Abstract
By analyzing Siberian administrations’ balance sheets and their correspondence with St. Petersburg, Chapter Nine explores the financing of the mass deportation. Siberian officials believed they were being made to pay for what they saw as the capital’s prisoners. The Imperial Treasury actually reimbursed their costs, but this did little to ease their resentment. This chapter next addresses the role that imperial amnesties played in allowing many Poles to leave Siberia. Alexander II had various motives for issuing amnesties, including financial and social costs, international pressure, and domestic politics. The return of Polish exiles was as chaotic as their removal. For various reasons, some remained in Siberia. Finally, this chapter computes Polish exiles’ mortality rates based on the available evidence.
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Gentes, A.A. (2017). Amnesties, Repatriations, and Other Fates. In: The Mass Deportation of Poles to Siberia, 1863-1880. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60958-4_9
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