Abstract
Topography is an important land surface characteristic that affects most aspects of the water balance in a catchment, including the generation of surface and subsurface runoff, the flow paths followed by water as it moves down and through hillslopes, and the rate of water movement. Topographic attributes derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) and automated terrain analyses are increasingly used in terrain analysis and geomorphological research. DEM is convenient for representing the continuously varying topographic surface of the Earth, and it is a common data source for terrain analysis and other spatial applications. The utility of the DEM is evidenced by widespread availability of satellite-based DEMs at different resolutions and by the ever-increasing list of uses from DEM. Common terrain attributes, which could be computed from a DEM include slope gradient, slope aspect, slope curvature, upslope length, specific catchment area, compound topographic index (CTI) etc. One of the most limiting factors of the use of the DEM is its accuracy and spatial resolution. DEM of different resolutions could be used to derive DEM-based attributes, which could be used to investigate and evaluate resources like soil, water, vegetation, etc., in given landscape. In digital terrain modeling, predictive relationships developed at one scale might not be much useful for prediction of variables at different scales. That may limit the use of terrain variables developed for large scale in small-scale studies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ASCE (1999) GIS modules and distributed models of the watershed. ASCE, Virginia, USA, 24
Bertolo F (2000) Catchment delineation and characterization: a review. Technical report EUR 19563 EN, Joint Research Centre European Commission, Ispra, Italy, 30pp
Burrough PA (1986) Principles of geographical information systems for land resource assessment. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Burrough PA, McDonnell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford University Press, New York
Carter JR (1988) Digital representations of topographic surfaces. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 54(11):1577–1580
Collins SH, Moon FGC (1981) Algorithms for dense digital terrain models. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 47(1):71–76
Dikau R, Brabb EE, Mark RK, Pike RJ (1995) Morphometric landform analysis of New Mexico, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, N.F., Suppl-Bd, 101:109–126
Doyle FJ (1978) Digital terrain models: an overview. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 44:1481–1487
Evans IS (1972) General geomorphometry, derivatives of altitude, and descriptive statistics. In: Chorley RJ (ed) Spatial analysis in geomorphology. London, Methuen, pp 17–90
Evans IS (1980) An integrated system for terrain analysis for slope mapping. Z Geomorphol 36:274–295
Giles PT (1998) Geomorphological signatures: classification of aggregated slope unit objects from digital elevation and remote sensing data. Earth Surf Process Landf 23:581–594
Jenness J (2006) Topographic Position Index (tpi_jen.avx) Extension for ArcView 3.x, v. 1.3a. Jenness Enterprises
Jenson SK, Domingue’s JO (1988) Extarcting topographic structures from digital elevation data geographic information system analysis. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 54(11):1593–1600
Kääb A, Huggel C, Paul F, Wessels R, Raup B, Kieffer H, Kargel J (2003) Glacier monitoring from ASTER imagery: accuracy and applications. EARSEL eProc 2:43–53
Kalma JD, Sivapalan M (1995) Scale issues in hydrological modeling. Wiley, New York
Kattimani JM, Prasad TJR (2016) Cartosat digital elevation model (DEM) to drainage extraction techniques of Vrushabhavati basin of Karnataka, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Int J Adv Res 4(7):2008–2013
Kidner DB, Smith DH (1992) Compression of digital elevation models by Huffman coding. Comput Geosci 18(8):1013–1034
Klimanek M (2006) Optimization of digital terrain model for its application in forestry. J For Sci 52(5):233–241
Kraus K (2000) Photogrammetrie, Band 3, Topographische Informationssysteme. Dümmler Verlag, in Druck
Langbein WB, Basil W (1947) Topographic characteristics of drainage basins. USGS Water-Suppl Pap 968-C:125–158
Liu X, Zhang Z (2011) Drainage network extraction using LiDAR-derived DEM in volcanic plains. Area 43(1):42–52
Martz LW, Garbrecht J (1998) The treatment of flat areas and closed depressions in automated drainage analysis of raster digital elevation models. Hydrol Process 12:843–855
Martz LW, Garbrecht J (1999) An outlet breaching algorithm for the treatment of closed depressions in a raster DEM. Comput Geosci 25:835–844
Miller CL, Laflamme RA (1958) The digital terrain model: theory and application. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 24:433–422
Mitchell D, Netravali A (1988) Reconstruction filters in computer graphics. ACM Comput Graph 22:221–228
Moore ID, Foster GR (1990) Hydraulics and overland flow. In: Anderson MG, Burt TP (eds) Process studies in hillslope hydrology. Wiley, New York, pp 215–252
Moore ID, Wilson JP (1992) Length-slope factors for the revised universal soil loss equation: simplified method of estimation. J Soil Water Conserv 47:423–428
Moore ID, O’loughlin EM, Burch GJ (1988) A contourbased topographic model for hydrological and ecological applications. Earth Surf Process Landf 13(4):305–320
Moore ID, Grayson RB, Ladson AR (1991) Digital terrain modeling: a review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications. Hydrol Process 5:3–30
Moore ID, Lewis A, Gallant JC (1993a) Terrain attributes: estimation method and scale effects. In: Jakeman AK, Beck MB, McAleer MJ (eds) Modeling change in environmental systems. Wiley, New York, pp 30–38
Moore ID, Gessler PE, Nielsen GA, Peterson GA (1993b) Soil attribute prediction using terrain analysis. Soil Sci Soc Am J 57:443–452
Nellis MD, Lulla KM, Jensen J (1990) Interfacing geographic information system and remote sensing for rural land-use analysis. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 56(3):329–331
O’Loughlin EM (1986) Prediction of surface saturation zones in natural catchments by topo- graphic analysis. Water Resour Res 22(5):794–804
Onstad CA, Brakensiek BL (1968) Watershed simulation by stream path analogy. Water Resour Res 4(5):965–971
Paik K (2008) Global search algorithm for nondispersive flow path. J Geogr Res 113(F04001):9
Pareta K, Pareta U (2011) Quantitative morphometric analysis of a watershed of Yamuna basin, India using ASTER (DEM) data and GIS. Int J Geomatics Geosci 2:248–269
Park S, Choi C, Kim B, Kim J (2013) Landslide susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio, analytic hierarchy process, logistic regression, and artificial neural network methods at the Inje area, Korea. Environ Earth Sci 68:1443–1464
Paron P, Claessens L (2011) Makers and users of geomorphological maps. In: Smith MJ, Paron P, Griffiths J (eds) Geomorphological mapping: methods and applications. Elsevier, London
Pfeifer N, Pottmann H (1996) Surface models on the basis of a triangular mesh – surface reconstruction. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens XXXI, IWG III/IV, 638–643, Vienna, Austria
Podobnikar T (2005) Production of integrated digital terrain model from multiple datasets of different quality. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 19(1):69–89
Podobnikar T (2008) Simulation and representation of the positional errors of boundary and interior regions in maps. Moore A, Drecki I (eds) Geospatial vision: new dimensions in cartography, pp 141–169, Lecture notes in geoinformation and cartography
Pradhan AMS, Kim YT (2014) Relative effect method of landslide susceptibility zonation in weathered granite soil: a case study in Deokjeok-ri Creek, South Korea. Notational Hazards 72(2):1189–1217
Reddy GPO (2012a) Digital elevation models- sources and resolutions. In: Reddy GPO, Sarkar D (eds) Remote sensing and GIS in digital terrain analysis and soil-landscape modeling, NBSS&LUP Publ. No. 152, pp 121–125
Reddy GPO (2012b) Principles and applications of digital terrain analysis. In: Reddy GPO, Sarkar D (eds) Remote sensing and GIS in digital terrain analysis and soil-landscape modeling, NBSS&LUP Publ. No. 152, pp 129–135
Reddy GPO (2012c) Advances of GIS and remote sensing in hydro-geomorphology. In: Reddy GPO, Sarkar D (eds) Remote sensing and GIS in digital terrain analysis and soil-landscape modeling, NBSS&LUP Publ. No. 152, pp 184–193
Reddy GPO (2012d) Extraction of terrain variables from DEM. In: Reddy GPO, Sarkar D (eds) Remote sensing and GIS in digital terrain analysis and soil-landscape modeling, NBSS&LUP Publ. No. 152, pp 140–146
Reddy GPO, Maji AK, Gajbhiye KS (2002) GIS for Morhophometric analysis of river basins. GIS India 11(9):9–14
