Abstract
Faith-based initiatives first entered the American lexicon over two decades ago, and the practice of government has been significantly altered ever since. This initiative’s genesis, effectively Faith-Based 1.0, formally began under Charitable Choice , a provision in 1996’s Welfare Reform Law. This provision offered clients of government funded job placement , housing, food distribution , and other programs the choice of receiving services from a faith-based or secular provider. It also reversed the longstanding requirement for faith-based organizations to secularize themselves before becoming eligible to bid for government service contracts.
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Notes
- 1.
On the Charitable Choice provision of welfare reform law and congregationally run poverty relief efforts, see, for example: Ammerman (2005), Bartkowski and Regis (2003), Chaves (1999), Cnaan et al. (2002). On the administrative and legal challenges associated with Charitable Choice , see for example: Kennedy and Bielefeld (2002), Brownstein (1999).
- 2.
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Boorstein and Kindy (2009).
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The press release, from which quotes featured here are drawn, can be found at the following web address: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/ObamaAnnouncesWhiteHouseOfficeofFaith-basedandNeighborhoodPartnerships/. Accessed November 15, 2016.
- 5.
Boorstein and Wan (2010). In another critique, Americans United cited 2008 Pew Research Center poll data revealing that “61 percent of Americans say groups that encourage religious conversion should not be eligible for public funding … [and] an overwhelming 73% say organizations that hire only people who share their religious beliefs should not receive government grants.” See http://www.au.org/media/press-releases/archives/2010/03/obama-inaction-on-faith-based.html. Accessed May 3, 2016.
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Boorstein and Wan (2010).
- 8.
Waters (2010).
- 9.
Craig and Boorstein (2009).
- 10.
Waters (2010).
- 11.
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Smith and Martinez (2016).
- 13.
Towey (2016).
- 14.
Glueck (2017).
- 15.
Poggioli (2017).
- 16.
Sommer (2016).
- 17.
Montgomery (2017).
- 18.
- 19.
- 20.
- 21.
- 22.
Smith and Sosin (2001).
- 23.
Monsma (2004).
- 24.
- 25.
Monsma (2004).
- 26.
- 27.
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Bartkowski, J.P., Grettenberger, S.E. (2018). Faith-Based Persistence and Permutations. In: The Arc of Faith-Based Initiatives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90668-3_1
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