Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Europe and the Reshaping of the Nation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Europe in the Classroom

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Educational Media ((PSEM))

  • 198 Accesses

Abstract

Szakács examines everyday schooling practices and educational media in post-socialist Romania by inquiring, first, how ‘Europe’ is discursively shaping the constructed notion of ‘nation’ and, second, how the ‘nation’ is reshaped via Romanian schooling. Analysing visual and interactional data from a variety of school contexts, interviews with teachers and educational experts, and history and civics textbooks and syllabi published before and after the 1998 reform, Szakács traces ‘Europe’ as a teaching topic, as symbolic imagery and as a category of ‘talk’. She argues that while Romanian education has kept some of its traditional characteristics in terms of national identity construction, it has equally witnessed significant changes: Europe, in particular, serves as a mirror to valorise the nation, while the nation itself has become increasingly cosmopolitan.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achim, V. 2004. The Roma in Romanian History. Budapest: CEU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, B. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antohi, S. 1999. Civitas imaginalis: istorie şi utopie în cultura română. Iaşi: Polirom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boia, L. 2001. History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness. Budapest: CEU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bozec, G. 2010. L’Europe au tableau noir. Politique européenne 30: 153–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bromley, P. 2009. Cosmopolitanism in Civic Education: Exploring Cross-National Trends, 1970–2008. Current Issues in Comparative Education 12 (1): 33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. Multiculturalism and Human Rights in Civic Education: The Case of British Columbia, Canada. Educational Research 53 (2): 151–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brubaker, R. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brubaker, R., M. Feischmidt, J. Fox, and L. Grancea. 2006. Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. 2003. The Roots of Illiberal Nationalism in Romania: A Historical Institutionalist Analysis of the Leninist Legacy. East European Politics and Societies 17 (2): 166–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Ruiter, R. 2010. Variations on a Theme. Governing the Knowledge-Based Society in the EU Through Methods of Open Coordination in Education and R&D. Journal of European Integration 32 (2): 157–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delanty, G. 2000. Social Integration and Europeanization: The Myth of Cultural Cohesion. Yearbook of European Studies 14: 221–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutceac Segesten, A. 2011. Myth, Identity, and Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of Romanian and Serbian Textbooks. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornäs, J. 2012. Signifying Europe. Bristol: Intellect.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grek, S., and M. Lawn. 2009. A Short History of Europeanizing Education: The New Political Work of Calculating the Future. European Education 41 (1): 32–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. 1992. Citizenship and National Identity: Some Reflections of the Future of Europe. Praxis International 12 (1): 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewstone, M. 1990. The “Ultimate Attribution Error”? A Review of the Literature on Intergroup Causal Attribution. European Journal of Social Psychology 20 (4): 311–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitchins, K. 1992. Historiography of the Countries of Eastern Europe: Romania. American Historical Review 97 (4): 1064–1083.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobsbawm, E. 1983. Introduction: Inventing Traditions. In The Invention of Tradition, ed. E. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger, 1–14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchins, R.D. 2011. Heroes and the Renegotiation of National Identity in American History Textbooks: Representations of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, 1982–2003. Nations and Nationalism 17 (3): 649–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, G. 1984. On Stepwise Transition from Talk About Trouble to Inappropriately Next-Positioned Matters. In Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, ed. J.M. Atkinson and J.C. Heritage, 191–222. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krücken, G., and G.S. Drori. 2009. World Society: The Writings of John W. Meyer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, G.H. 1995. Turn Design in Classroom Interaction. Discourse Processes 19: 111–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macbeth, D. 2006. The Relevance of Repair for Classroom Correction. Language in Society 33 (5): 703–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murgescu, M.L. 2004. Istoria din ghiozdan. Memorie și manuale școlare în România anilor 1990. Bucharest: Dominor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, I. 2008. Understanding How Teacher and Student Talk with Each Other: An Exploration of How “Repair” Displays the Co-Management of Talk-in-Interaction. Language Teaching Research 12 (2): 265–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinar, W.F. 2010. Hand in Hand: Multiculturalism, Nationality, Cosmopolitanism. Multicultural Education Review 2 (1): 25–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pingel, F. 1999. UNESCO Guidebook on Research and Textbook Revision. Hannover: Hahn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, K. 2006. “Being the Teacher”: Identity and Classroom Conversation. Applied Linguistics 27 (1): 51–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosamond, B. 2000. Globalization and Europeanization. Yearbook of European Studies: 261–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostaș, I., and M. Nicoară. 2004. Strategies for School Desegregation. In Separate and Unequal: Combating Discrimination Against Roma in Education: A Source Book, ed. E. Rekosh and M. Sleeper, 115–219. Budapest: Public Interest Law Initiative/Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacks, H., E.A. Schegloff, and G. Jefferson. 1974. A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation. Language 50 (4): 696–735.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Said, E. 2003. Orientalism. London: Penguin Classics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassatelli, M. 2002. Imagined Europe: The Shaping of a European Cultural Identity Through EU Cultural Policy. European Journal of Social Theory 5 (4): 435–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. Becoming Europeans: Cultural Identity and Cultural Policies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schegloff, E.A. 1992. On Talk and Its Institutional Occasions. In Talk at Work, ed. P. Drew and J. Heritage, 101–134. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffauer, W., G. Baumann, R. Kastoryano, and S. Vertovec, eds. 2004. Civil Enculturation. Nation-State, Schools and Ethnic Difference in Four European Countries. New York: Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soysal, Y.N. 2002. Locating Europe. European Societies 4 (3): 265–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soysal, Y.N., and S. Szakács. 2010a. Reconceptualizing the Republic: Diversity and Education in France, 1945–2008. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 41 (1): 97–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010b. Projections of Diversity in Citizenship Education. In Migration and Memory Representations of Migration in Europe Since 1960, ed. C. Hintermann and C. Johansson, 77–91. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soysal, Y.N., T. Bertilotti, and S. Mannitz. 2005. Projections of Identity in French and German History and Civics Textbooks. In The Nation, Europe and the World: Textbooks and Curricula in Transition, ed. H. Schissler and Y.N. Soysal, 13–34. New York: Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surdu, M. 2004. Desegregating Roma Schools in Romania: A Cost-Benefit Analysis. In Separate and Unequal: Combating Discrimination Against Roma in Education: A Source Book, ed. E. Rekosh and M. Sleeper, 173–191. Budapest: Public Interest Law Initiative/Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szakács, S. 2007. Now and Then: National Identity Construction in Romanian History. A Comparative Study of Communist and Post-Communist School Textbooks. Internationale Schulbuchforschung 29 (1): 23–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. Old Wine into New Bottles? Europeanization and Diversity in Multi-Ethnic Romanian Schools. Multicultural Education Review 3 (1): 101–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tismăneanu, V. 1998. Fantasies of Salvation. In Democracy, Nationalism and Myth in Post-Communist Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todorova, M. 1997. Imagining the Balkans. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005. Spacing Europe: What Is a Historical Region? East Central Europe/ECE 32 (1–2): 59–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toma, S. 2008. Roma/Gypsies and Education in a Multiethnic Community in Romania. Working Papers in Romanian Minority Studies. Cluj-Napoca: ISPMN (Institute for the Study of National Minorities).

    Google Scholar 

  • Verdery, K. 1991. National Ideology Under Socialism: Identity and Cultural Politics in Ceaușescu’s Romania. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zub, A. 1998. Romanian Historiography Under Communism. In Culture and the Politics of Identity in Modern Romania, ed. A. Duțu and A. Pippidi. Bucharest: Fundatia Cultura Europeana.

    Google Scholar 

Curricula

  • Consiliul Național Pentru Curriculum. 1999. Programe Școlare Pentru Clasele a V-a - a VIII-a Aria Curriculară Om și Societate. București: Ministerul Educației Naționale.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2001. Seria Liceu: Programe Școlare. Aria Curriculară Om și Societate. București: Ministerul Educației Naționale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerul Educației și Învățământului. 1975. Programa de istorie pentru clasele V-VIII gimnaziu. București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică.

    Google Scholar 

Laws

  • Legea educaţiei şi învăţământului (Law of Education and Schooling). 1978. Marea Adunare Nationala.

    Google Scholar 

Textbooks

  • Almaș, D., I. Nicoară, and A. Vianu. 1993. Istoria Universală, Modernă și Contemporană. Manual pentru clasa a VI-a. București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ardeleanu, I., and O. Clătici, eds. 1975. Cunoștințe Social Politice. Manual pentru Anul II Învățământ liceal. București: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică.

    Google Scholar 

  • Băluțoiu, V., and C. Vlad. 2009. Istorie. Manual pentru clasa a VI-a. București: All.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lăcătuș, M.-L., and M.P. Pușcaș. 2000. Cultură Civică: Manual pentru clasa a VIII-a. București: Corint.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oane, S., and M. Ochescu. 2005. Istorie. Manual pentru clasa a 7-a. București: Humanitas Educaţional.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pițilă, T., and C. Mihăilescu. 2006. Educație Civică. Manual pentru clasa a IV-a. București: Aramis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radu, D. 2006. Educație Civică. Manual pentru clasa a IV-a. București: Aramis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ștefănescu, D.-O. 2006. Educație Europeană. Manual pentru clasele a III-a și a IV-a. București: Humanitas Educaţional.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Brunswick, Germany

    Simona Szakács

Authors
  1. Simona Szakács
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Szakács, S. (2018). Europe and the Reshaping of the Nation. In: Europe in the Classroom. Palgrave Studies in Educational Media. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60258-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60258-5_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60257-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60258-5

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation