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4D Flow MRI

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Quantification of Biophysical Parameters in Medical Imaging

Abstract

4D flow is a unique technique to measure the in vivo blood velocity vector spatially and temporally resolved. It allows deriving important hemodynamic parameters such as peak velocity, net flow, wall shear stress, and others, which are important parameters for a large range of diseases. This chapter will cover the basic techniques of MR velocity encoding, current acquisition strategies and practical aspects, post-processing of the acquired data, current limitations, and an overview of current and future research directions.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Kelvin Chow (Siemens Inc.) for providing the figure of the Scout Navigator, Carmen Blanken for the analysis and segmentation of the patient with the unicuspid aortic valve for the figure explaining the post-processing workflow, and Simon Schmidt, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany for providing the figure explaining the flow compensation. We also acknowledge the following funding sources: AHA Scientist Development Grant 16SDG30420005; NIH NHLBI R01HL115828.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany

    Sebastian Schmitter

  2. Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Susanne Schnell

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Correspondence to Sebastian Schmitter .

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  1. Department of Radiology, Humboldt University of Berlin Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany

    Ingolf Sack

  2. Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt , Berlin, Germany

    Tobias Schaeffter

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Schmitter, S., Schnell, S. (2018). 4D Flow MRI. In: Sack, I., Schaeffter, T. (eds) Quantification of Biophysical Parameters in Medical Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65924-4_9

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