Skip to main content

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Well-Being and Quality of Life Research ((BRIEFSWELLBEING))

  • 121 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter introduces Badagas, an ethnic minority in India, and their general portrayal by scholars. Drawing on literature since the colonial era, it reviews different representations, collectively a social construction of a distinct cultural and ethnic identity category for a specific population and way of life—a popular imagination of a hill tribe in a remote region bound by strong ties to ancient myths and rituals, kinship, and land. Colonists, missionaries, and early intellectuals gave the false appearance of coherence to people in othering and social boundary-making processes, a mindset grounded in European colonial expansion and early anthropology. Later writers uncritically adopted and reinscribed a reified identity through detailed investigations of its defining criteria, and in this way misleading stereotypes have been stamped in the literature over many years. Another aim of the chapter is to pinpoint what is already known about Badagas, as well as gaps in knowledge, to make a case for the empirical research reported in this book which is a multi-sited ethnography of life quality and identities among Badagas in two connected locations, the first online among Internet forum users, and the second in the real world with rural-to-urban migrants in Bangalore.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agesthialingom, S. (1972). Nouns of the Badaga language. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 92(2), 276–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belli Gowder, M. (1923–1941). A historical research on the hill tribes of the Nilgiris. Unpublished manuscript, Ketti, Nilgiris District, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belli Gowder, M. (1938–41). Origin of the Badagas. Unpublished manuscript, Ketti, Nilgiris District, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benbow, J. (1930). The Badagas–beliefs and customs. Bangalore, India: United Theological College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird-David, N. (1997). The Nilgiri tribal systems: A view from below. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue mountains revisited: Cultural studies on the Nilgiri Hills (pp. 5–22). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breeks, J. W. (1873). An account of the primitive tribes and monuments of the Nilagiris. London, England: India Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Congreve, H. (1847). The antiquities of the Neilgherry Hills, including an inquiry into the descent of the Thautawars or Todars. Madras Journal of Literature and Science, 14(1), 77–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirks, N. B. (2001). Castes of mind: Colonialism and the making of modern India. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emeneau, M. B. (1938). Toda culture thirty-five years after: An acculturation study. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 19(2), 101–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emeneau, M. B. (1939). The vowels of the Badaga language. Language, 15(1), 43–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emeneau, M. B. (1944–1946). Kota texts: Parts 1–4 (Vol. 2). Berkely, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emeneau, M. B. (1967). The south Dravidian languages. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 87(4), 365–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emeneau, M. B. (1989). The languages of the Nilgiris. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue Mountains: The ethnography and biogeography of a South Indian Region (pp. 133–147). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, J. (1603, April 1). A letter from Father Jacome Ferreira to the Vice-Provincial of Calicut. 

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, W. (Ed.). (1908). Madras district gazetteers: The Nilgiris. Madras, India: Superintendent, Government Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fry, D. P., Bonta, B. D., & Baszarkiewicz, K. (2008). Learning from extant cultures of peace. In J. De Rivera (Ed.), Handbook on building cultures of peace (pp. 11–26). New York, NY: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, H. A. (1967). Priest and counterpriest: A structural analysis of Jajmani relationships in the Hindu Plains and the Nilgiri Hills. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 1, 28–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grigg, H. B. (Ed.). (1880). A manual of the Nilagiri district in the Madras presidency. Madras, India: E. Keys, Government Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, H. (1832). A description of a singular aboriginal race inhabiting the summit of the Neilgherry Hills, or Blue Mountains of Coimbatoor, in the southern peninsula of India. London, England: Smith, Elder and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidemann, F. (1997). Immigrant labourers and local networks in the Nilgiri. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue mountains revisited: Cultural studies on the Nilgiri hills (pp. 148–163). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidemann, F. (2014). Objectification and social aesthetics: Memoranda and the celebration of “Badaga Day”. Asian Ethnology, 73(1/2), 91–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (1968). Identity in complex societies: Are the Badagas caste or tribe? Journal of African and Asian Studies, 2, 29–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (1975). Paikara: An iron age burial in South India. Asian Perspectives, XVIII(1), 26–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (1980a). Ancient Hindu refugees: Badaga social history, 1550–1975. The Hague, The Netherlands: Mouton Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (1980b). Sex and disease in a mountain community. New Delhi, India: Vikas Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (1982). Badaga kinship rules in their socio-economic context. Anthropos, 77(5/6), 851–874.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (1988). Counsel from the ancients: A study of Badaga proverbs, prayers, omens and curses. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (Ed.). (1989). Blue Mountains: The ethnography and biogeography of a South Indian region. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (1993). Ethnic identity in a complex society: The Badaga case. Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology, 18(2), 347–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (Ed.). (1997). Blue mountains revisited: Cultural studies on the Nilgiri hills. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (1999). Kindreds of the earth: Badaga household structure and demography. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (2008). All aboard the Nilgiri Express!—sustained links between anthropology and a single Indian district. History and Anthropology, 19(1), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P. (2013). So long a saga: Four centuries of Badaga social history. New Delhi, India: Manohar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockings, P., & Pilot-Raichoor, C. (1992). A Badaga-English dictionary. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, D. (1996). The magic mountains: Hill stations and the British Raj. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, W. R. (1870). The aboriginal tribes of the Nilgiri hills. The Journal of Anthropology, 1(1), 18–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, H., & Cutbrush, M. (1952). Sickle-cell trait in southern India. British Medical Journal, 23(1), 404–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahias, M.-C. (1997). The construction of the Nilgiris as a ‘tribal sanctuary’. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue mountains revisited: Cultural studies on the Nilgiri hills (pp. 316–334). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbaum, D. (1941). Culture change among the Nilgiri tribes. American Anthropologist, 43(1), 19–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbaum, D. G. (1955). The world and the world view of the Kota. In M. Marriott (Ed.), Village India: Studies in the little community (pp. 223–254). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbaum, D. G. (1956). The Kotas in their social setting. In Introduction to the civilization of India: Changing dimensions of Indian society and culture. Chicago, IL: Syllabus Division, The College, The University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbaum, D. G. (1982). The Nilgiris as a region. Economic & Political Weekly, 17(36), 1459–1467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbaum, D. G. (1989). The Nilgiris as a region. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue mountains: The ethnography and biogeography of a South Indian region (pp. 1–19). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantramurti, A. (1981). Traditional panchayat system of the Badagas of the Nilgiris. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 42(3), 48–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, W. E. (1873). A Phrenologist amongst the Todas or the study of a primitive tribe in South India: History, character, customs, religion, infanticide, polyandry, language. London, England: Longmans, Green, and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, F. (1864). The tribes inhabiting the Neilgherry hills: Their social customs and religious rites. Mangalore, India: Basel Mission Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Misra, R. (1972). Inter-tribal relations in Erumad. The Eastern Anthropologist, 25(2), 135–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Misra, P. K. (1999, December 14). The Badaga way of life. The Hindu

    Google Scholar 

  • Naik, I. A. R. (1966). The culture of the Nilgiri Hills, with its catalogue collection at the British Museum (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of London, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neilson, J., & Pritchard, B. (2009). Value chain struggles: Institutions and governance in the plantation districts of South India. Sussex, England: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouchterlony, J. (1868). Geographical and statistical memoir of the Neilgherry mountains. Madras, India: Higginbotham & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranga, N. (1934). The tribes of the Nilgiris: Their social and economic conditions. Bezwada, India: Vani Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivers, W. H. R. (1906). The Todas. London, England: Macmillan and Co., Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiagarajan, S. (2012, December 4). Badaga language not a dialect of Kannada, claims French linguistic scholar. The Times of India. Retrieved from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Badaga-language-not-a-dialect-of-Kannada-claims-French-linguistic-scholar/articleshow/17472123.cms

  • Thurston, E., & Rangachari, K. (1909). Castes and tribes of Southern India. Madras, India: Government Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vishwanathan, H., Edwin, D., Usharani, M. V., & Majumder, P. P. (2003). Insertion/deletion polymorphisms in tribal populations of Southern India and their possible evolutionary implications. Human Biology, 75(6), 873–887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Lengerke, H., & Blasco, F. (1989). The Nilgiri environment. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue mountains: The ethnography and biogeography of a South Indian Region (pp. 20–78). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A. R. (1986). The Toda of South India: A new look. New Delhi, India: Hindustan Publishing Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A. (1989). Toda society between tradition and modernity. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue mountains: The ethnography and biogeography of a South Indian Region (pp. 186–205). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, B. (1821). Geographical and statistical memoir of a survey of the Neelgherry Mountains in the province of Coimbatore made in 1821 under the superintendence of Captain B. S. Ward, Deputy Surveyor-General. In H. B. Grigg (Ed.), A Manual of the Nilagiri district in the Madras presidency (lx–lxxviii). Madras, India: E. Keys, Government Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse, T. (1873). Lingerings of light in a dark land: Being researches into the past history and present condition of the Syrian Church of Malabar. London, England: William Brown & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zagarell, A. (1997). The megalithic graves of the Nilgiri Hills and The Moyar Ditch. In P. Hockings (Ed.), Blue mountains revisited: Cultural studies on the Nilgiri Hills (pp. 23–73). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gareth Davey .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Davey, G. (2018). Introduction. In: Quality of Life and Well-Being in an Indian Ethnic Community. SpringerBriefs in Well-Being and Quality of Life Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90662-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90662-1_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90661-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90662-1

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics