Novel Symbol Timing Recovery Algorithm for Multi-level Signal

Abstract

A new algorithm for detection of symbol timing error for Multi-level PAM signal, where two samples per symbol, x _{n − − 1/2} and x _n + 1/2 , around the nth symbol sample, x _n , are weighted respectively by the gradient between x _n and x _n + 1, and between x _n and x _{n − − 1} , is proposed. The S-curve to verify the timing error control using this newly proposed algorithm is drawn. Also, the mean and variance of timing error function are derived for the performance analysis and it is shown that the new algorithm outperforms the Gardner’s one.