Reddy GPO, Maji AK, Gajbhiye KS (2004a) Drainage morphometry and its influence on landform characteristics in basaltic terrain – a remote sensing and GIS approach. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 6:1–16
Reddy GPO, Maji AK, Chary GR, Srinivas CV, Tiwary P, Gajbhiye KS (2004b) GIS and remote sensing applications in prioritization of river sub basins using morphometric and USLE parameters— a case study. Asian J Geoinf 4(4):35–49
Reddy GPO, Maji AK, Das SN, Srivastava R (2012) Development of GIS based seamless mosaic of SRTM elevation data of India to analyze and characterize the selected geomorphic parameters. Project report. NBSS&LUP, Nagpur 54p
Reddy GPO, Nagaraju MSS, Ramteke IK, Sarkar D (2013) Terrain characterization for soil resource mapping in part of semi-tract of Central India using high resolution satellite data and GIS. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 41:331–343
Reddy GPO, Kumar N, Sahu N, Singh SK (2017) Comparative evaluation of automatic drainage extraction using ASTER and Cartosat-1 DEM in basaltic terrain of Central India. Egyptian J Remote Sens Space Sci 21:95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.04.001
Sahu N, Reddy GPO, Kumar N, Nagaraju MSS, Srivastava R, Singh SK (2016) Morphometric analysis in basaltic terrain of Central India using GIS techniques: a case study. Appl Water Sci 7(5):2493–2499
Sameena M, Krishnamurthy J, Jayaraman V, Ranganna G (2009) Evaluation of drainage networks developed in hard rock terrain. Geocarto Int 24(5):397–420
Schenk AF (1989) Determination of DEM using iteratively rectified images. Photogrammetry Technical Report No 3. Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying, The Ohio State University. Columbus, Ohio
Singh P, Gupta A, Singh M (2014) Hydrological inferences from watershed analysis for water resource management using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Egyptian J Remote Sens Space Sci 17:111–121
Smith MJ, Pain CF (2009) Applications of remote sensing in geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 33(4):568–582
Smith MJ, Griffiths J, Paron P (eds) (2011) Geomorphological mapping: methods and applications. Developments in earth surface processes. Elsevier, London
Strahler AN (1952) Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geol Soc Am Bull 63:1117–1142
Strahler AN (1957) Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Trans Am Geophys Union 33:913–920
Tarboton DG, Bras RF, Rodriguez-Iturbe I (1991) On the extraction of channel networks from digital elevation data. Hydrol Process 5:81–100
Tucker GE, Catani F, Rinaldo A, Bras RL (2001) Statistical analysis of drainage density from digital terrain data. Geomorphology 36:187–202
USGS (1993) Digital elevation models, Data user guide 5. US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia
Valeriano MM, Kuplich TM, Storino M, Amaral BD, Mendes JN Jr, Lima DJ (2006) Modeling small watersheds in Brazilian Amazonia with shuttle radar topographic mission-90m data. Comput Geosci 32:1169–1181
Vijith H, Satheesh R (2006) GIS based morphometric analysis of two major upland sub-watersheds of Meenachil river in Kerala. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 34(2):181–185
Weibel R, Heller M (1991) Digital terrain modelling. In: Maguire DJ, Goodchild MF, Rhind DW (eds) Geographical information systems: principles and applications. Longman, London, pp 269–297
Wilson JP, Gallant JC (2000) Terrain analysis: principles and applications. J.W. Wiley, p 469
Wilson JP, Spangrud DJ, Nielsen GA, Jacobsen JS, Tyler DA (1998) Global positioning system sampling intensity and pattern effects on computed topographic attributes. Soil Sci Soc Am J 62:1410–1417
Zevenbergen LW, Thorne CR (1987) Quantitative analysis of land surface topography. Earth Surf Process Landf 12:47–56
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reddy, G.P.O. (2018). Remote Sensing and GIS in Digital Terrain Modeling. In: Reddy, G., Singh, S. (eds) Geospatial Technologies in Land Resources Mapping, Monitoring and Management. Geotechnologies and the Environment, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78711-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78711-4_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-78710-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-78711-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)