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Image Capture Systems and Algorithms

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Abstract

This chapter considers the design of cameras and all the processes that are required to capture perform the initial processing an image. We will concentrate in this chapter on algorithms that provide traditional photos, such as sharpening and compression. Imaging chain algorithms must be designed for efficiency. We measure efficiency along several axes:

  • Execution time. Cameras—both still and video—are real-time systems. We care about the rate at which we can capture, process, and store images. Algorithms must be designed to run fast. We are also concerned about variations in their execution time, which can require additional buffer memory that imposes other costs and limitations.

  • Energy and power consumption. Energy and power are related but distinct concerns. Energy is important because most cameras are battery-powered; lower energy per consumption per image results in more images per battery charge. Energy-efficient algorithms and systems must avoid unnecessary or duplicative work. Power consumption—energy per unit time—is important in large part because of thermal requirements. Power consumption results in heat. Thermal power dissipation is the primary limitation on performance in high-performance computer systems [Wol17]. Heat generated in a camera can also affect sensor performance—most device and circuit noise increases with temperature, typically exponentially.

  • Memory bandwidth and capacity. Multimedia algorithms are memory-intensive. Memory and mass storage devices can absorb and produce data at limited rates. High memory access rates can limit system performance; it can also drive up energy and power consumption. We are also concerned with the total memory usage of an algorithm. Certain parts of the imaging pipeline, particularly those near the image sensor, provide only constrained amounts of memory. Sloppy use of buffer memory can, for example, limit the number of images in a burst.

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    Marilyn Wolf

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Wolf, M. (2018). Image Capture Systems and Algorithms. In: Smart Camera Design. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69523-5_3

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