42, L715 (2003).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. W. Duan, M. Fujiwara, Y. Tanimoto, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 43, 8213 (2004).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Irie, Chem. Rev., 100, 1685 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. F. Koyama, W. Duan, Y. Tanimoto, 2004 Korea-Japan Symposium on Frontier Photoscience, Daejeon, Korea, November (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. H. Sprague, H. L. Fichter, E. Wainer, Photogr. Sci. Eng., 5, 98 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. Katsuki, Y. Tanimoto, International Symposium on Magneto-Science, Yokohama, Japan, November (2005).

    Google Scholar 

References

  1. M. Fujiwara, D. Kodoi, W. Duan, Y. Tanimoto, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 3343 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Chie, M. Fujiwara, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Tanimoto, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 14374 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Fujiwara, K. Chie, J. Sawai, D. Shimizu, Y. Tanimoto, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 3531 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

References

  1. T. Kimura, Polymer J., 34, 823 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. T. Kimura, M. Yamato, A. Nara, Langmuir, 20, 572 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Kimura, S. Mamada, M. Yamato, Chem. Lett., 2000, 1294.

    Google Scholar 

  4. S. Ueno, M. Iwasaka, J. Appl. Phys., 75, 7177 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. N. Hirota, T. Homma, H. Sugawara, K. Kitazawa, M. Iwasaka, S. Ueno, H. Yokoi, Y. Kakudate, S. Fujiwara, M. Kawamura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34, L991 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Sugawara, N. Hirota, T. Homma, M. Ohta, K. Kitazawa, H. Yokoi, Y. Kakudate, S. Fujiwara, M. Kawamura, S. Ueno, M. Iwasaka, J. Appl. Phys., 79, 4721 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Yamato, H. Nakazawa, T. Kimura. Langmuir, 18, 9609 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

References

  1. S. Karasawa, Y. Sano, T. Akita, N. Koga, T. Itoh, H. Iwamura, P. Rabu, M. Drillon, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 120, 10080(1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. T. Itoh, K. Hirai, H. Tomioka, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 126, 1130 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Iguchi, Experiment Chemical Course 9, pp.439–450, Maruzen Ltd., Tokyo (1991) (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  4. N. Suzuki, Metal Data Book (Japan Metal Institute, ed.), p.10,18, Maruzen Ltd., Tokyo (1974) (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

4. References

  1. N. I. Wakayama, J. Appl. Phys., 69, 2734 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. N. I. Wakayama, Chem. Phys. Lett., 185, 449 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. N. I. Wakayama, Combustion and Flame. 93, 207 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Faraday, Phil. Magn. S3(210), 401 (1847).

    Google Scholar 

  5. B. Bai, A. Yabe, J. W. Qi, N. I. Wakayama, AIAA Journal, 37, 1538 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. X. D. Luan, M. Takeshima, N. I. Wakayama. X. Q. Song, F. Yamamoto, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40, L648(2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. N. I. Wakayama, Chem. Phys. Lett.. 188, 279 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Kinoshita, T. Takagi, H. Kotera, N. I. Wakayama, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 14, 1685 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. H. D. Ross, R. G. Sotos, Combust. Sci. Tech., 75, 155 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. N. I. Wakayama, H. Ito, Y. Kuroda, O. Fujita, K. Ito, Combustion and Flame, 107, 187(1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. N. I. Wakayama, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 39, L436 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. N. I. Wakayama, T. Okada, J. Okano, T. Ozawa, Jpn. J. Appl., 40, L269 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Okada, N. I. Wakayama, L. B. Wang, H. Shingu, J. Okano, T. Ozawa, Electrochimica Acta, 48, 531 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. L. B. Wang, N. I. Wakayama, T. Okada, Electrochem. Commun., 4, 584 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. L. B. Wang, N. I. Wakayama, T. Okada, Chem. Eng. Science, 60, 4453 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. L. Pauling, R. E. Wood, J. H. Sturdivant. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 795 (1946).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Kodansha Ltd. and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2006). Effects of Magnetic Force. In: Yamaguchi, M., Tanimoto, Y. (eds) Magneto-Science. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 89. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37062-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37062-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-37061-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-37062-8

Publish with us

Policies and ethics