Skip to main content

Axillary Nerve Dysfunction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Shoulder Made Easy

Abstract

This chapter discusses dysfunction of the axillary nerve, its clinical presentation, causes, investigation and management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gurushantappa PK, Kuppasad S. Anatomy of axillary nerve and its clinical importance: a cadaveric study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(3):AC13–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Leechavengvongs S, Teerawutthichaikit T, Witoonchart K, Uerpairojkit C, Malungpaishrope K, Suppauksorn S, Chareonwat B. Surgical anatomy of the axillary nerve branches to the deltoid muscle. Clin Anat. 2015;28(1):118–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tubbs RS, Tyler-Kabara EC, Aikens AC, Martin JP, Weed LL, Salter EG, Oakes WJ. Surgical anatomy of the axillary nerve within the quadrangular space. J Neurosurg. 2005;102(5):912–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ball CM, Steger T, Galatz LM, Yamaguchi K. The posterior branch of the axillary nerve: an anatomic study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A(8):1497–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Price MR, Tillett ED, Acland RD, Nettleton GS. Determining the relationship of the axillary nerve to the shoulder joint capsule from an arthroscopic perspective. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A(10):2135–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Beals TC, Harryman DT 2nd, Lazarus MD. Useful boundaries of the subacromial bursa. Arthroscopy. 1998;14(5):465–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Atef A, El-Tantawy A, Gad H, Hefeda M. Prevalence of associated injuries after anterior shoulder dislocation: a prospective study. Int Orthop. 2016;40(3):519–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Robinson CM, Shur N, Sharpe T, Ray A, Murray IR. Injuries associated with traumatic anterior glenohumeral dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(1):18–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Blom S, Dahlbäck LO. Nerve injuries in dislocations of the shoulder joint and fractures of the neck of the humerus. A clinical and electromyographical study. Acta Chir Scand. 1970;136:461–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Berry H, Bril V. Axillary nerve palsy following blunt trauma to the shoulder region: a clinical and electrophysiological review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45:1027–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Westphal T, Woischnik S, Adolf D, Feistner H, Piatek S. Axillary nerve lesions after open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures through an extended lateral deltoid-split approach: electrophysiological findings. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2017;26(3):464–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lenoir H, Dagneaux L, Canovas F, Waitzenegger T, Pham TT, Chammas M. Nerve stress during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric study. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2017;26(2):323–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Cetik O, Uslu M, Acar HI, Comert A, Tekdemir I, Cift H. Is there a safe area for the axillary nerve in the deltoid muscle? A cadaveric study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(11):2395–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yung SW, Lazarus MD, Harryman DT 2nd. Practical guidelines to safe surgery about the subscapularis. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 1996;5(6):467–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zanotti RM, Kuhn JE. Arthroscopic capsular release for the stiff shoulder. Description of technique and anatomic considerations. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25(3):294–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Eakin CL, Dvirnak P, Miller CM, Hawkins RJ. The relationship of the axillary nerve to arthroscopically placed capsulolabral sutures. An anatomic study. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(4):505–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gryler EC, Greis PE, Burks RT, West J. Axillary nerve temperatures during radiofrequency capsulorrhaphy of the shoulder. Arthroscopy. 2001;17(6):567–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brown SA, Doolittle DA, Bohanon CJ, Jayaraj A, Naidu SG, Huettl EA, Renfree KJ, Oderich GS, Bjarnason H, Gloviczki P, Wysokinski WE, McPhail IR. Quadrilateral space syndrome: the Mayo Clinic experience with a new classification system and case series. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(3):382–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sanders TG, Tirman PF. Paralabral cyst: an unusual cause of quadrilateral space syndrome. Arthroscopy. 1999;15:632–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Turker H, Sarica M, Bilgici A, Cengiz N, Onar MK, Us O. Axillary neuropathy mimicking quadrilateral space syndrome and its follow up for one year. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2008;13(1):79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Visser CP, Coene LN, Brand R, Tavy DL. The incidence of nerve injury in anterior dislocation of the shoulder and its influence on functional recovery. A prospective clinical and EMG study. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1999;81:679–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kostas-Agnantis I, Korompilias A, Vekris M, Lykissas M, Gkiatas I, Mitsionis G, Beris A. Shoulder abduction and external rotation restoration with nerve transfer. Injury. 2013;44(3):299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2013.01.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Koshy JC, Agrawal NA, Seruya M. Nerve transfer versus interpositional nerve graft reconstruction for posttraumatic, isolated axillary nerve injuries: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140(5):953–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Panayiotou Charalambous, C. (2019). Axillary Nerve Dysfunction. In: The Shoulder Made Easy . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98908-2_43

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98908-2_43

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98907-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98908-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics