Abstract
The ultimate goal of this chapter is to determine the temperature equilibrium distribution inside a spacecraft (S/C) as a result of the thermal equilibrium with its space environment. Knowing these inside temperatures is essential when designing a S/C, as most components only work reliably within certain temperature ranges: batteries lose capacity and propellants may freeze.
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Change history
31 October 2019
In the original version of the book, the following belated corrections are to be incorporated.
Abbreviations
- a :
-
Absorber (absorbed)
- alb :
-
Albedo
- B :
-
Body under consideration
- E :
-
Earth
- eff :
-
Effective (temperature)
- ext :
-
External (to satellite)
- int :
-
Internal (to satellite)
- IR :
-
Infrared
- r :
-
Receiver (received)
- S :
-
Solar
- sat :
-
Satellite
- sol :
-
Solar
- t :
-
Transmitter (transmitted)
- λ :
-
Spectral
- Ω:
-
Directional
- •:
-
Black body
- ⊥:
-
(Surface) projection onto a given direction
- a :
-
Albedo
- A :
-
Size of surface area
- E :
-
Irradiance
- \( F_{i \to j} \) :
-
View factor (a.k.a. configuration factor) from surface i to surface j
- \( G_{ij} \) :
-
Heat conduction or heat convection coefficient (a.k.a. conductor) between node i and j
- h :
-
Planck constant
- \( I_{\Omega } \) :
-
Radiant intensity (directional)
- \( k_{B} \) :
-
Boltzmann constant
- \( L_{\Omega } \) :
-
Radiance (directional)
- \( L_{{\lambda\Omega }} \) :
-
Spectral radiance (directional)
- \( M \) :
-
Radiant exitance
- \( M_{\lambda } \) :
-
Spectral exitance
- Q :
-
Radiant energy
- R :
-
Radiative conduction coefficient
- s :
-
Distance between emitting and absorbing surface points
- S/C:
-
Spacecraft
- α :
-
Absorptivity (a.k.a. absorption coefficient)
- ε :
-
Emissivity (a.k.a. emission coefficient, emittance)
- \( \theta \) :
-
Polar angle (see Fig. 16.1)
- λ :
-
Wavelength
- \( \Phi \) :
-
Radiant flux (a.k.a. radiative heat flux)
- \( \sigma \) :
-
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
- Ω:
-
Solid angle
- BOL:
-
Beginning of life
- CFRP:
-
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics
- ECSS:
-
European cooperation for space standardization
- EOL:
-
End of life
- FDM:
-
Finite differences model
- FEM:
-
Finite element model
- GMM:
-
Geometrical mathematical model
- IR:
-
Infrared
- ISS:
-
International space station
- MLI:
-
Multi-layer insulation
- OSR:
-
Optical surface reflector
- PCB:
-
Printed circuit board
- RHU:
-
Radioisotope heater units
- RTG:
-
Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
- S/C:
-
Spacecraft
- SSM:
-
Second surface mirror
- TCS:
-
Thermal control system
- TMM:
-
Thermal mathematical model
- TRP:
-
Temperature reference point
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Walter, U. (2018). Thermal Radiation Physics and Modeling. In: Astronautics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74373-8_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74373-8_16
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