Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Perinatal Tumors

  • Chapter
The Surgery of Childhood Tumors

Abstract

Most solid tumors observed in early infancy are benign. Malignant tumors diagnosed during the neonatal period are rare. They account for only 2% of all childhood cancers and have a reported incidence of 1:27,000 live births in the USA [1]. Management of affected infants is extremely challenging. Because factors such as drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination are affected by age and physiologic maturity, complications associated with the immature physiology of the neonate are common. Age-dependent maturation of the renal, hepatic, hematopoietic, and neurodevelopmental systems make the neonate particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of aggressive multimodal therapy involving extirpative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy [2, 3]. Over the past three decades, the long-term effects of administering anticancer therapies to neonates have become increasingly evident [2–9]. An additional complicating factor is that many neonatal malignancies differ significantly from similar tumors in older children with respect to their biological behavior [10–12].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 269.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 349.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bader JL, Miller RW (1979) US cancer incidence and mortality in the first year of life. Am J Dis Child 133:157–159

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Littman P, D’Angio GJ (1981) Radiation therapy in the neonate. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 3:279–285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Reaman GH, Bleyer A (2002) Infants and adolescents with cancer: Special considerations. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG (eds) Principles and practice of pediatric oncology, 4th edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bhatia S, Landier W, Robison LL (2002) Late effects of childhood cancer therapy. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds) Progress in oncology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA, pp 171–213

    Google Scholar 

  5. Pintéer AB, Hock A, Kajtár P, Dober I (2003) Long-term follow-up of cancer in neonate and infants: A national survey of 142 patients. Pediatr Surg Int 19:233–239

    Google Scholar 

  6. Meadows AT, Gallagher JA, Bunin GR (1992) Late effects of early childhood cancer therapy. Br J Cancer (Suppl) 18: S92–S95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Paulino AC, Wen BC, Brown CK, et al. (2000) Late effects in children treated with radiation therapy for Wilms’ tumor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46:1239–1246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dreyer ZE, Blatt J, Bleyer A (2002) Late effects of childhood cancer and its treatment. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG (eds) Principles and practice of pediatric oncology, 4th edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  9. Robison LL (2005) The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study: A resource for research of long-term outcomes among adult survivors of childhood cancer. Minn Med 88:45–49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Crom DB, Wilimas JA, Green AA, Pratt CB, Jenkins JJ 3rd, Behm FG (1989) Malignancy in the neonate. Med Pediatr Oncol 17:101–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Campbell AN, Chan HS, O’Brien A, Smith CR, Becker LE (1988) Malignant tumors in the neonate. Arch Dis Child 62:19–23

    Google Scholar 

  12. Davis CF, Carachi R, Young DG (1988) Neonatal tumors: Glasgow 1955–1986. Arch Dis Child 63:1075–1078

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Xue H, Horwitz JR, Smith MB, et al. (1995) Malignant solid tumors in neonates: A 40-year review. J Pediatr Surg 30:543–545

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Moore SW, Kaschula ROC, Albertyn R, Rode H, Millar AJW, Karabus C (1995) The outcome of solid tumours occurring in the neonatal period. Pediatr Surg Int 10:366–370

    Google Scholar 

  15. Dillon PW, Azizkhan RG (1997) Neonatal tumors. In: Andrassy RJ (ed) Pediatric surgery oncology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  16. Parkes SE, Muir KR, Southern L, Cameron AH, Darbyshire PJ, Stevens MC (1994) Neonatal tumors: A thirty-year population-based study. Med Pediatr Oncol 22:309–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Halperin EC (2000) Neonatal neoplasms. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:171–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Moore SW, Plaschkes J (2003) Epidemiology and genetic associations of neonatal tumors. In: Puri P (ed) Newborn surgery, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  19. Buyukpamukcu M, Varan A, Tanyel C, et al. (2003) Solid tumors in the neonatal period. Clin Pediatr 42:29–34

    Google Scholar 

  20. Moore SW (1996) Genetic and clinical associations of neonatal tumours. In: Puri P (ed) Neonatal tumours. Springer, New York, pp 11–22

    Google Scholar 

  21. Altmann AE, Halliday JL, Giles GG (1998) Associations between congenital malformations and childhood cancer: A register-based case-control study. Br J Cancer 78:1244–1249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Moore SW, Satgé D, Sasco AJ, Zimmermann A, Plaschkes J (2003) The epidemiology of neonatal tumours: Report of an international working group. Pediatr Sug Int 19:509–519

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Satgé D, Van Den Berghe H (1996) Aspects of the neoplasms observed in patients with constitutional autosomal trisomy. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 87:63–70

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Coppes MJ, Campbell CE, Williams BR (1993) The role of WT1 in Wilms tumorigenesis. FASEB J 7:886–895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Holland WW, Doll R, Carter CO (1962) The mortality from leukaemia and other cancers among patients with Down’s syndrome (Mongols) and among their parents. Br J Cancer 16:177–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Weinberg AG, Schiller G, Windmiller J (1982) Neonatal leukemoid reaction. An isolated manifestation of mosaic Trisomy 21. Am J Dis Child 136:310–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bresters D, Reus AC, Veerman AJ, van Wering AR, van der Does-van den Berg A, Kaspers GJ (2002) Congenital leukaemia: The Dutch experience and review of the literature. Br J Haematol 117:513–524

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rahbar R, Vogel A, Myers LB, et al. (2005) Fetal surgery in otolaryngology: A new era in the diagnosis and management of fetal airway obstruction because of advances in prenatal imaging. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 131:393–398

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Coleman BG, Adzick NS, Crombleholme TM, et al. (2002) Fetal therapy: State of the art. J Ultrasound Med 21:1257–1288

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Sauvat F, Sarnacki S, Brisse H, et al. (2002) Outcome of suprarenal localized masses diagnosed during the perinatal period: A retrospective multicenter study. Cancer 94:2474–2480

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Mychaliska GB, Bealer JF, Graf JL, Rosen MA, Adzick NS, Harrison MR (1997) Operating on placental support: The ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure. J Pediatr Surg 32:227–230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wegner EA, Barrington SF, Kingston JE, et al. (2005) The impact of PET scanning on management of paediatric oncology patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 32:23-30

    Google Scholar 

  33. Brodeur GM, Maris JM (2002) Neuroblastoma. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG (eds) Principles and practice of pediatric oncology, 4th edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  34. Silber JH, Littman PS, Meadows AT (1990) Stature loss following skeletal irradiation for childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 8:304–312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Meadows AT, Gordon J, Massari DJ, Littman P, Fergusson J, Moss K (1981) Declines in IQ scores and cognitive dysfunctions in children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia treated with cranial irradiation. Lancet 2:1015–1018

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Farwell JR, Dohrmann GJ, Flannery JT (1978) Intracranial neoplasms in infants. Arch Neurol 35:533–537

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Littman PS, D’Angio GJ (1979) Growth considerations in the radiation therapy of children with cancer. Annu Rev Med 30:405–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Guibout C, Adjadj E, Rubino C, et al. (2005) Malignant breast tumors after radiotherapy for a first cancer during childhood. J Clin Oncol 23:197–204

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Maier JG (1972) Effects of radiation on kidney, bladder and prostate. In: Vaeth JM (ed) Frontiers of radiation therapy and oncology, vol 6. Karger, Basel and University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 196–207

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kraut JW, Bagshaw MA, Glatsein EJ (1972) Hepatic effects of irradiation. In: Vaeth JM (ed) Frontiers of radiation therapy and oncology, vol 6. Karger, Basel and University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 182–195

    Google Scholar 

  41. Cancer Pharmacology in Infants and Young Children (2003) Online summary of meeting sponsored by the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) and National Cancer Institute-Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP). Arlington, VA

    Google Scholar 

  42. Morgan E, Baum E, Breslow N, Takashima J, D’Angio G (1988) Chemotherapy-related toxicity in infants treated according to the Second National Wilms’ Tumor Study. J Clin Oncol 6:51–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Lobe TE, Wiener ES, Hays DM et al. (1994) Neonatal rhabdomyosarcoma: The IRS experience. J Pediatr Surg 29:1167–1170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Reaman G, Zeltzer P, Bleyer WA, et al. (1985) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants less than one year of age: A cumulative experience of the Children’s Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 3:1513–1521

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Shamberger RC (2004) Teratomas and germ cell tumors. In: O’Neill JA, Grosfeld JL, Fonkalsrud EW, et al. (eds) Principles of pediatric surgery, 2nd edn. Mosby, St. Louis

    Google Scholar 

  46. Azizkhan RG (2006) Teratomas and other germ cell tumors. In: Grosfeld JL, O’Neill JA, Coran AG, Fonkalsrud EW (eds) Pediatrie surgery, 6th edn. Mosby, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  47. Bale PM (1984) Sacrococcygeal developmental abnormalities and tumors in children. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 8:9–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Lemire RJ, Beckwith JB (1982) Pathogenesis of congenital tumors and malformations of the sacrococcygeal region. Teratology 25:201–213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Noseworthy J, Lack EE, Kozakewich HP, Vawter GF, Welch KJ (1981) Sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors in childhood: An updated experience with 118 patients. J Pediatr Surg 16:358–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Gonzalez-Crussi F (1982) Extragonadal teratomas. In: Atlas of tumor pathology, 2nd series. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, fascicle 18

    Google Scholar 

  51. Cushing B, Perlman EJ, Marina NM, Castleberry RP (2002) Germ cell tumors. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG (eds) Principles and practice of pediatrie oncology, 4th edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  52. Norris HJ, Zirkin HJ, Benson WL (1976) Immature (malignant) teratoma of the ovary: A clinical and pathologic study of 58 cases. Cancer 37:2359–2372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Robboy SJ, Scully RE (1970) Ovarian teratoma with glial implants on the peritoneum. An analysis of 12 cases. Hum Pathol 1:643–653

