Abstract
This chapter evaluates whether the KRI’s political and economic institutions are conducive for economic development. There have been growing economic development literatures that point at the importance of having inclusive institutions for sustained economic growth. Inclusive economic institutions create a level playing field for entrepreneurship and businesses, provide secure property rights, and enforce contracts. Inclusive political institutions create a democratic society where groups and interests are represented and their demands are expressed through political mechanisms; which articulates, reconciles and turns such demands into policies. In positioning the need for inclusive institutions, we also explore how various public sector inefficiencies can occur due to shortcomings of bureaucracy, interest groups, and political behaviors within political and economic institutional structures. Public Choice economic literatures show that key actors of political processes may engage in economically damaging behaviors such as rent-seeking activities by well-organized interest groups or short-term political decision making. Thus, society’s resources could be wasted unless well-designed institutional constraints are established, and incentives for economically damaging political behavior are eliminated or reduced. Therefore, a country or region’s institutions, starting from the constitution, need to be designed in a way that will bring transparency in public revenues and expenditure for the public’s scrutiny.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Abramzon, Shmuel, Nicholas Burger, Peter Glick, Krishna B. Kumar, and Cheryl K. Montemayor. 2016. Calculating the Gross Regional Product of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1405.html.
Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. 2013. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. London: Profile Books.
Al-Marashi, Ibrahim. 2017. What Future for Iraq? In After Mosul Re-inventing Iraq, ed. Andrea Plebani, 13–32. Milano: Ledizioni Ledi Publishing.
Anthony, C. Ross, Michael L. Hansen, Krishna B. Kur, Howard J. Shatz, and Georges Vernez. 2013. Building the Future: Summary of Four Studies to Develop the Private Sector, Education, Health Care, and Data for Decision making for the Kurdistan Region–Iraq (with Arabic-language version). Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
Atlantic Council. 2017. Report of the Task Force on the Future of Iraq: Achieving Long-Term Stability to Ensure the Defeat of ISIS. Atlantic Council Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East.
Bartnick, Aaron. 2017. Obstacles and Opportunities for Entrepreneurship in Iraq & the Kurdistan Region. Sulaimani, Iraq: Institute of Regional and International Studies, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani.
Bengio, Ofra. 2017. The “Other Iraq” After Mosul. In After Mosul Re-inventing Iraq, ed. Andrea Plebani, 69–90. Milano: Ledizioni Ledi Publishing.
Butler, Eamonn. 2013. Public Choice: A Primer. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs.
Danilovich, Alex, and Huda S. Abdulrahman. 2017. Aiming at Secession. UKH Journal of Social Sciences 1 (1): 48–59.
DeWeaver, Mark. 2016. Kurdistan’s Great Recession: From Boom to Bust in the Rentier Economy. Sulaimani, Iraq: Institute of Regional and International Studies, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani. http://auis.edu.krd/iris/sites/default/files/Kurdistan’s%20Great%20Recession_0.pdf.
DeWeaver, Mark. 2017. Decentralized Rent Seeking in Iraq’s Post-ISIS Economy: A Warning from the Concrete Block Industry. Sulaimani, Iraq: Institute for Regional and International Studies, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani.
Easterly, William. 2002. The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Gwartney, James, and Richard E. Wagner. 2004. The Public Choice Revolution. In Readings in Public Choice Economics, ed. Jac C. Heckeln, 3–18. Ann Arbo: University of Michigan Press.
Hadad, Hamzah, and Brandon L. Wallace. 2017. The Iraqi Kurdish Security Apparatus: Vulnerability and Structure. Small Wars Journal. http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-iraqi-kurdish-security-apparatus-vulnerability-and-structure.
Hamad, Tawfiq Rahman. 2011. Elections and Democracy in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Masters dissertation, KDI School of Public Policy and Management.
“Iraqi Kurds mark 25 years since Halabja gas attack.” BBC News, March 16, 2013. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-21814734.
Jameel, Hemn Namiq. 2017. A Case Study of Political Corruption in Conflict-Affected Societies (The Kurdistan Region of Iraq 2003–13). Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Leicester.
Kurdistan Regional Government. Ministers and Departments. http://cabinet.gov.krd/p/page.aspx?l=12&s=030000&r=315&p=228&h=1. Accessed 11 Feb 2018.
“Kurdistan Region of Iraq 2020: A Vision for the Future.” Erbil, Iraq: Kurdistan Regional Government, 2013. http://www.ekrg.org/files/pdf/KRG_2020_last_english.pdf.
Lennox, Gina. 2015. Supporting a Functional Federation in Iraq. Research Gate.
North, Douglass C., John Joseph Wallis, and Barry R. Weingast. 2009. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Philips, David L., and Nancy E. Soderberg. 2015. Task Force Report: State-Building in Iraqi Kurdistan. New York: Institute for the Study of Human Rights, Columbia University. http://www.humanrightscolumbia.org/sites/default/files/pdf/pbhr_state_building_kurdistan.pdf.
Pring, Coralie. Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Overview of Corruption and Anti-corruption. U4 Anti-corruption Centre and Transparency International, last modified July, 2015. http://www.u4.no/publications/kurdistan-region-of-iraq-overview-of-corruption-and-anti-corruption.
Rogg, Ingr, and Hans Rimscha. 2007. The Kurds as Parties to and Victims of Conflicts in Iraq. International Review of the Red Cross 89 (868): 828–829.
Saadoun, M. 2017. KRG Speaker: Independent Kurdish State Complex Issue. Al Monitor, January 15. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/01/kurdish-parliament-speaker-iraq.html.
Smith, Crispin M.I., and Vartan Shadarevian. 2017. Wilting in the Kurdish Sun: The Hopes and Fears of Religious Minorities in Northern Iraq. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, May.
Sümer, Fahrettin, and Jay Joseph. 2018. The Paradox of the Iraqi Kurdish Referendum on Independence: Contradictions and Hopes for Economic Prosperity. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (11 February): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2018.1430533.
“The Best of Times and Worst of Times: Addressing Structural Weaknesses of the Kurdistan Region’s Economy.” Erbil, Iraq: Middle East Research Institute, 2016. http://www.meri-k.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/MERI-Economic-Report-January-2016-2.pdf.
“The Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Assessing the Economic and Social Impact of the Syrian Conflict and ISIS.” Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2015. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/579451468305943474/The-Kurdistan-region-of-Iraq-assessing-the-economic-and-social-impact-of-the-Syrian-conflict-and-ISIS.
“The Kurdistan Region of Iraq—Reforming the Economy for Shared Prosperity and Protecting the Vulnerable.” Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2016. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/672671468196766598/in-report.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sümer, F., Joseph, J. (2019). Compatibility of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq’s Institutions and Economic Development Within Iraq. In: Anaid, A., Tugdar, E. (eds) Iraqi Kurdistan’s Statehood Aspirations. Middle East Today. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93420-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93420-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93419-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93420-4
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)