Skip to main content

Infectious Disease Imaging

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Radiology in Global Health
  • 786 Accesses

Abstract

Given the continued high disease burden of infectious diseases worldwide, with communicable diseases still accounting for most deaths in low-income economies, medical imaging can and does play an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious diseases (WHO: Number of deaths: WORLD by cause. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/, 2015). Imaging provides some fundamental advantages in that it is non-invasive and provides results relatively rapidly. Also, given the variety of modalities, e.g., radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), imaging has the potential to provide both basic and highly sophisticated information about the disease processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Palmer PES, Reeder MM. The imaging of tropical diseases: with epidemiological, pathological, and clinical correlation. 2 revised ed. Berlin: Springer; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  2. WHO: Number of deaths: WORLD by cause; 2015. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/.

  3. MRG. European diagnostic imaging system market will grow modestly to almost $2.2 billion in 2017; 2013. https://www.prnewswire.com/newsreleases/european-diagnostic-imaging-system-market-will-grow-modestly-to-almost-22-billion-in-2017-191188891.html.

  4. WHO: Global Maps for Diagnostic Imaging; 2014. http://www.who.int/diagnostic_imaging/collaboration/global_collab_maps/en/.

  5. Frost & Sullivan. Brazilian medical imaging market growth driven by socio-economic factors and private investments; 2013. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/european-diagnostic-imaging-system-market-will-grow-modestlyto-almost-22-billion-in-2017-191188891.html.

  6. Frost & Sullivan. CEE and Russia medical imaging market forecasted to rise at $2.34 billion in 2015; 2013. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/european-diagnostic-imaging-system-market-will-grow-modestlyto-almost-22-billion-in-2017-191188891.html.

  7. Ken Research Private Ltd. India Medical Imaging Industry Outlook to 2017—led by surging income and low penetration; 2013. http://www.kenresearch.com/healthcare/medicaldevices-and-equipments/india-medical-imaging-industry-research-report/374-91.html.

  8. Ken Research Private Ltd. Asia Pacific medical imaging industry outlook to 2017—driven by rising lifestyle diseases and public healthcare expenditure; 2013. http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2556859/asia_pacific_medical_imaging_industry_outlook_to.

  9. Lungren MP, Peper JPC, Ordoñez AA, Jain SK. Infectious disease imaging. In: Mollura DP, Lungren MP, editors. Radiology in global health. 1st ed. New York: Springer; 2014. p. 159–80.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mansfield P, Maudsley AA. Medical imaging by NMR. Br J Radiol. 1977;50:188–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Santiago Restrepo C, Gimenez CR, McCarthy K. Imaging of osteomyelitis and musculoskeletal soft tissue infections: current concepts. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2003;29:89–109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Dai J. Opportunities and challenges of MRI in the developing world. Proc Int Soc Mag Reson Med. 2006:14.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Török E, Moran E, Cooke F. Cerebral abscess. In: Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 771.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bourne R. Fundamentals of digital imaging in medicine. London: Springer; 2010.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. Török E, Moran E, Cooke F. Cestodes. In: Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 604–6.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Koh DM, Burke S, Davies N, SPG P. Transthoracic US of the chest: clinical uses and applications. Radiographics. 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1):e1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bureau NJ, Chhem RK, Cardinal E. Musculoskeletal infections: US manifestations. Radiographics. 1999;19(6):1585–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Shah S, Noble VE, Umulisa I, et al. Development of an ultrasound training curriculum in a limited resource international setting: successes and challenges of ultrasound training in rural Rwanda. Int J Emerg Med. 2008;1:193–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Maru DS, Schwarz R, Jason A, Basu S, et al. Turning a blind eye: the mobilization of radiology services in resource-poor regions. Glob Health. 2010 Oct 14;6:18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Groen RS, Leow JJ, Sadasivam V, Kushner AL. Review: indications for ultrasound use in low- and middle-income countries. Tropical Med Int Health. 2011;16:1525–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Shah SP, Epino H, Bukhman G, et al. Impact of the introduction of ultrasound services in a limited resource setting: rural Rwanda 2008. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2009;9:4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Spencer JK, Adler RS. Utility of portable ultrasound in a community in Ghana. J Ultrasound Med. 2008;27:1735–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Belard S, Tamarozzi F, Bustinduy AL, et al. Review article: point-of-care ultrasound assessment of tropical infectious diseases – a review of applications and perspectives. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;94(1):8–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Condeelis J, Weissleder R. In vivo imaging in cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010;2:a003848.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hammoud DA, Hoffman JM, Pomper MG. Molecular neuroimaging: from conventional to emerging techniques. Radiology. 2007;245:21–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Signore A. The developing role of cytokines for imaging inflammation and infection. Cytokine. 2000;12:1445–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Baum R. Theranostics, Gallium-68, and other radionuclides: a pathway to personalized diagnosis and treatment. Berlin: Springer; 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  28. Esmail H, Lai RP, Lesosky M, et al. Characterization of progressive HIV-associated tuberculosis using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission and computed tomography. Nat Med. 2016;22(10):1090–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Berezin EN, de Moraes JC, Hong T, et al. Pneumonia hospitalization in Brazil from 2003 to 2007. Int J Infect Dis. 2012;16:e583–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Török E, Moran E, Cooke F. Retropharyngeal abscess. In: Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 634.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Török E, Moran E, Cooke F. Infective endocarditis. In: Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 670.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Llewelyn H, Ang HA, Lewis KE, et al. Round opacity (or opacities) >5 mm in diameter. In: Oxford handbook of clinical diagnosis. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 728.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Török E, Moran E, Cooke F. Gas gangrene. In: Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 792.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tsai YF, Ku YH. Necrotizing pneumonia: a rare complication of pneumonia requiring special consideration. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2012;18(3):246–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Allen CM, Al-Jahadi HH, Irion KL, et al. Imaging lung manifestations of HIV/AIDS. Ann Thoracic Med. 2010;5(4):201–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Tasaka S. Recent advances in the diagnosis of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-infected adults. Expert Opin Med Diagn. 2013;7:85–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report; 2016. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/gtbr13_executive_summary.pdf?ua=1.

  38. CDC: Core Curriculum on Tuberculosis: What the clinician should know; 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/education/corecurr/pdf/corecurr_all.pdf.

  39. WHO: Frequently Asked Questions on Xpert MTB/RIF assay; 2014. http://www.who.int/tb/laboratory/xpert_faqs.pdf.

  40. WHO: Chest Radiography in Tuberculosis Detection. 2016. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/252424/1/9789241511506-eng.pdf?ua=1.

  41. Heller T, Wallrauch C, Goblirsch S, Brunetti E. Focused assessment with sonography for HIV-associated tuberculosis: a short protocol and pictorial review. Crit Ultrasound J. 2012;4(1):21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Longmore M, Wilkinson IB, Davidson EH, et al. Clinical features of TB. In: Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 399.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  43. Burrill J, Williams CJ, Bain G, et al. Tuberculosis: a radiologic review. Radiographics. 2007;27(5):1255–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Llewelyn H, Ang HA, Lewis KE, et al. Abnormal hilar shadowing—streaky. In: Oxford handbook of clinical diagnosis. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009. p. 742.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. Jeong YJ, Lee KS. Pulmonary tuberculosis: up-to-date imaging and management. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191:834–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Pool KL, Heuvelings CC, Belard S, Grobusch MP, Zar HJ, Bulas D, Garra B, Andronikou S. Technical aspects of mediastinal ultrasound for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol. 2017 Dec;47(13):1839–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Török E, Moran E, Cooke F. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In: Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 407.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Patel MN, Beningfield S, Burch V. Abdominal and pericardial ultrasound in suspected extrapulmonary or disseminated tuberculosis. S Afr Med J. 2011 Jan;101(1):39–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Lee WK, Van Tonder F, Tartaglia CJ, et al. CT appearances of abdominal tuberculosis. Clin Radiol. 2012;67:596–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Kornienko VN, Pronin IN. Diagnostic neuroradiology. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 2009. p. 1288. ISBN:3540756523.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Kim TK, Chang KH, Kim CJ, et al. Intracranial tuberculoma: comparison of MR with pathologic findings. Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16(9):1903–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Carrillo-Esper R, Moreno-Castaneda L, Hernandez-Cruz AE, et al. Renal tuberculosis. Cir Cir. 2010;78:442–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Mukae H, Taniguchi H, Matsumoto N, et al. Clinicoradiologic features of pleuropulmonary Paragonimus westermani on Kyusyu Island. Japan Chest. 2001;120:514–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kim TS, Han J, Shim SS, et al. Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis: CT findings in 31 patients. Am J Radiol. 2005;185:616–21.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Antimicrobe: Paragonimus species (Paragonimiasis); 2002. http://www.antimicrobe.org/b127rev2.asp.

  56. Im JG, Whang HY, Kim WS, et al. Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis: radiologic findings in 71 patients. Am J Roentgenol. 1992;159:39–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Burivong W, Wu X, Saenkote W, et al. Thoracic radiologic manifestations of melioidosis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2012;41:199–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Dhiensiri T, Puapairoj S, Susaengrat W. Pulmonary melioidosis: clinical-radiologic correlation in 183 cases in northeastern Thailand. Radiology. 1988;166:711–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. WHO: Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: Schistosomiasis 2015. http://www.who.int/gho/neglected_diseases/schistosomiasis/en/.

  60. Sah VK, Wang L, Min X, et al. Human schistosomiasis: a diagnostic imaging focused review of a neglected disease. Radiol Infect Dis. 2015;2:150–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Olveda DU, Olveda RM, Lam AK, et al. Utility of diagnostic imaging in the diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis. Clin Microbiol. 2014;3(2):142. pii: 142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Nunnari G, Pinzone MR, Gruttadauria S, et al. Hepatic echinococcosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:1448–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. WHO Informal Working Group. International classification of ultrasound images in cystic echinococcosis for application in clinical and field epidemiological settings. Acta Trop. 2003;85:253–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Török E, Moran E, Cooke F. Cholecystitis and cholangitis. In: Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 696.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Kilani T, El Hammami S. Pulmonary hydatid and other lung parasitic infections. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8:218–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. WHO: Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs340/en/.

  67. Török E, Moran E, Cooke F. Ascariasis. In: Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. p. 591.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Acquatella H. Echocardiography in Chagas heart disease. Circulation. 2007;115:1124–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Lee-Felker SA, Thomas M, Felker ER, et al. Value of cardiac MRI for evaluation of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. Clin Radiol. 2016;71(6):618.e1–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Rochitte CE, Oliveira PF, Andrade JM, et al. Myocardial delayed enhancement by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Chagas’ disease: a marker of disease severity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(8):1553e8. 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Gascon J, Albajar P, Cañas E, et al. Diagnosis, management and treatment of chronic Chagas’ heart disease in areas where Trypanosoma cruzi infection is not endemic [in Spanish]. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2007;60(3):285e93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. WHO: Soil-transmitted helminth infections. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs366/en/.

  73. Lim JH. Parasitic diseases in the abdomen: imaging findings. Abdom Imaging. 2008;33:130–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Reeder MM. The radiological and ultrasound evaluation of ascariasis of the gastrointestinal, biliary, and respiratory tracts. Semin Roentgenol. 1998;33:57–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Choudhuri H, Thappa DM, Kumar RH, et al. Bone changes in leprosy patients with disabilities/deformities (a clinico-radiological correlation). Indian J Lepr. 1999;71:203–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Ochoa MT, Valderrama L, Ochoa A, et al. Lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy: clinical presentation and cytokine responses. Int J Dermatol. 1996;35(11):786–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. WHO: Taeniasis/cysticercosis; 2017. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs376/en/.

  78. Kraft R. Cysticercosis: an emerging parasitic disease. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76:91–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Abdel Razek AA, Watcharakorn A, Castillo M. Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2011;21:815–41, viii.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Kimura-Hayama ET, Higuera JA, Corona-Cedillo R, et al. Neurocysticercosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2010;30(6):1705–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. WHO: Toxoplasmosis Fact Sheet. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/294599/Factsheet-Toxoplasmosis-en.pdf?ua=1.

  82. Lee GT, Antelo F, Mlikotic AA. Cerebral Toxoplasmosis. Radiographics. 2009;29(4):1200–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Malinger G, Werner H, Rodriguez Leonel JC, et al. Prenatal brain imaging in congenital toxoplasmosis. Prenat Diagn. 2011 Sep;31(9):881–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. WHO: Foodborne trematode infections: Clonorchiasis. http://www.who.int/foodborne_trematode_infections/clonorchiasis/en/.

  85. Lim JH. Radiologic findings of clonorchiasis. Am J Roentgenol. 1990;155(5):1001–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Lim JH, Kim SY, Park CM. Parasitic diseases of the biliary tract. Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(6):1596–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Antimicrobe: Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis). http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/b137.asp.

  88. Araujo Júnior E, Carvalho FH, Tonni G, Werner H. Prenatal imaging findings in fetal Zika virus infection. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2017;29(2):95–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Oliveira-Szengnfeld, et al. Congenital brain abnormalities and zika virus: what the radiologist can expect to see prenatally and postnatally. Radiology. 2016;281:1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Brasil P, Pereira JP, Moreira ME, et al. Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2321–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Stegmann BJ, Carey JC. TORCH infections: toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19), rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes infections. Current Womens Health. 2002;2(4):253–8.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kara-Lee Pool .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Desai, I., Pool, KL. (2019). Infectious Disease Imaging. In: Mollura, D., Culp, M., Lungren, M. (eds) Radiology in Global Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98485-8_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98485-8_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-98484-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-98485-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics