Abstract
In this chapter, after a brief description of the mitral valve apparatus, are examined the two diseases of mitral valve: stenosis and regurgitation. Mitral Stenosis is mostly due to rheumatic disease and it’s frequently associated with variable levels of regurgitation. Mitral Rigurgitation can be organic, that is due to a structural abnormalities of the mitral valve apparatus, or functional, that is due to a regional or global remodeling of the left ventricle causing a distortion of the MV apparatus. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography are used to evaluate morphology of the MV, to localize and to characterize the type of lesion, and to assess the severity of mitral valvulopathy by PW-Doppler, CW-Doppler and Color Doppler. Quantification of MR severity should integrate all avaible parameters: qualitative (color flow regurgitant jet, proximal flow convergence, continuous wave Doppler signal), semi-quantitative (vena contracta, pulmonary vein flow, transmitral flow) and quantitative (regurgitation volume, regurgitation area, regurgitation fraction). TEE is also usefull in operating theatre to evaluate the good results of the surgery and the presence of possible complications (systolic anterior motion, coronary artery injury, left ventricular rupture).
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Nicoletti, I., Avallato, C., Locatelli, A. (2019). Mitral Valve. In: Sarti, A., Lorini, F. (eds) Textbook of Echocardiography for Intensivists and Emergency Physicians. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99891-6_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99891-6_16
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