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Isaacs H Jr. Germ cell tumors (1997) In: Tumors of the fetus and newborn (major problems in pathology series), vol 35. WB Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  55. Valdiserri RO, Yunis EJ (1981) Sacrococcygeal teratomas: A review of 68 cases. Cancer 48:217–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Baumann FR, Nerlich A (1993) Metastasizing cervical teratoma of the fetus. Pediatr Pathol 13:21–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Dehner LP, Mills A, Talerman A, Billman GF, Krous HF, Platz CE (1990) Germ cell neoplasms of head and neck soft tissues: A pathologic spectrum of teratomatous and endodermal sinus tumors. Hum Pathol 21:309–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Heifetz SA, Cushing B, Giller R, et al. (1998) Immature teratomas in children: Pathologic considerations: A report from the combined Pediatric Oncology Group/Children’s Cancer Group. Am J Surg Pathol 22:1115–1124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Rowe MI, O’Neill JA, Grosfeld JL, Fonkalsrud EW, Coran AG (1995) Teratomas and germ cell tumors. In: Rowe MI, O’Neill JA, Grosfeld JL, Fonkalsrud EW, Coran AG (eds) Essentials of pediatrie surgery. Mosby-Year Book, St Louis

    Google Scholar 

  60. Magee JE, McFadden DE, Pantzar JT (1992) Congenital tumors. In: Dimmick JE, Kalousek DK (eds) Developmental pathology of the embryo and fetus. Lippincott, Philadelphia. p 235

    Google Scholar 

  61. Schropp KP, Lobe TE, Rao B, et al. (1992) Sacrococcygeal teratoma: The experience of four decades. J Pediatr Surg 27:1075–1079

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Goto M, Makino Y, Tamura R, Ikeda S, Kawarabayashi T (2000) Sacrococcygeal teratoma with hydrops fetalis and bilateral hydronephrosis. J Perinat Med 28:414–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Rescorla FJ, Sawin RS, Coran AG, Dillon PW, Azizkhan RG (1998) Long-term outcome for infants and children with sacrococcygeal teratoma: A report from the Children’s Cancer Group. J Pediatr Surg 33:171–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Werb P, Scurry J, Ostor A, Fortune D, Attwood H (1992) Survey of congenital tumors in perinatal necropsies. Pathology 24:247–253

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Altman RP, Randolph JG, Lilly JR (1974) Sacrococcygeal teratoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey-1973. J Pediatr Surg 9:389–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Carney JA, Thompson DP, Johnson CL, Lynn HB (1972) Teratomas in children: Clinical and pathologic aspects. J Pediatr Surg 7:271–282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Fraumeni JF Jr, Li FP, Dalager N (1973) Teratomas in children: Epidemiologie features. J Natl Cancer Inst 51:1425–1430

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Hawkins E, Perlman EJ (1996) Germ cell tumors. In: Parham DM (ed) Pediatrie neoplasia: Morphology and biology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  69. Shaaban AF, Kim HB, Flake AW (2003) Fetal surgery, diagnosis, and intervention. In: Ziegler MM, Azizkhan RG, Weber TR (eds) Operative pediatrie surgery. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  70. Bianchi DW, Crombleholme TM, D’Alton ME (2000) Fetology: diagnosis and management of the fetal patient. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  71. Flake AW (1993) Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Semin Pediatr Surg 2: 113–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Hedrick HL, Flake AW, Crombleholme TM, et al. (2004) Sacrococcygeal teratoma: Prenatal assessment, fetal intervention, and outcome. J Pediatr Surg 39:430–438

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Bond SJ, Harrison MR, Schmidt KG, et al. (1990) Death due to high-output cardiac failure in fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. J Pediatr Surg 25:1287–1291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Flake AW, Harrison MR, Adzick NS, Laberge JM, Warsof SL (1986) Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. J Pediatr Surg 21:563–566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Musci MN Jr, Clark MJ, Ayres RE, Finkel MA (1983) Management of dystocia caused by a large sacrococcygeal teratoma. Obstet Gynecol 62:10s–12s

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Adzick NS, Crombleholme TM, Morgan MA, Quinn TM (1997) A rapidly growing fetal teratoma. Lancet 349:538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Azizkhan RG (1999) Neonatal tumors. In: Carachi R, Azmy A, Grosfeld JL (eds) The surgery of childhood tumors. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  78. Fishman SJ, Jennings RW, Johnson SM, Kim HB (2004) Contouring buttock reconstruction after sacrococcygeal teratoma resection. J Pediatr Surg 39:439–441

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Lund DP, Soriano SG, Fauza D, et al. (1995) Resection of a massive sacrococcygeal teratoma using hypothermie hypoperfusion: A novel use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Pediatr Surg 30:1557–1559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Gross RW, Clatworthy HW Jr, Meeker IA Jr (1951) Sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children: A report of 40 cases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 92:341–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Robertson FM, Crombleholme TM, Frantz ID 3rd, Shephard BA, Bianchi DW, D’Alton ME (1995) Devascularization and staged resection of giant sacrococcygeal teratoma in the premature infant. J Pediatr Surg 30:309–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Teitelbaum D, Teich S, Cassidy S, Karp M, Cooney D, Besner G (1994) Highly vascularized sacrococcygeal teratoma: Description of this atypical variant and its operative management. J Pediatr Surg 29:98–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Göbel U, Schneider DT, Calaminus G, et al. (2001) Multimodal treatment of malignant sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors: A prospective analysis of 66 patients of the German cooperative protocols MAKEI 83/86 and 89. J Clin Oncol 19:1943–1950

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Göbel U, Calaminus G, Schneider DT, Schmidt P, Haas RJ (2002) Management of germ cell tumors in children: Approaches to cure. Onkologie 25:14–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Rescorla F, Billmire D, Stolar C, et al. (2001) The effect of cisplatin dose and surgical resection in children with malignant germ cell tumors at the sacrococcygeal region: A pediatrie intergroup trial (POG 9049/CCG 8882). J Pediatr Surg 36:12–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Misra D, Pritchard J, Drake DP, Kiely EM, Spitz L (1997) Markedly improved survival in malignant sacro-coccygeal teratomas — 16 years’ experience. Eur J Pediatr Surg 7:152–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Calaminus G, Schneider DT, Bokkerink JP, et al. (2003) Prognostic value of tumor size, metastases, extension into bone, and increased tumor marker in children with malignant sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors: A prospective evaluation of 71 patients treated in the German cooperative protocols Maligne Keimzelltumoren (MAKEI) 83/86 and MAKEI 89. J Clin Oncol 21:781–786

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kuhlmann RS, Warsof SL, Levy DL, Flake AJ, Harrison MR (1987) Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. Fetal Ther 2:95–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Donnellan WA, Swenson O (1968) Benign and malignant sacrococcygeal teratomas. Surgery 64:834–846

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Waldhausen JA, Kolman JW, Vellios F, Battersby JS (1963) Sacrococcygeal teratoma. Surgery 54:933–949

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Marina NM, Cushing B, Giller R, et al. (1999) Complete surgical excision is effective treatment for children with immature teratomas with or without malignant elements: A Pediatric Oncology Group/Children’s Cancer Group Intergroup Study. J Clin Oncol 17:2137–2143

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Azizkhan RG, Caty MG (1996) Teratomas in childhood. Curr Opin Pediatr 8:287–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Azizkhan RG, Haase GM, Applebaum H, et al. (1995) Diagnosis, management, and outcome of cervicofacial teratomas in neonates: A Children’s Cancer Group Study. J PediatrSurg 30:312–316

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Lack EE (1985) Extragonadal germ cell tumors of the head and neck region: Review of 16 cases. Hum Pathol 16:56–64

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Gundry SR, Wesley JR, Klein MD, Barr M, Coran AG (1983) Cervical teratomas in the newborn. J Pediatr Surg 18:382–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Batsakis JG, Littler ER, Oberman HA (1964) Teratomas of the neck. A clinicopathologic appraisal. Arch Otolaryngol 79:619–624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Jordan RB, Gauderer MW (1988) Cervical teratomas: An analysis, literature review and proposed classification. J Pediatr Surg 23:583–591

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Liechty KW, Hedrick HL, Hubbard AM, et al. (2006) Severe pulmonary hypoplasia associated with giant cervical teratomas. J Pediatr Surg 41:230–233

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Elmasalme F, Giacomantonio M, Clarke KD, Othman E, Matbouli S (2000) Congenital cervical teratoma in neonates. Case report and review. Eur J Pediatr Surg 10:252–257

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Sbragia L, Paek BW, Feldstein VA, et al. (2001) Outcome of prenatally diagnosed solid fetal tumors. J Pediatr Surg 36:1244–1247

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. De Backer A, Madern GC, van de Ven CP, Tibboel D, Hazebroek FW (2004) Strategy for management of newborns with cervical teratoma. J Perinat Med 32:500–508

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Langer JC, Tabb T, Thompson P, Paes BA, Caco CC (1992) Management of prenatally diagnosed tracheal obstruction: Access to the airway in utero prior to delivery. Fetal Diagn Ther 7:12–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Touran T, Applebaum H, Frost DB, Richardson R, Taber P, Rowland J (1989) Congenital metastatic cervical teratoma: Diagnostic and management considerations. J Pediatr Surg 24:21–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Buckley NJ, Burch WM, Leight GS (1986) Malignant teratoma in the thyroid gland of an adult: A case report and a review of the literature. Surgery 100:932–937

