Skip to main content

Neuroimaging of Vascular Skin Lesions and Related Conditions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Neuroradiological Imaging of Skin Diseases and Related Conditions

Abstract

Vascular lesions that may have skin manifestations can be classified as tumors, malformations, and miscellaneous according to the ISSVA. Vascular tumors can be benign, such as congenital and infantile hemangiomas, or aggressive and malignant, such as Kaposi sarcoma and angiosarcoma (refer to Chap. 6). Vascular malformations can be classified as simple, such as capillary malformations, lymphatic malformations, and venous malformations, combined, such as arteriovenous malformations and lymphatic-venous malformation, and associated with other anomalies, such as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, Sturge-Weber syndrome (also refer to Chap. 3), and Maffucci syndrome. Furthermore, coagulation abnormalities such as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell disease can have both skin and neuroimaging findings. Certain examples of these different types of vascular lesions with skin involvement and associated neuroimaging findings are reviewed in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Suggested Reading

  • Alomari AI, Chaudry G, Rodesch G, Burrows PE, Mulliken JB, Smith ER, Fishman SJ, Orbach DB. Complex spinal-paraspinal fast-flow lesions in CLOVES syndrome: analysis of clinical and imaging findings in 6 patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(10):1812–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker LL, Dillon WP, Hieshima GB, Dowd CF, Frieden IJ. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck: MR characterization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1993;14(2):307–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruch-Gerharz D, Gerharz CD, Stege H, Krutmann J, Pohl M, Koester R, Ruzicka T. Cutaneous lymphatic malformations in disappearing bone (Gorham-Stout) disease: a novel clue to the pathogenesis of a rare syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56(2 Suppl):S21–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buonanno FS, Cooper MR, Moody DM, Laster DW, Ball MR, Toole JF. Neuroradiologic aspects of cerebral disseminated intravascular coagulation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1980;1(3):245–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Certo M, Lopes L, Ramada J. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: manifestations at computed tomography. Acta Radiol. 2007;48(9):962–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellchuk TN, Shah LM, Hewlett RH, Osborn AG. Suspicious neuroimaging pattern of thrombotic microangiopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(4):734–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldmeyer L, Baumann-Vogel H, Tournier-Lasserve E, Riant F, Jung HH, French LE, Kamarashev J. Hyperkeratotic cutaneous vascular malformation associated with familial cerebral cavernous malformations (FCCM) with KRIT1/CCM1 mutation. Eur J Dermatol. 2014;24(2):255–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher-Jeffes ND, Domingo Z, Madden M, de Villiers JC. Arteriovenous malformations of the scalp. Neurosurgery. 1995;36(4):656–60; discussion 660.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flors L, Leiva-Salinas C, Maged IM, Norton PT, Matsumoto AH, Angle JF, Hugo Bonatti M, Park AW, Ahmad EA, Bozlar U, Housseini AM, Huerta TE, Hagspiel KD. MR imaging of soft-tissue vascular malformations: diagnosis, classification, and therapy follow-up. Radiographics. 2011a;31(5):1321–40; discussion 1340–1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golden MJ, Morrison LA, Kim H, Hart BL. Increased number of white matter lesions in patients with familial cerebral cavernous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36(5):899–903.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurkanlar D, Gonul M, Solmaz I, Gonul E. Cirsoid aneurysms of the scalp. Neurosurg Rev. 2006;29(3):208–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Happle R. Capillary malformations: a classification using specific names for specific skin disorders. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(12):2295–305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff SR, Rastatter JC, Richter GT. Head and neck vascular lesions. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2015;48(1):29–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kassarjian A, Fishman SJ, Fox VL, Burrows PE. Imaging characteristics of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181(4):1041–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato GJ, Hebbel RP, Steinberg MH, Gladwin MT. Vasculopathy in sickle cell disease: biology, pathophysiology, genetics, translational medicine, and new research directions. Am J Hematol. 2009;84(9):618–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar MS, Kumar MH, Sivakumar V, Kumar SH. A diagnostic challenge: pyogenic granuloma or oral focal mucinosis. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee DG, Lee SK, Chang HW, et al. CT features of lobular capillary hemangioma of the nasal cavity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31(4):749–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maari C, Frieden IJ. Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome: the importance of “geographic stains” in identifying lymphatic disease and risk of complications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(3):391–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metry D, Heyer G, Hess C, et al. Consensus statement on diagnostic criteria for PHACE syndrome. Pediatrics. 2009;124(5):1447–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minniti CP, Eckman J, Sebastiani P, Steinberg MH, Ballas SK. Leg ulcers in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol. 2010;85(10):831–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moake JL. Thrombotic microangiopathies. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:589–600.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulligan PR, Prajapati HJ, Martin LG, Patel TH. Vascular anomalies: classification, imaging characteristics and implications for interventional radiology treatment approaches. Br J Radiol. 2014;87(1035):20130392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nozaki T, Nosaka S, Miyazaki O, et al. Syndromes associated with vascular tumors and malformations: a pictorial review. Radiographics. 2013;33(1):175–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olivieri B, White CL, Restrepo R, McKeon B, Karakas SP, Lee EY. Low-flow vascular malformation pitfalls: from clinical examination to practical imaging evaluation—part 2, venous malformation mimickers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;206(5):952–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavanello M, Melloni I, Antichi E, et al. Sinus pericranii: diagnosis and management in 21 pediatric patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(1):60–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranger A, Szymczak A. Do intracranial neoplasms differ in Ollier disease and maffucci syndrome? An in-depth analysis of the literature. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(6):1106–13; discussion 1113–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers GP. Overview of pathophysiology and rationale for treatment of sickle cell anemia. Semin Hematol. 1997;34(3 Suppl 3):2–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saito N, Nadgir RN, Flower EN, Sakai O. Clinical and radiologic manifestations of sickle cell disease in the head and neck. Radiographics. 2010;30(4):1021–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheu M, Fauteux G, Chang H, Taylor W, Stopa E, Robinson-Bostom L. Sinus pericranii: dermatologic considerations and literature review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(6):934–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steven A, Raghavan P, Rath TJ, Gandhi D. Neurologic and head and neck manifestations of sickle cell disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2016;30(4):779–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun GH, Myer CM 3rd. Otolaryngologic manifestations of Maffucci’s syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;73(7):1015–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi S, Shinoda H, Nakano Y. Congenital stapedial fixation associated with Beckwith--Wiedemann syndrome: two cases of a woman and her brother. Am J Otol. 1996;17(1):111–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thust SC, Burke C, Siddiqui A. Neuroimaging findings in sickle cell disease. Br J Radiol. 2014;87(1040):20130699.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torregrosa A, Martí-Bonmatí L, Higueras V, Poyatos C, Sanchís A. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: frequency of cerebral and cerebellar hemihypertrophy on MRI. Neuroradiology. 2000;42(6):420–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner JT, Cohen MM Jr, Biesecker LG. Reassessment of the Proteus syndrome literature: application of diagnostic criteria to published cases. Am J Med Genet A. 2004;130A(2):111–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ware RE, de Montalembert M, Tshilolo L, Abboud MR. Sickle cell disease. Lancet. 2017;390(10091):311–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wassef M, Blei F, Adams D, et al. ISSVA board and scientific committee. Vascular anomalies classification: recommendations from the international society for the study of vascular anomalies. Pediatrics. 2015;136:e203–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White CL, Olivieri B, Restrepo R, McKeon B, Karakas SP, Lee EY. Low-flow vascular malformation pitfalls: from clinical examination to practical imaging evaluation—part 1, lymphatic malformation mimickers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;206(5):940–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Thomas Ginat .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ginat, D.T., Stein, S.L., McCann, S., Christoforidis, G. (2019). Neuroimaging of Vascular Skin Lesions and Related Conditions. In: Ginat, D. (eds) Neuroradiological Imaging of Skin Diseases and Related Conditions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90931-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90931-8_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90929-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90931-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics