Abstract
In this chapter, the theory of optical image formation in an optical microscope is described and the difference between conventional and confocal microscopy is explained. The selection of the appropriate pinhole diameter is discussed in detail, as the pinhole diameter is crucial in obtaining the highest depth resolution as well as optimizing collection efficiency, because the Raman signal is typically very weak.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Lucius Annaeus Seneca the younger (\(*\) around 4 BC, \(\dagger \) 65 AD).
- 2.
Zacharias Janssen (\(*\) around 1588, \(\dagger \) around 1631).
- 3.
Hans Lippershey (\(*\) around 1570, \(\dagger \) September 1619).
- 4.
Galileo Galilei (\(*\) 15.02.1564, \(\dagger \) 08.01.1642).
- 5.
Christiaan Hygens (\(*\) 14.04.1629, \(\dagger \) 08.07.1695).
- 6.
Ernst Karl Abbe, (\(*\) 23.1.1840, \(\dagger \) 14.1.1905).
- 7.
Carl Zeiss (\(*\) 11.9.1816, \(\dagger \) 3.12.1888).
- 8.
Otto Schott (\(*\) 17.12.1851, \(\dagger \) 27.8.1935).
- 9.
“confocal” from “konfokal”: (lat.) with equal focal points.
- 10.
The Poynting-vector was defined by John Henry Poynting.
- 11.
The Rayleigh criterion says that two points can be optically resolved if one point sits in the first minimum of the PSF of the second point.
References
J.B. Pawley, Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 2nd edn. (Plenum Press, New York, 1995)
E. Wolf, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 253, 358 (1959)
E. Wolf, Proc. Phys. Soc. 74, 269 (1959)
B. Richards, E. Wolf, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 253, 358 (1959)
R. Juškaitis, T. Wilson, J. Microsc. 189, 8 (1998)
T. Wilson, Confocal Microscopy (Academic Press, 1990), Chap. IV.2. The imaging of simple objects, pp. 25–30
T. Wilson, Confocal Microscopy (Academic Press, 1990), Chap. IV.2. The imaging of simple objects, pp. 41–45
T. Wilson, A.R. Carlini, Opt. Lett. 12, 227 (1987)
C.J.R. Sheppard, M. Gu, Optik 86(3), 104 (1990)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hollricher, O., Ibach, W. (2018). High Resolution Optical and Confocal Microscopy. In: Toporski, J., Dieing, T., Hollricher, O. (eds) Confocal Raman Microscopy. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 66. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75380-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75380-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75378-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75380-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)