Introduction

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate represent one of the great challenges of craniofacial surgery, with initial descriptions of the condition and surgical repair dating back to ancient times. Despite many diagnostic and technical aspects remaining unclarified, much progress has been achieved in understanding and treating this deformity. From more complex genetic studies clarifying its etiology to less mutilating surgical techniques, these advances have helped improve prevention and appropriate care. There is still an impressive number of patients with cleft lip or palate: it is estimated that 3.5 million children worldwide have this deformity. The burden of disease and barrier to comprehensive care is disproportionate in low- and middle-income countries. Strengthening surgical and dental treatment infrastructure is necessary to care for these patients throughout their initial development (Mars et al. 2008; Kling et al. 2014).