Skip to main content

Universal Design as a Way of Thinking About Mobility

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mobility ((LNMOB))

Abstract

The concept of universal design in reference to a strategy to counter social exclusion was first coined by the architect Ronald Mace. He defined Universal design (UD) as “the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design”. This paper will look into the use of UD as a policy objective for transport policy, using Norwegian experience as an example. UD was adopted as one of the four major policy objectives in Norwegian transport policy in 2009. However, from 2018 onwards UD is no longer a main policy objective. This experience with UD as a policy objective is used as an empirical backdrop for a more principal discussion on the usefulness of UD in transport and mobility. I conclude by pointing at UD as a useful vision, but difficult policy objective.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Authors emphasize.

  2. 2.

    https://www.vegvesen.no/_attachment/118984/binary/963983.

References

  • Aarhaug J, Elvebakk B (2015) The impact of Universally accessible public transport—a before and after study. Transp Policy 44(November):143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aarhaug J, Gregersen FA (2016) Vinter, vær og funksjonsnedsettelser—en dybdeanalyse av RVU. TOI report 1543/2016

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony RN (1988) The management control function. Harvard Business School Press, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Arsenjeva J (2017) Annotated review of European Union law and policy with reference todisability. Academic network of European Disability experts (ANED)

    Google Scholar 

  • Audirac I (2008) Accessing transit as universal design. J Plann Lit 23(1):4–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burchardt T, Le Grand J, Piachaud D (1999) Social exclusion in Britain 1991–1995. Soc Policy Adm 33(3):227–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cass N, Shove E, Urry J (2005) Social exclusion, mobility and access. Sociol Rev 539–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crews DE, Zavotka S (2006) Aging, disability and frailty: implications for universal design. J Phys Anthropol 25:113–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delbusc A, Currie G (2011) The spatial context of transport disadvantage, social exclusion and well-being. J Transp Geogr 19(2011):1130–1137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eurostat (2013) Population structure and ageing, available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Population_structure_and_ageing. Last Accessed on Nov 2013

  • Fearnley N, Leiren MD, Skollerud KH, Aarhaug J (2010) Nytte av tiltak for universell utforming i kollektivtransporten. In: Selected Proceedings from the annual transport conference at Aalborg University. ISSN 1903-1092

    Google Scholar 

  • Fearnley N, Flügel S, Ramjerdi F (2011) Passengers’ valuations of universal design measures in public transport. In: Research in transportation business & management, vol 2. Elsevier, pp 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2011.07.004

  • Fearnley N, Aarhaug J, Flügel S, Eliasson J, Madslien A (2015) Measuring the patronage impact of soft quality factors in urban public transport. Paper presented to ITEA Annual conference and summer school (Kuhmo Nectar), Oslo, Norway, June 2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkehelseinstitutttet (2013) Eldre—andelen over 65 år i befolkningen. http://www.fhi.no/eway/default.aspx?pid=233&trg=MainLeft_6039&MainArea_5661=6039:0:15,4576:1:0:0:::0:0&MainLeft_6039=6041:70828::1:6043:8:::0:0

  • Hanson J (2004) The Inclusive City: delivering a more accessible human environment through inclusive design. Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Social Research in Transport (SORT) Clearinghouse, Jan 2004

    Google Scholar 

  • Herriot R (2011) Complexity and consultation—inclusive design in public transport projects. Include2011, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mace R (1997) What is universal design. The center for universal design at North Carolina State University. Retrieved 19 Nov 1997

    Google Scholar 

  • Meld.St.26 (2013) Nasjonal transportplan 2014–23. http://www.ntp.dep.no/Nasjonale+transportplaner/2014-2023

  • Nordbakke S, Schwanen T (2015) Transport, unmet activity needs and wellbeing in later life: exploring the links. Transportation 42(6):1129–1151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nordbakke S, Skollerud K (2016) Transport, udekket aktivitetsbehov og velferd blant personer med nedsatt bevegelsesevne. TOI-report 1465/2016

    Google Scholar 

  • NPRA (2014) Universell utforming av veger og gater, håndbok V129. SVV. https://www.vegvesen.no/_attachment/118984/binary/963983

  • Odeck J, Hagen T, Fearnley N (2010) Economic appraisal of universal design in transport: experiences from Norway. In: Research in transportation economics, vol 30. Elsevier, pp 304–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2010.07.038

  • Øksenholt KV, Aarhaug J (2018) Public transport and people with impairments—exploring non-use of public transport through the case of Oslo, Norway. Disabil Society (in press). https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2018.1481015

  • Preston J (2009) Epilogue: transport policy and social exclusion—some reflections. Transp Policy 16:140–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preston J, Rajé F (2007) Accessibility, mobility, and transport-related social exclusion. J Transp Geogr 15:151–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Priya T, Uteng A (2009) Dynamics of transport and social exclusion: effects of expensive driver’s license. Transp policy 16(3):130–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayle L, Dai D, Chan N, Cervero R, Shaheen S (2016) Just a better taxi? A survey-based comparison of taxis, transit, and ride-sourcing services in San Francisco. Transp Policy 45:168–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rebstock M (2017) Economic benefits of improved accessibility to the transport systems and the role of transport in fostering tourism for all. Disscussion Paper 2017-04 ITF/OECD

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaller B (2017) Unsustainable? The growth of app-based ride services and traffic, travel, and the future of New York City. Schaller Consulting

    Google Scholar 

  • Shakespeare T (2006) The social model of disability. In: The disability studies reader, vol 2. pp 197–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Skartland E-G, Skollerud K (2017). Universell utforming og brukermedvirkning i transportsektoren—en casestudie. TØI rapport 1570/2017

    Google Scholar 

  • Story M, Mueller J, Mace R (1998) The universal design file: designing for people of all ages and abilities. Des Res Methods J 1.1

    Google Scholar 

  • Tennøy A, Øksenholt KV, Fearnley N, Matthews B (2015) Standards for usable and safe environments for sight impaired. In: Municipal Engineer. pp 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.13.00043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson S (2017) Disability prevalence and trends. K4D Helpdesk Report. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2006) convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html accessed 15 Nov 2017

  • Van de Velde D (2004) Reference framework for analyzing targeted competitive tendering in public transport. TØI-report 730/2004

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Sections of this paper draws on the work of Aarhaug and Elvebakk (2015).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jørgen Aarhaug .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Aarhaug, J. (2019). Universal Design as a Way of Thinking About Mobility. In: Müller, B., Meyer, G. (eds) Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe. Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99756-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99756-8_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99755-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99756-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics