Abstract
This chapter explores the concept of m/m sex as queer sex. Many women spoke of how m/m pornography or erotica offers an opportunity for expression of non-normative sexuality, and that their engagement with it allows them to push boundaries and explore other kinds of kink. Cante and Restivo (The cultural-aesthetic specificities of all-male moving-image pornography. In L. Williams (Ed.), Porn studies, Duke University Press, London, pp. 142–166, 2004) argue that m/m porn is always ‘non-normative, whether one conceives the non-normative as a violation of patriarchal law, or, more experientially, as the excess attached to feeling different and acting like an outsider’, adding that ‘all-male pornography at some point also becomes the field for the (utopian) reinvention of the world eternally promised by identity politics’. This chapter investigates how gay male porn can be seen as subverting the patriarchal order by challenging masculinist values, providing a protected space for non-conformist, non-reproductive and non-familial sexuality, and encouraging many sex-positive values.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Particularly when we consider the concept of mpreg, as discussed in Chap. 5.
- 2.
For a further discussion and explanation of these tropes, see Chap. 8.
- 3.
A Mary Sue (if female) or Gary Stu (if male) is an idealized and annoyingly perfect fictional character. Often, this character is recognized as an author insert or wish fulfilment.
- 4.
A derivative of OTP [one true pairing], OT3 means one true threesome, and involves three characters instead of two. OTPs may constitute three same sex characters, but often they involve m/m/f or m/f/f partnerships, for example Harry/Ron/Hermione in Harry Potter or Jack/Will/Elizabeth in Pirates of the Caribbean.
References
Albury, K. (2002). Yes means yes: Getting explicit about heterosex. St Leonards: Allen and Unwin.
Anderson, E. (2008). ‘Being masculine is not about who you sleep with…:’ Heterosexual athletes contesting masculinity and the one-time rule of homosexuality. Sex Roles, 58(1–2), 104–115.
Anderson, E., & McCormack, M. (2016). The changing dynamics of bisexual men’s lives: Social research perspectives. London: Springer.
Angelides, S. (2001). A history of bisexuality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Bakhtin, M. (1984). Rabelais and his world (H. Iswolsky, Trans.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Barthes, R. (1975). The pleasure of the text (R. Miller, Trans.). New York: Noonday.
Baumeister, R. (2000). Gender differences in erotic plasticity: The female sex drive as socially flexible and responsive. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 347–374.
Baumeister, R. (2004). Gender and erotic plasticity: Sociocultural influences on sex drive. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 19, 133–139.
Beasley, C. (2011). Libidinous politics: Heterosex, ‘transgression’, and social change. Australian Feminist Studies, 26(67), 25–40.
Beasley, C., Holmes, M., & Brook, H. (2015). Heterodoxy: Challenging orthodoxies about heterosexuality. Sexualities, 18(5–6), 681–697.
Berlant, L., & Warner, M. (1998). Sex in public. Critical Inquiry, 24(2), 547–466.
Bersani, L. (1995). Homos. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Booth, P. (2014). Slash and porn: Media subversion, hyper-articulation, and parody. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 28(3), 396–409.
Bucholski, M. (2014). Intersectionally Bi: The how and why of Bi-negativity. Unpublished research paper. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285894995_Intersectionally_Bi_The_how_and_why_of_Bi-negativity
Burley, S. (2003). What’s a nice girl like you doing in a book like this? Homoerotic reading and popular romance. In S. Strehle & M. P. Carden (Eds.), Doubled plots: Romance and history (pp. 127–146). Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi.
Busse, K. (2005). ‘Digital get down’: Postmodern boy band slash and the queer female space. In C. Malcolm & J. Nyman (Eds.), Eroticism in American culture (pp. 103–125). Gdansk: Gdansk University Press.
Busse, K. (2006). My life is a WIP on my LJ: Slashing the slasher and the reality of celebrity internet performances. In K. Hellekson & K. Busse (Eds.), Fan fiction and fan communities in the age of the internet (pp. 207–224). London: McFarland.
Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. London: Routledge.
Cante, R., & Restivo, A. (2004). The cultural-aesthetic specificities of all-male moving-image pornography. In L. Williams (Ed.), Porn studies (pp. 142–166). London: Duke University Press.
Catania, J. A., Gibson, D. R., Chitwood, D. D., & Coates, T. J. (1990). Methodological problems in AIDs behavioural research: Influences on measurement error and participant bias in studies of sexual behaviour. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 339–362.
Chatterjee, S., & Lee, C. L. (2017). ‘Our love was not enough’: Queering gender, cultural belonging, and desire in contemporary Abhinaya. In C. Croft (Ed.), Queer dance: Meanings and makings (pp. 45–66). Oxford: OUP.
Coker, C. (2015). Everybody’s bi in the future: Constructing sexuality in the Star Trek Reboot fandom. The Journal of Fandom Studies, 3(2), 195–210.
Cumberland, S. (1999). Private uses of cyberspace: Women, desire and fan culture. Paper presented at the Media in Transition Conference, October 8, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/papers/cumberland.html
Diamond, L. M. (2005). ‘I’m straight but I kissed a girl’: The trouble with American media representation of female-female sexuality. Feminism & Psychology, 15(1), 104–110.
Diamond, L. M. (2008). Sexual fluidity: Understanding women’s love and desire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Doty, A. (1993). Making things perfectly queer: Interpreting mass culture. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Downing, M. J., Schrimshaw, E. W., Scheinmann, R., Antebi-Gruszka, N., & Hirshfield, S. (2016). Sexually explicit media use by sexual identity: A comparative analysis of gay, bisexual, and heterosexual men in the United States. Archives of Sexual Behaviour. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-016-0837-9
Eliason, M. J. (1997). The prevalence and nature of biphobia in heterosexual undergraduate students. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 26(3), 317–326.
Fielding, D. M. (2013). Normalising the deviance: The creation, politics, and consumption of sexual orientation and gender identities in fan communities. BA Thesis submitted to Hamline University. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/7/
Foster, G. M. (2015). What to do if your inner tomboy is a homo: Straight women, bisexuality, and pleasure in m/m gay romance fictions. Journal of Bisexuality, 15, 509–531.
Gartrell, N., & Mosbacher, D. (1984). Sex differences in the naming of children’s genitalia. Sex Roles, 10, 867–876.
Haavio-Mannila, E., & Kontula, O. (1997). Correlates of increased sexual satisfaction. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 26, 399–419.
Halberstam, J. (1992). Skinflick: Posthuman gender in Jonathan Demme’s ‘The Silence of the Lambs. Camera Obscura, 27, 35–52.
Hall, D. E. (2003). Queer theories. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Halley, J. (1993). The construction of heterosexuality. In M. Warner (Ed.), Fear of a queer planet: Queer politics and social theory (pp. 82–102). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Halperin, D. M. (2003). The normalisation of queer theory. Journal of Homosexuality, 45(2/3/4), 339–343.
Haraway, D. (1991). Simians, cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature. New York: Routledge.
Härmä, S., & Stolpe, J. (2010). Behind the scenes of straight pleasure. In F. Attwood (Ed.), Porn.com (pp. 107–122). New York: Peter Lang.
Hayes, S., & Ball, M. (2009). Queering cyberspace: Fan fiction communities as spaces for expressing and exploring sexuality. In B. Scherer (Ed.), Queering paradigms (pp. 219–239). Oxford: Peter Lang.
Hayward, S. (2000). Cinema studies: The key concepts. London: Routledge.
Hunting, K. (2012). Queer as Folk and the trouble with slash. Transformative Works and Cultures, 11. Retrieved from http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/415/315
Jagose, A. (1996). Queer theory: An introduction. New York: New York University Press.
Jenkins, H. (1992). Textual poachers: Television fans and participatory culture. New York: Routledge.
Katyal, S. K. (2006). Performance, property, and the slashing of gender in fan fiction. Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law, 14(3), 461–518.
Klesse, C. (2011). Shady characters, untrustworthy partners, and promiscuous sluts: Creating bisexual intimacies in the face of heteronormativity and biphobia. Journal of Bisexuality, 11(2–3), 227–244.
Laan, E., Everaerd, W., & Evers, A. (1995). Assessment of female sexual arousal: Response specificity and construct validity. Psychophysiology, 32, 476–485.
Laan, E., Everaerd, W., van Aanhold, M., & Rebel, M. (1993). Performance demand and sexual arousal in women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 25–35.
Laan, E., Everaerd, W., van Bellen, G., & Hanewald, G. (1994). Women’s sexual and emotional responses to male- and female-produced erotica. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 23(2), 153–169.
Laan, E., & Janssen, E. (2007). How do men and women feel? Determinants of subjective experience of sexual arousal. In E. Janssen (Ed.), The psychophysiology of sex (pp. 278–290). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Lackner, E., Lucas, B. L., & Reid, R. A. (2006). Cunning linguists: The bisexual erotics of words/silence/flesh. In K. Hellekson & K. Busse (Eds.), Fan fiction and fan communities in the age of the internet (pp. 189–206). London: McFarland.
Lamb, P. F., & Veith, D. (1986). Romantic myth, transcendence and Star Trek zines. In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Erotic universe: Sexuality and fantastic literature (pp. 236–255). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Lothian, A., Busse, K., & Reid, R. A. (2007). ‘Yearning void and infinite potential’: Online slash fandom as queer female space. English Language Notes, 45(2), 103–111.
Malamuth, N. (1996). Sexually explicit media, gender differences and evolutionary theory. Journal of Communication, 46, 8–31.
McCormack, M., & Wignall, L. (2017). Enjoyment, exploration and education: Understanding the consumption of pornography among young men with non-exclusive sexual orientations. Sociology, 51(5), 975–991.
McIntosh, I. (1997). Classical sociological theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
McLean, K. (2008). Inside, outside, nowhere: Bisexual men and women in the gay and lesbian community. Journal of Bisexuality, 8(1–2), 63–80.
McLelland, M. (2000). The love between ‘beautiful boys’ in Japanese women’s comics. Journal of Gender Studies, 9(1), 13–25.
McNair, B. (2013). Porno? Chic! London: Routledge.
Meyer, U. (2010). Hidden in straight sight: Trans*gressing gender and sexuality via BL. In A. Levi, M. McHarry, & D. Pagliasotti (Eds.), Boys’ love manga (pp. 232–257). Jefferson: McFarland and Company.
Mock, R. (2003). Heteroqueer ladies: Some performative transactions between gay men and heterosexual women. Feminist Review, 75(1), 20–37.
Moorman, J. (2010). Gay for pay, gay for(e)play: The politics of taxonomy and authenticity in LGBTQ online porn. In F. Attwood (Ed.), Porn.com (pp. 155–167). New York: Peter Lang.
Morokoff, P. J. (1985). Effects of sex guilt, repression, sexual ‘arousability’, and sexual experience on female sexual arousal during erotica and fantasy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(1), 177–187.
Morokoff, P. J. (2000). A cultural context for sexual assertiveness in women. In C. B. Travis & J. W. White (Eds.), Sexuality, society, and feminism (pp. 299–319). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Neville, L. (2018). ‘The tent’s big enough for everyone’: Online slash fiction as a site for activism and change. Gender, Place and Culture. Online first http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2017.1420633
O’Brien, W. (2004). Qu(e)erying pornography: Contesting identity politics in feminism. In S. Gillis, G. Howie, & R. Munford (Eds.), Third wave feminism: A critical exploration (pp. 123–134). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Powers, A. (1993). Queer in the streets, straight in the sheets: Notes on passing. The Village Voice, 29/06/93, 24–31.
Queen, C. (1997). Beyond the valley of the fag hags. In C. Queen & L. Schimel (Eds.), PoMoSexuals: Challenging assumptions about gender and sexuality (pp. 76–84). San Francisco: Cleis Press.
Reich, J. L. (1992). Genderfuck: The law of the dildo. Discourse, 15(1), 112–127.
Reinhard, C. D. (2009). If one is sexy, two is even sexier: Dialogue with slashers on identity and the internet. Roskilde: Roskilde University Publications. Retrieved from http://dspace.ruc.dk/bitstream/1800/4062/1/Reinhard_2009_slash_identity.pdf
Rich, A. (1980). Compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence. Signs, 5(4), 631–660. (also 1993 same article, 227–254).
Robards, B. (2017). ‘Totally straight’: Contested sexual identities on social media site reddit. Sexualities. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1363460716678563
Rooke, A., & Moreno Figueroa, M. G. (2010). Beyond ‘key parties’ and ‘wife swapping’: The visual culture of online swinging. In F. Attwood (Ed.), Porn.com (pp. 217–235). New York: Peter Lang.
Rupp, L. J., & Taylor, V. (2010). Straight girls kissing. Contexts, 9(3), 28–32.
Sanders-McDonagh, E. (2016). Women and sex tourism landscapes (Vol. 63). London: Taylor & Francis.
Saunders, D. M., Fisher, W. A., Hewitt, E. C., & Clayton, J. P. (1985). A method for empirically assessing volunteer selection effects: Recruitment procedures and responses to erotica. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1703–1712.
Schauer, T. (2005). Women’s porno: The heterosexual female gaze in porn sites ‘for women’. Sexuality & Culture, 9(2), 42–64.
Schlichter, A. (2004). Queer at last? Straight intellectuals and the desire for transgression. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 10(4), 543–564.
Sedgwick, E. K. (1993). Tendencies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Shave, R. (2004). Slash fandom on the internet, or, is the carnival over? Refractory, 6. Retrieved from http://refractory.unimelb.edu.au/2004/06/17/slash-fandom-on-the-internet-or-is-the-carnival-over-rachel-shave/
Simpson, M. (2006). Curiouser and curiouser: The strange ‘disappearance’ of male bisexuality. Blog post at marksimopson.com. Retrieved from http://www.marksimpson.com/blog/2006/04/26/curiouser-and-curiouser-the-strange-disappearance-of-male-bisexuality/
Smith, C. (1997). How I became a queer heterosexual. Paper presented at ‘Beyond Boundaries’: An International Conference on Sexuality, July 29–August 1, University of Amsterdam. Retrieved from http://culturalresearch.org/qhet/
Smith, C. (2007). One for the girls!: The pleasures and practices of reading women’s porn. Bristol, UK: Intellect Books.
Somogyi, V. (2002). Complexity of desire: Janeway/Chakotay Fan Fiction. Journal of American and Contemporary Cultures, 25, 399–404.
Stanley, M. (2010). 101 uses for boys: Communing with the reader in yaoi and slash. In A. Levi, M. McHarry, & D. Pagliassotti (Eds.), Boys’ love manga: Essays on the sexual ambiguity and cross-cultural fandom of the genre (pp. 99–109). Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.
Steiner-Adair, C. (1990). The body politics: Normal female adolescent development and the development of eating disorders. In C. Gilligan, N. P. Lyons, & T. I. Hammer (Eds.), Making connections: The relational worlds of adolescent girls at Emma Willard School (pp. 162–182). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Stoltenberg, J. (1989). Refusing to be a man: Essays on sex and justice. Portland, OH: Breitenbush Books.
Taormino, T. (2003, May 6). The queer heterosexual. The Village Voice. Retrieved from http://www.villagevoice.com/news/the-queer-heterosexual-6410490
Thomas, C. (2000). Straight with a twist: Queer theory and the subject of homosexuality. Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
Thomas, C. (2006). Crossing the streets, queering the sheets; or, ‘Do you want to save the changes to queer heterosexuality?’. In R. Fantina (Ed.), Straight writ queer: Non-normative expressions of heterosexual desire in literature (pp. 1–8). Jefferson: McFarland Press.
Thorn, M. (2004). Girls and women getting out of hand: The pleasures and politics of Japan’s auteur comics community. In W. W. Kelly (Ed.), Fanning the flames: Fans and consumer culture in contemporary Japan (pp. 169–186). New York: State University of New York Press.
Vassi, M. (1997). Beyond bisexuality. In PoMoSexuals: Challenging assumptions about gender and sexuality (pp. 70–75). San Francisco: Cleis Press.
Walters, S. D. (1996). From here to queer: Radical feminism, postmodernism and the lesbian menace (or, why can’t a woman be more like a fag?). Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 21(4), 830–869.
Ward, J. (2013). Queer feminist pigs: A spectator’s manifesto. In T. Taormino, C. Penley, C. Shimizu, & M. Miller-Young (Eds.), The feminist porn book (pp. 130–139). New York: The Feminist Press.
Ward, J. (2015). Not gay: Sex between straight white men. New York: University of New York Press.
Warner, M. (1999). The trouble with normal: Sex, politics, and the ethics of queer life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Welzer-Lang, D. (2008). Speaking out loud about bisexuality: Biphobia in the gay and lesbian community. Journal of Bisexuality, 8(1–2), 81–95.
Whittle, S. (2005). Gender fucking or fucking gender? In I. Morland (Ed.), Queer theory (pp. 115–129). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Youn, G. (2006). Subjective sexual arousal in response to erotica: Effects of gender, guided fantasy, erotic stimulus, and duration of exposure. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 35(1), 87–97.
Zurbriggen, E. J., & Yost, M. R. (2004). Power, desire, and pleasure in sexual fantasies. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 288–300.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Neville, L. (2018). ‘It’s a Mixed Up, Muddled Up, Shook Up World’. In: Girls Who Like Boys Who Like Boys. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69134-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69134-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69133-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69134-3
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)