Abstract
The concept of universal design in reference to a strategy to counter social exclusion was first coined by the architect Ronald Mace. He defined Universal design (UD) as “the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design”. This paper will look into the use of UD as a policy objective for transport policy, using Norwegian experience as an example. UD was adopted as one of the four major policy objectives in Norwegian transport policy in 2009. However, from 2018 onwards UD is no longer a main policy objective. This experience with UD as a policy objective is used as an empirical backdrop for a more principal discussion on the usefulness of UD in transport and mobility. I conclude by pointing at UD as a useful vision, but difficult policy objective.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Authors emphasize.
- 2.
References
Aarhaug J, Elvebakk B (2015) The impact of Universally accessible public transport—a before and after study. Transp Policy 44(November):143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.08.003
Aarhaug J, Gregersen FA (2016) Vinter, vær og funksjonsnedsettelser—en dybdeanalyse av RVU. TOI report 1543/2016
Anthony RN (1988) The management control function. Harvard Business School Press, Boston
Arsenjeva J (2017) Annotated review of European Union law and policy with reference todisability. Academic network of European Disability experts (ANED)
Audirac I (2008) Accessing transit as universal design. J Plann Lit 23(1):4–16
Burchardt T, Le Grand J, Piachaud D (1999) Social exclusion in Britain 1991–1995. Soc Policy Adm 33(3):227–244
Cass N, Shove E, Urry J (2005) Social exclusion, mobility and access. Sociol Rev 539–555
Crews DE, Zavotka S (2006) Aging, disability and frailty: implications for universal design. J Phys Anthropol 25:113–118
Delbusc A, Currie G (2011) The spatial context of transport disadvantage, social exclusion and well-being. J Transp Geogr 19(2011):1130–1137
Eurostat (2013) Population structure and ageing, available at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Population_structure_and_ageing. Last Accessed on Nov 2013
Fearnley N, Leiren MD, Skollerud KH, Aarhaug J (2010) Nytte av tiltak for universell utforming i kollektivtransporten. In: Selected Proceedings from the annual transport conference at Aalborg University. ISSN 1903-1092
Fearnley N, Flügel S, Ramjerdi F (2011) Passengers’ valuations of universal design measures in public transport. In: Research in transportation business & management, vol 2. Elsevier, pp 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2011.07.004
Fearnley N, Aarhaug J, Flügel S, Eliasson J, Madslien A (2015) Measuring the patronage impact of soft quality factors in urban public transport. Paper presented to ITEA Annual conference and summer school (Kuhmo Nectar), Oslo, Norway, June 2015
Folkehelseinstitutttet (2013) Eldre—andelen over 65 år i befolkningen. http://www.fhi.no/eway/default.aspx?pid=233&trg=MainLeft_6039&MainArea_5661=6039:0:15,4576:1:0:0:::0:0&MainLeft_6039=6041:70828::1:6043:8:::0:0
Hanson J (2004) The Inclusive City: delivering a more accessible human environment through inclusive design. Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Social Research in Transport (SORT) Clearinghouse, Jan 2004
Herriot R (2011) Complexity and consultation—inclusive design in public transport projects. Include2011, London
Mace R (1997) What is universal design. The center for universal design at North Carolina State University. Retrieved 19 Nov 1997
Meld.St.26 (2013) Nasjonal transportplan 2014–23. http://www.ntp.dep.no/Nasjonale+transportplaner/2014-2023
Nordbakke S, Schwanen T (2015) Transport, unmet activity needs and wellbeing in later life: exploring the links. Transportation 42(6):1129–1151
Nordbakke S, Skollerud K (2016) Transport, udekket aktivitetsbehov og velferd blant personer med nedsatt bevegelsesevne. TOI-report 1465/2016
NPRA (2014) Universell utforming av veger og gater, håndbok V129. SVV. https://www.vegvesen.no/_attachment/118984/binary/963983
Odeck J, Hagen T, Fearnley N (2010) Economic appraisal of universal design in transport: experiences from Norway. In: Research in transportation economics, vol 30. Elsevier, pp 304–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2010.07.038
Øksenholt KV, Aarhaug J (2018) Public transport and people with impairments—exploring non-use of public transport through the case of Oslo, Norway. Disabil Society (in press). https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2018.1481015
Preston J (2009) Epilogue: transport policy and social exclusion—some reflections. Transp Policy 16:140–142
Preston J, Rajé F (2007) Accessibility, mobility, and transport-related social exclusion. J Transp Geogr 15:151–160
Priya T, Uteng A (2009) Dynamics of transport and social exclusion: effects of expensive driver’s license. Transp policy 16(3):130–139
Rayle L, Dai D, Chan N, Cervero R, Shaheen S (2016) Just a better taxi? A survey-based comparison of taxis, transit, and ride-sourcing services in San Francisco. Transp Policy 45:168–178
Rebstock M (2017) Economic benefits of improved accessibility to the transport systems and the role of transport in fostering tourism for all. Disscussion Paper 2017-04 ITF/OECD
Schaller B (2017) Unsustainable? The growth of app-based ride services and traffic, travel, and the future of New York City. Schaller Consulting
Shakespeare T (2006) The social model of disability. In: The disability studies reader, vol 2. pp 197–204
Skartland E-G, Skollerud K (2017). Universell utforming og brukermedvirkning i transportsektoren—en casestudie. TØI rapport 1570/2017
Story M, Mueller J, Mace R (1998) The universal design file: designing for people of all ages and abilities. Des Res Methods J 1.1
Tennøy A, Øksenholt KV, Fearnley N, Matthews B (2015) Standards for usable and safe environments for sight impaired. In: Municipal Engineer. pp 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.13.00043
Thompson S (2017) Disability prevalence and trends. K4D Helpdesk Report. Institute of Development Studies, Brighton
United Nations (2006) convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html accessed 15 Nov 2017
Van de Velde D (2004) Reference framework for analyzing targeted competitive tendering in public transport. TØI-report 730/2004
Acknowledgements
Sections of this paper draws on the work of Aarhaug and Elvebakk (2015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Aarhaug, J. (2019). Universal Design as a Way of Thinking About Mobility. In: Müller, B., Meyer, G. (eds) Towards User-Centric Transport in Europe. Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99756-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99756-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99755-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99756-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)