Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

District Heating and Cogeneration in the EU-28: Current Situation, Potential and Proposed Energy Strategy for Its Generalisation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
District Heating and Cooling Networks in the European Union

Abstract

Yearly, EU-28 conventional thermal generating plants reject a greater amount of energy than what ultimately is utilised by residential and commercial loads for heating and hot water.

The most common commodity is unrealised potential.

—Calvin Coolidge

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Eurostat. Extra-EU28 imports and exports of energy products. Luxembourg: Eurostat. 2013. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/File:Extra-EU28_imports_and_exports_of_energy_products,2013.png. Accessed 22 Oct 2015.

  2. Ecoheatcool and Euroheat & Power. The European heat market: final report. Brussels: Euroheat & Power; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Eurostat. Simplified energy balances—annual data. Luxembourg: Eurostat. http://www.ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-datasets/-/NRG_100A. Accessed 3 Oct 2015.

  4. The Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering. A study of the feasibility of utilizing waste heat from central electric power generating stations and potential applications. Hartford: The Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  5. IEA. World balance. Paris: IEA. http://www.iea.org/sankey/. Accessed 22 Sept 2015.

  6. Colmenar-Santos A, Rosales-Asensio E, Borge-Diez D, Collado-Fernández E. Evaluation of the cost of using power plant reject heat in low-temperature district heating and cooling networks. Appl Energy. 2016;162:892–907.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Boysen H. Hydraulic balance in a district cooling system. Nordborg: Danfoss District Energy; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Combined Heat and Power Group. Combined heat and electrical power generation in the United Kingdom: report to the secretary of state for energy. London: H.M. Stationery Off; 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Euroheat & Power. District heating in buildings. Brussels: Euroheat & Power; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  10. International Energy Agency. Cogeneration and district energy. Paris: International Energy Agency; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Analysis of the UK potential for combined heat and power. London: Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Osborne M. Making electricity transmission smarter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Energy Network; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kelly SJ, Pollit MG. An assessment of the present and future opportunities for combined heat and power with district heating (CHP-DH) in the United Kingdom. Energy Policy. 2012;38(11):6936–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Woods P, Turton A. Smart heat grids—the potential for district heating to contribute to electricity demand management to facilitate renewable and nuclear electricity generation. Abingdon: The Solar Energy Society Conference C92; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Werner S. Benefits with more district heating and cooling in Europe. Rome: 20th World Energy Conference; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Aalborg Universitet. Heat roadmap Europe 2050. Aalborg: Aalborg Universitet; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  17. DHC + Technology Platform. District heating & cooling: a vision towards 2020–2030–2050. Brussels: DHC + Technology Platform; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Thornton R. Copenhagen’s district heating system: recycling waste heat reduces carbon emissions and delivers energy security. Westborough: International District Energy Association; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Euroheat & Power. District heating and cooling–statistics. Brussels: Euroheat & Power; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  20. E-PTR. The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency European Environment Agency. http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/FacilityLevels.aspx. Accessed 3 Oct 2015.

  21. Riddle A. District energy & smart energy grids experience from Denmark. London: Rambøll Energy; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Eurostat. Gas prices for domestic consumers—bi-annual data. Luxembourg: Eurostat. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-datasets/-/NRG_PC_202. Accessed 3 Oct 2015.

  23. Colmenar-Santos A, Rosales-Asensio E, Borge-Diez D, Mur-Pérez F. Cogeneration and district heating networks: measures to remove institutional and financial barriers that restrict their joint use in the EU-28. Energy. 2015;85:403–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Martinot E. Investments to improve the energy efficiency of existing residential buildings in countries of the former Soviet Union. Washington: World Bank; 1997.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  25. Danish Board of District Heating. District heating history. Frederiksberg: Danish Board of District Heating. http://dbdh.dk/district-heating-history/. Accessed 19 Feb 2014.

  26. Gaigalis V, Markevicius A, Katinas V, Skema R, Tumosa A. Analysis of energy transition possibilities after the decommission of a nuclear power plant in Ignalina region in Lithuania. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2013;24:45–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Streimikiene D, Ciegis R, Grundey D. Promotion of energy efficiency in Lithuania. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2008;12:772–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Biomass Cogeneration Network. Current situation on CHP and biomass CHP in the national energy sector. Pikermi: Biomass Cogeneration Network; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Alternative Petroleum Technologies. Fuel oil emulsions. Reno: Alternative Petroleum Technologies; 2013. http://www.altpetrol.com/en/2d-pd-foe.html. Accessed 19 Feb 2014.

  30. CEZ Group. The Poříčí power stations. Praga: CEZ Group; 2014. http://www.cez.cz/en/power-plants-and-environment/coal-fired-power-plants/cr/porici.html. Accessed 19 Feb 2014.

  31. Wan KKW, Li DHW, Liu D, Lam JC. Future trends of building heating and cooling loads and energy consumption in different climates. Build Environ. 2011;46(1):223–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Sorrell S. The rebound effect: an assessment of the evidence for economy-wide energy savings from improved energy efficiency. London: UK Energy Research Centre; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Walker N, Scheer J, Clancy M, Gallachoir B. Energy forecasts for Ireland to 2020. Dublin: Sustainable Energy Ireland; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hinrichs-Rahlwes R. Sustainable energy policies for Europe: towards 100% renewable energy. 1st ed. Boca Ratón: CRC Press; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Eurostat. Electricity generated from renewable energy sources, EU-28, 2003–13 YB15. Luxembourg: Eurostat. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:Electricity_generated_from_renewable_energy_sources,EU-28,_2003%E2%80%9313_YB15.png&oldid=238269. Accessed 4 Oct 2015.

  36. Pantaleo A, Candelise C, Bauen A, Shah N. ESCO business models for biomass heating and CHP: profitability of ESCO operations in Italy and key factors assessment. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2014;30:237–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Traberg RL. District energy: the Danish experience. London: Royal Danish Embassy; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  38. International Energy Agency. Energy technology perspectives 2015: mobilising innovation to accelerate climate action. Paris: Organisation for Economic and Co-operation and Development; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  39. European Environment Agency. Progress on energy efficiency in Europe; 2015. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/progress-on-energy-efficiency-in-europe-2/assessment. Accessed 7 Oct 2015.

  40. ENERDATA. Quantitative evaluation of explanatory factors of the lower energy efficiency performance of France for space heating compared to European benchmarks. Angers: Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Eurostat. Infrastructure (electricity) annual data. Luxembourg: Eurostat. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-datasets/-/NRG_113A. Accessed 2 Oct 2015.

  42. Eurostat. Combined heat and power (CHP) data 2005–2013. Luxembourg: Eurostat. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data. Accessed 2 Oct 2015.

  43. Sorrell S, Mallett A, Nye S. Barriers to industrial energy efficiency: a literature review. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Eurostat. Eurostat statistics explained: consumption of energy. Luxembourg: Eurostat. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Consumption_of_energy. Accessed 29 Sept 2015.

  45. LEKA. New district heating countries. Vilnius: Lithuanian Energy Consultants Association; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Control, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain

    Antonio Colmenar-Santos

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Sistemas y Automática, Universidad de León, León, Spain

    David Borge-Díez

  3. Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain

    Enrique Rosales-Asensio

Authors
  1. Antonio Colmenar-Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David Borge-Díez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Enrique Rosales-Asensio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonio Colmenar-Santos .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Colmenar-Santos, A., Borge-Díez, D., Rosales-Asensio, E. (2017). District Heating and Cogeneration in the EU-28: Current Situation, Potential and Proposed Energy Strategy for Its Generalisation. In: District Heating and Cooling Networks in the European Union. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57952-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57952-8_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57951-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57952-8

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation