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The Epidemiology of Rectal Cancer

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Comprehensive Rectal Cancer Care

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Abstract

In the United States, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second commonest cancer in women (746,000 vs. 614,000 cases, respectively in 2012) [1]. There is substantial variability in its worldwide incidence, with the highest incidence seen in developed regions and the lowest incidence recorded in developing regions (Fig. 1.1). The highest incidence is reported in Australasia (44.8 cases per 100,000 males), whereas males in Western Africa have the lowest incidence (4.5 per 100,000) and where geographic variability is reflective of inherent lifestyle differences. In 1969, Denis Burkitt made the observation that populations in low risk areas had an overall higher dietary fiber intake with a greater stool bulk and a more rapid colonic transit time when compared with Westernized countries [2]. Although controversial, the suggestion was that fiber depletion (as well as exposure to more refined carbohydrates) promoted carcinogenesis, however, there have been other later epidemiological studies which have failed to support Burkitt’s original hypothesis [3]. Despite this, the concept is supported by data showing that patients who migrate from areas of low to high incidence tend to develop the same incidence of CRC as their new adopted environment, [4] implying a potential role for dietary primary CRC prevention.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Ian M. Paquette

  2. Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Sarah J. Atkinson

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  1. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Mary Kwaan

  2. University of Melbourne, Victoria, VIC, Australia

    Andrew Zbar

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Paquette, I.M., Atkinson, S.J. (2019). The Epidemiology of Rectal Cancer. In: Kwaan, M., Zbar, A. (eds) Comprehensive Rectal Cancer Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98902-0_1

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