Abstract
Three studies analyzed the effect of education and social variables on intelligence (represented by one cognitive measure and at the g level) using samples from the SLATINT Project. The results indicated that intelligence, as measured by one measure (e.g., the SPM or IR test), was slightly influenced by education or the SES of schools. However, when intelligence was represented at the latent level (or g factor), the influence of social variables decreased. On the other hand, school performance was primarily influenced by cognitive differences, and secondly by the SES of schools.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bouchard, T. J., Jr., & McGue, M. (1981). Familial studies of intelligence: A review. Science, 212, 1055–1059.
Bowman, M. L. (1989). Testing individual differences in ancient China. American Psychologist, 44, 576–578.
Breslow, N. E., & Clayton D. G. (1993). Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 88, 9–25.
Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, J., Mood, A. M., Weinfeld, F. D., & York, R. L. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Deary, I. J., Johnson, W., & Houlihan, L. M. (2009). Genetic foundations of human intelligence. Human Genetics, 126, 215–232.
Flores-Mendoza, C., Mansur-Alves, M., Ardila, R., Rosas, R. D., Guerrero-Leiva, M. K., Maqueo, M. E. L.-G., Gallegos, M., …León, A. B. (2015). Fluid intelligence and school performance and its relationship with social variables in Latin American samples. Intelligence, 49, 66–83. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.12.005.
Flores-Mendoza, C., Saraiva, R. B., Câmara, G. C. B., Lopes, W. M. G., Passos, A. P. C. P., Gama, A. M. V. P., … Reategui, N. (2017). Socioeconomic environment effect on inferential reasoning of Latin American Students. Revista de Salud Mental, 40, 183–190.
Gamoran, A., & Long, D. A. (2006). Equality of educational opportunity: A 40-year retrospective (WCER Working Paper No. 2006-9). Madison: University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin Center for Education Research. Retrieved [December 09, 2017] from https://wcer.wisc.edu/publications/year/2006http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/publications/workingPapers/papers.php
Harden, K. P., Turkheimer, E., & Loehlin, J. C. (2007). Genotype by environment interaction in adolescents’ cognitive aptitude. Behavior Genetics, 37, 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-006-9113-4
Heyneman, S. P., & Loxley, W. A. (1983). The effect of primary school quality on academic achievement across twenty-nine high- and low-income countries. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 1162−1194.
Hu, F. B., Goldberg, J., Hedeker, D., Flay, B. F., & Pentz, M. A. (1998). Comparison of population-averaged and subject-specific approaches for analyzing repeated binary outcomes. American Journal of Epidemiology, 147, 694–703. Retrieved from http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/147/7/694.short.
Kaufman, S. B., Reynolds, M. R., Liu, X., Kaufman, A. S., & McGrew, K. S. (2012). Are cognitive g and academic achievement g one and the same g? An exploration on the Woodcock–Johnson and Kaufman tests. Intelligence, 40, 123–138.
Lynn, R., & Hattori, K. (1990). The heritability of intelligence in Japan. Behavior genetics, 20, 545–546. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067719
Marshall, A., Keynes, J. M., & Guillebaud, C. W. (1978). Obras escogidas. DF Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica.
Melby-Lervåg, M., & Hulme, C. (2013). Is working memory effective? A meta-analytic review. Development Psychology, 49, 270–291. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028228
Neisser, E.U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T., Boykin, A., Brody, N., Ceci, S., …Urbina, S. (1996): Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51, 2, 77–101.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—OECD (2007). PISA 2006: Science competencies for tomorrow’s world: Vol. 1 Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2006_9789264040014-en.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—OECD (2010). PISA 2009 results: What students know and can do — Student performance in reading, mathematics and science (Vol. I). https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264091450-en.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—OECD (2013). PISA 2012 Results in focus: What 15-years-old know and what they can do with what they know. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-overview.pdf.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—OECD. (2014). PISA 2012 results: What students know and can do. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2012-results-what-students-know-and-can-do-volume-i-revised-editionfebruary-2014_9789264208780-en.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—OECD. (2005). PISA 2003 Technical Report. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2003-technical-report_9789264010543-en.
Plomin, R., & DeFries, J. C. (1980). Genetics and intelligence: Recent data. Intelligence, 4, 15–24.
Shakeshaft, N. G., Trzaskowski, M., McMillan, A., Krapohl, E., Simpson, M. A., Reichenberg, A., … Plomin, R. (2015). Thinking positively: The genetics of high intelligence. Intelligence, 48, 123–132.
Sisto, F. F. (2006). Teste de raciocínio inferencial. São Paulo: Vetor Editora Psicopedagógica.
Soares, J. F., & Andrade, R. J. (2006). Nível socioeconômico, qualidade e eqüidade das escolas de Belo Horizonte [Socioeconomic status, quality and equity in the schools of Belo Horizonte]. Ensaio: Avaliação de Política Pública de Educação, 14, 107–126. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ensaio/v14n50/30410.pdf.
Thompson, T. W., Waskom, M. L., Garel, K.-L. A., Cardenas-Iniguez, C., Reynolds, G. O., Winter, R. … Gabrieli, J. D. (2013). Failure of working memory training to enhance cognition or intelligence. PLoS ONE, 8, e63614. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063614.
Tucker-Drob, E. M., & Bates, T. C. (2015). Large cross-national differences in gene × socioeconomic status interaction on intelligence. Psychological Science, 27, 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615612727
Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., & D’Onofrio, B. (2003). Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children. Psychological Science, 14, 623–628.
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2005). Literacy for life. efa global monitoring report. France: UNESCO.
World Economic Forum. (2016). The future of jobs. Employment, skills and workforce strategy for the fourth. Retrieved 9 December 2017, from https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobs.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Flores-Mendoza, C., Ardila, R., Rosas, R., Lucio, M.E., Gallegos, M., Reátegui Colareta, N. (2018). Education, SES, and Intelligence. In: Intelligence Measurement and School Performance in Latin America. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89975-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89975-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-89974-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-89975-6
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)