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Mahour GH, Landing BH, Woolley MM (1978) Teratomas in children: Clinico-pathologic studies in 133 patients. Z Kinderchir 23:365–380

    Google Scholar 

  106. Gatcombe HG, Assikis V, Kooby D, Johnstone PA (2004) Primary retroperitoneal teratomas: A review of the literature. J Surg Oncol 86:107–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Auge B, Satge D, Sauvage P, Lutz P, Chenard MP, Levy JM (1993) Retroperitoneal teratomas in the perinatal period. Review of the literature concerning a neonatal, immature, aggressive teratoma. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 40:613–621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Isaacs H Jr (1985) Perinatal (congenital and neonatal) neoplasms: A report of 110 cases. Pediatr Pathol 3:165–216

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Dehner LP (1981) Neoplasms of the fetus and neonate. In: Naeye RL, Kissane JM, Kaufman N (eds) Perinatal diseases. International Academy of Pathology Monograph Number 22. Williams and Wilkens, Baltimore, pp 286–345

    Google Scholar 

  110. Beckwith JB, Perrin EV (1963) In situ neuroblastomas: A contribution to the natural history of neural crest tumors. Am J Pathol 43:1089–1104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Guin GH, Gilbert EF, Jones B (1969) Incidental neuroblastoma in infants. Am J Clin Pathol 51:126–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Woods WG, Lemieux B, Tuchman M (1992) Neuroblastoma represents distinct clinical-biologic entities: A review and perspective from the Quebec Neuroblastoma Screening Project. Pediatrics 89:114–118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Look AT, Hayes FA, Shuster JJ, et al. (1991) Clinical relevance of tumor cell ploidy and N-myc gene amplification in childhood neuroblastoma: A Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 9:581–591

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Brodeur GM, Maris JM, Yamashiro DJ, Hogarty MD, White PS (1997) Biology and genetics of human neuroblastomas. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 19:93–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Seeger RC, Brodeur GM, Sather H, et al. (1985) Association of multiple copies of the N-myc oncogene with rapid progression of neuroblastomas. N Engl J Med 313:1111–1116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Azizkhan RG, Haase GM, Coran AG, et al. (1995) Diagnosis, management and outcome of neuroblastoma in neonates: A Children’s Cancer Group study. 36th World Congress of Surgery Abstract Book; 134

    Google Scholar 

  117. Richards ML, Gundersen AE, Williams MS (1995) Cystic neuroblastoma of infancy. J Pediatr Surg 30:1354–1357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Jennings RW, LaQuaglia MP, Leong K, Hendren WH, Adzick NS (1993) Fetal neuroblastoma: Prenatal diagnosis and natural history. J Pediatr Surg 28:1168–1174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Ho PT, Estroff JA, Kozakewich H, et al. (1993) Prenatal detection of neuroblastoma: A ten-year experience from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital. Pediatrics 92:358–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Saylors RL 3rd, Cohn SL, Morgan ER, Brodeur GM (1994) Prenatal detection of neuroblastoma by fetal ultrasonography. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 16:356–360

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Acharya S, Jayabose S, Kogan SJ, et al. (1997) Prenatally diagnosed neuroblastoma. Cancer 80:304–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Asian H, Ozseker B, Gul A (2004) Prenatal sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of cystic neuroblastoma. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 24:693–694

    Google Scholar 

  123. Nuchtern JG (2006) Perinatal neuroblastoma. Semin Pediatr Surg 15:10–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Holgersen LO, Subramanian S, Kirpekar M, Mootabar H, Marcus JR (1996) Spontaneous resolution of antenatally diagnosed adrenal masses. J Pediatr Surg 31:153–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Hosoda Y, Miyano T, Kimura K, et al. (1992) Characteristics and management of patients with fetal neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 27:623–625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Laug WE, Siegel SE, Shaw KN, Landing B, Baptista J, Gutenstein M (1978) Initial urinary catecholamine metabolite concentrations and prognosis in neuroblastoma. Pediatrics 62:77–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Newton ER, Louis F, D’Alton ME, Feingold M (1985) Fetal neuroblastoma and catecholamine-induced maternal hypertension. Obstet Gynecol 65:49S–52S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Tuchman M, Morris CL, Ramnaraine ML, Bowers LD, Krivit W (1985) Value of random urinary homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid levels in the diagnosis and management of patients with neuroblastoma: Comparison with 24-hour urine collections. Pediatrics 75:324–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Tuchman M, Ramnaraine ML, Woods WG, Krivit W (1987) Three years of experience with random urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatrics 79:203–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. D’Angio GJ, Evans AE, Koop CE (1971) Special pattern of widespread neuroblastoma with a favourable prognosis. Lancet 1:1046–1049

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Grosfeld JL, Rescorla FJ, West KW, Goldman J (1993) Neuroblastoma in the first year of life: Clinical and biologic factors influencing outcome. Semin Pediatr Surg 2:37–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. van Noesel MM, Hahlen K, Hakvoort-Cammel EG, Egeler RM (1997) Neuroblastoma 4S: A heterogeneous disease with variable risk factors and treatment strategies. Cancer 80:834–843

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Evans AE, Chatten J, D’Angio GJ, Gerson JM, Robinson J, Schnaufer L (1980) A review of 17 IV-S neuroblastoma patients at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Cancer 45:833–839

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Matthay KK, Perez C, Seeger RC, et al. (1998) Successful treatment of stage III neuroblastoma based on prospective biologic staging: A Children’s Cancer Group study. J Clin Oncol 16:1256–1264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Strother D, Shuster JJ, McWilliams N, et al. (1995) Results of pediatric oncology group protocol 8104 for infants with stages D and DS neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 17:254–259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Paul SR, Tarbell NJ, Korf B, et al. (1991) Stage IV neuroblastoma in infants: Long-term survival. Cancer 67:1493–1497

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Schmidt ML, Lukens JN, Seeger RC, et al. (2000) Biologic factors determine prognosis in infants with stage IV neuroblastoma: A prospective Children’s Cancer Group study. J Clin Oncol 18:1260–1268

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Grosfeld JL (2006) Neuroblastoma. In: Grosfeld JL, O’Neill JA Jr, Coran AG, Fonkalsrud EW (eds) Pediatric surgery, vol 1, 6th edn. Mosby, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  139. Nickerson HJ, Matthay KK, Seeger RC, et al. (2000) Favorable biology and outcome of stage IV-S neuroblastoma with supportive care or minimal therapy: A Children’s Cancer Group study. J Clin Oncol 18:477–486

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Dillon PW, Whalen TV, Azizkhan RG, et al. (1995) Neonatal soft tissue sarcomas: The influence of pathology on treatment and survival. J Pediatr Surg 30:1038–1041

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Lloyd DA (2003) Soft-tissue sarcoma. In: Puri P (ed) Newborn surgery, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  142. Soule EH, Pritchard DJ (1977) Fibrosarcoma in infants and children: A review of 110 cases. Cancer 40:1711–1721

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Blocker S, Koenig J, Ternberg J (1987) Congenital fibrosarcoma. J Pediatr Surg 22:665–670

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Ninane J, Gosseye S, Panteon E, Claus D, Rombouts JJ, Cornu G (1986) Congenital fibrosarcoma: Preoperative chemotherapy and conservative surgery. Cancer 58:1400–1406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Knezevich SR, McFadden DE, Tao W, Lim JF, Sorensen PH (1998) A novel ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion in congenital fibrosarcoma. Nat Genet 18:184–187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Rubin BP, Chen CJ, Morgan TW, et al. (1998) Congenital mesoblastic nephroma t (12;15) is associated with ETV6NTRK3 gene fusion: Cytogenetic and molecular relationship to congenital (infantile) fibrosarcoma. Am J Pathol 153:1451–1458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Chung EB, Enzinger FM (1976) Infantile fibrosarcoma. Cancer 38:729–739

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Coffin CM, Dehner LP (1990) Soft tissue tumors in first year of life: A report of 190 cases. Pediatr Pathol 10:509–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Salloum E, Flamant F, Caillaud JM, et al. (1990) Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of soft tissue tumors other than rhabdomyosarcoma in infants under 1 year of age: A clinicopathological study of 34 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. Med Pediatr Oncol 18:37–43

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Barr FG (1997) Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 19:483–491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Raney RB Jr, Hays DM, Tefft M, Triche TJ (1989) Rhabdomyosarcoma and the undifferentiated sarcomas. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG (eds) Principles and practice of pediatric oncology. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 635–658

    Google Scholar 

  152. King DR, Clatworthy HW Jr (1981) The pediatric patient with sarcoma. Semin Oncol 8:215–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Grosfeld JL, Weber TR, Weetman RM, Baehner RL, et al. (1983) Rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood: Analysis of survival in 98 cases. J Pediatr Surg 18:141–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Crist WM, Anderson JR, Meza JL, et al. (2001) Intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study-IV: Results for patients with nonmetastatic disease. J Clin Oncol 19:3091–3102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Crist W, Gehan EA, Ragab AH, et al. (1995) The Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. J Clin Oncol 13:610–630

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Hrabovsky EE, Othersen HB Jr, deLorimier A, Kelalis P, Beckwith JB, Takashima J (1986) Wilms’ tumor in the neonate: A report from the National Wilms’ Tumor Study. J Pediatr Surg 21:385–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Ritchey ML, Azizkhan RG, Beckwith JB, Hrabovsky EE, Haase GM (1995) Neonatal Wilms tumor. J Pediatr Surg 30:856–859

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Giulian BB (1984) Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal renal tumors. Radiology 152:69–70

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Riccabona M (2003) Imaging of renal tumours in infancy and childhood. Eur Radiol 13:L116–L129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Leclair MD, El-Ghoneimi A, Audry G, et al. (2005) The outcome of prenatally diagnosed renal tumors. J Urol 173:186–189

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Gonzalez-Crussi F, Sotelo-Avila C, Kidd JM (1980) Malignant mesenchymal nephroma of infancy: Report of a case with pulmonary metastases. Am J Surg Pathol 4:185–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Machin GA (1980) Persistent renal blastoma (nephroblastomatosis) as a frequent precursor of Wilms’ tumor: A pathological and clinical review. Part 2. Significance of nephroblastomatosis in the genesis of Wilms’ tumor. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2:253–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Bolande RP, Brough AJ, Izant RJ Jr (1967) Congenital mesoblastic nephroma of infancy: A report of eight cases and the relationship to Wilms’ tumor. Pediatrics 40:272–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Beckwith JB (1970) Mesenchymal renal neoplasms of infancy. J Pediatr Surg 5:405–406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Riccardi VM, Sujansky E, Smith AC, Francke U (1978) Chromosomal imbalance in the Aniridia-Wilms’ tumor association: 11p interstitial deletion. Pediatrics 61:604–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Weksberg R, Squire JA (1996) Molecular biology of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Med Pediatr Oncol 27:462–469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Grundy P, Telzerow P, Moksness J, Breslow NE (1996) Clinicopathologic correlates of loss of heterozygosity in Wilms’ tumor: A preliminary analysis. Med Pediatr Oncol 27:429–433

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Green DM, Breslow NE, Beckwith JB, Takashima J, Kelalis P, D’Angio GJ (1993) Treatment outcomes in patients less than two years of age with small, stage I, favorable-histology Wilms’ tumors. A report from the National Wilms’ Tumor Study. J Clin Oncol 11:91–95

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Green DM, Breslow NE, Beckwith JB, et al. (2001) Treatment with nephrectomy only for small, stage I/favorable histology Wilms’ tumor: A report from the National Wilms’ Tumor Study Group. J Clin Oncol 19:3719–3724

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Campbell AN, Chan HS, O’Brien A, Smith CR, Becker LE (1987) Malignant tumors in the neonate. Arch Dis Child 62:19–23

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. von Schweinitz D (2003) Neonatal liver tumours. Semin Neonatol 8:403–410

    Google Scholar 

  172. Douri T (2005) Multiple cutaneous hemangiomas accompanied by hepatic hemangiomas. Dermatol Online J 11:21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Boon LM, Burrows PE, Paltiel HJ, et al. (1996) Hepatic vascular anomalies in infancy: A twenty-seven-year experience. J Pediatr 129:346–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Mulliken JB, Fishman SJ, Burrows PE (2000) Vascular anomalies. Curr Probl Surg 37:517–584

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Marier JJ, Fishman SJ, Upton J, et al. (2002) Prenatal diagnosis of vascular anomalies. J Pediatr Surg 37:318–326

    Google Scholar 

  176. Kassarjian A, Zurakowski D, Dubois J, Paltiel HJ, Fishman SJ, Burrows PE (2004) Infantile hepatic hemangiomas: Clinical and imaging findings and their correlation with therapy. Am J Roentgenol 182:785–795

    Google Scholar 

  177. Huang SA, Tu HM, Harney JW, et al. (2000) Severe hypothyroidism caused by type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase in infantile hemangiomas. N Engl J Med 343:185–189

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Kassarjian A, Dubois J, Burrows PE (2002) Angiographie classification of hepatic hemangiomas in infants. Radiology 222:693–698

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Barlow CF, Priebe CJ, Mulliken JB, et al. (1998) Spastic diplegia as a complication of interferon Alfa-2a treatment of hemangiomas of infancy. J Pediatr 132:527–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Michaud AP, Bauman NM, Burke DK, Manaligod JM, Smith RJ (2004) Spastic diplegia and other motor disturbances in infants receiving interferon-alpha. Laryngoscope 114:1231–1236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Yoon SS, Charny CK, Fong Y, et al. (2003) Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of 115 patients with hepatic hemangioma. J Am Coll Surg 197:392–402

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Tiao GM, Alonso M, Bezerra J, et al. (2005) Liver transplantation in children younger than 1 year — The Cincinnati experience. J Pediatr Surg 40:268–273

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Barnhart DC, Hirschl RB, Garver KA, Geiger JD, Harmon CM, Coran AG (1997) Conservative management of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. J Pediatr Surg 32:1495–1498

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Stringer MD, Alizai NK (2005) Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: A systematic review. J. Pediatr Surg 40:1681–1690

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Ramanujam TM, Ramesh JC, Goh DW, et al. (1999) Malignant transformation of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: Case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg 34:1684–1686

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Berry CL, Keeling J, Hilton C (1970) Coincidence of congenital malformation and embryonic tumours of childhood. Arch Dis Child 45:229–231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Fraumeni JF Jr, Miller RW (1967) Adrenocortical neoplasms with hemihypertrophy, brain tumors, and other disorders. J Pediatr 70:129–138

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Sotelo-Avila C, Gooch WM 3rd (1976) Neoplasms associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 3:255–272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Bodmer WF, Bailey CJ, Bodmer J, et al. (1987) Localization of the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis on chromosome 5. Nature 328:614–616

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Ikeda H, Hachitanda Y, Tanimura M, Maruyama K, Koizumi T, Tsuchida Y (1998) Development of unfavorable hepatoblastoma in children of very low birth weight: Results of a surgical and pathologic review. Cancer 82:1789–1796

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Ikeda H, Matsuyama S, Tanimura M (1997) Association between hepatoblastoma and very low birth weight: A trend or a chance? J Pediatr 130:557–560

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Tanimura M, Matsui I, Abe J, et al. (1998) Increased risk of hepatoblastoma among immature children with a lower birth weight. Cancer Res 58:3032–3035

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Ammann RA, Plaschkes J, Leibundgut K (1999) Congenital hepatoblastoma: A distinct entity? Med Pediatr Oncol 32:466–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Cremin BJ, Nuss D (1974) Calcified hepatoblastoma in a newborn. J Pediatr Surg 9:913–915

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Sinta L, Freud N, Dulitzki F (1992) Hemoperitoneum as the presenting sign of hepatoblastoma in a newborn. Pediatr Surg Int 7:131–133

    Google Scholar 

  196. Ortega JA, Douglass EC, Feusner JH, et al. (2000) Randomized comparison of cisplatin/vincristine/fluorouracil and cisplatin/continuous infusion doxorubicin for treatment of pediatric hepatoblastoma: A report from the Children’s Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 18:2665–2675

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Pritchard J, Brown J, Shafford E, et al. (2000) Cisplatin, doxorubicin and delayed surgery for childhood hepatoblastoma: A successful approach — Results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol 18:3819–3828

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Fuchs J, Rydzynski J, Hecker H, et al. (2002) The influence of preoperative chemotherapy and surgical technique in the treatment of hepatoblastoma: A report from the German Cooperative Liver Tumour Studies HB 89 and HB 94. Eur J Pediatr Surg 12:255–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Fuchs J, Rydzynski J, von Schweinitz D, et al. (2002) Pretreatment prognostic factors and treatment results in children with hepatoblastoma: A report form the German Cooperative Pediatric Liver Tumor Study HB 94. Cancer 95:172–182

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. Knudson AG Jr (1971) Mutation and cancer: Statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 68: 820–823

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Bonaiti-Pellie C, Briard-Guillemot ML (1981) Segregation analysis in hereditary retinoblastoma. Hum Genet 57:411–419

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Shields CL, Shields JA, Needle M, et al. (1997) Combined chemoreduction and adjuvant treatment for intraocular retinoblastoma. Ophthalmology 104:2101–2111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Shields JA, Shields CL (1994) Current management of retinoblastoma. Mayo Clin Proc 69:50–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Dudgeon J (1995) Retinoblastoma: Trends in conservative management. Br J Ophthalmol 79:104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Lamkin TD, Garnis AS (2005) Neonatal oncology. In: deAlarcon PA, Werner E (eds) Neonatal hematology. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  206. Doz F, Neuenschwander S, Plantaz D, et al. (1995) Etoposide and carboplatin in extraocular retinoblastoma: A study by the Société Française d’Oncologie Pédiatrique. J Clin Oncol 13:902–909

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Pratt CB, Fontanesi J, Chenaille P, et al. (1994) Chemotherapy for extraocular retinoblastoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 11:301–309

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Children’s Hospital of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 301 8, Cincinnati, OH, 45239-3039, USA

    Professor Richard G. Azizkhan

Authors
  1. Professor Richard G. Azizkhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Glasgow and Honorary Consultant Paediatric Surgeon at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Women & Children’s Directorate, Yorkhill Glasgow, G3 SSJ, Scotland UK

    Robert Carachi MD, PhD, FRCS (Professor of Surgical Paediatrics) (Professor of Surgical Paediatrics)

  2. Emeritus Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Jay L. Grosfeld MD, FACS, FAAP, FRCS (Lafayette Page Professor and Chairman) (Lafayette Page Professor and Chairman)

  3. Department of Surgical Paediatrics, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill Glasgow, G3 SSJ, Scotland UK

    Amir F. Azmy MB, ChB, DS, FRCS (Consultant Paediatric Surgeon) (Consultant Paediatric Surgeon)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Azizkhan, R.G. (2008). Perinatal Tumors. In: Carachi, R., Grosfeld, J.L., Azmy, A.F. (eds) The Surgery of Childhood Tumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29734-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29734-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29733-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-29734-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation