Skip to main content

How Cultural Beliefs and the Response to Fear Appeals Shape Consumer’s Purchasing Behavior Toward Sustainable Products

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sustainability in Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Abstract

This study examines how cultural beliefs and other cognitive processes related with the response to fear appeals can contribute to explain why consumers choose to purchase goods produced by sustainable companies. For this purpose, it tested the Cultural Cognition Theory and the Protection Motivation Theory as determinants of consumers’ purchasing behavior. There are two independent ordered probit regression models that examine the relationships between the proposed independent variables and the behavior of respectively punishing non-sustainable companies and rewarding sustainable companies. Results show that the more egalitarian and the less hierarchical individuals are, the more they will reward sustainable companies. Besides, consumer’s behavior toward the companies is determined by their perception of environmental threat and their perceived response efficacy. These outcomes are relevant for companies seeking to differentiate their products and their image to improve the positioning in the market, and for governments aiming at increasing citizens’ awareness toward global climate change.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/about/projects/global-warmings-six-americas/.

References

  • Aaker, D. A., & Bagozzi, R. P. (1982). Attitudes toward public policy alternatives to reduce air pollution. Journal of Marketing, 1, 85–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson Jr., W. T., & Cunningham, W. H. (1972). The socially conscious consumer. Journal of Marketing, 36(3), 23–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, L. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1993). Responding to environmental concerns: What factors guide individual action? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13(2), 149–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barr, S. (2007). Factors influencing environmental attitudes and behaviors: A UK case study household waste management. Environment and Behavior, 39(4), 435–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bockarjova, M., & Steg, L. (2014). Can protection motivation theory predict pro-environmental behavior? Explaining the adoption of electric vehicles in the Netherlands. Global Environmental Change, 28, 276–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dake, K. (1992). Myths of nature: Culture and the social construction of risk. Journal of Social Issues, 48(4), 21–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Datta, S. K. (2011). Pro-environmental concern influencing green buying: A study on Indian consumers. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(6), 124–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamantopoulos, A., Schelegelmich, B. B., Sinkovics, R. R., & Bohlen, G. M. (2003). Can socio-demographics still play a role in profiling green consumers? A review of the evidence and an empirical investigation. Journal of Business Research, 56(6), 465–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, T., Stern, P. C., & Guagnano, G. A. (1998). Social structural and social psychological bases of environmental concern. Environment and Behavior, 30(4), 450–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, M. (1978). Cultural bias. Royal Anthropological Institute, Occasional Paper 35: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, M. (1985). Risk acceptability according to the social sciences. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, M. (1992). Risk and blame: Essays in cultural theory. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, M. (1998). Estilos de pensar. Barcelona, Spain: Editorial Gedisa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, M., & Wildavsky, A. (1982). Risk and culture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, R. E., Gallup, G. H., & Gallup, A. M. (1993). Of global concern: Results of the health of the planet survey. Environment, 35, 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, R. E., & Jones, R. (2002). Environmental concern: Conceptual and measurement issues. In R. Dunlap & W. Michelson (Eds.), Handbook of environmental sociology (pp. 482–524). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The new environmental paradigm. A proposed measuring instrument and preliminary results. Journal of Environmental Education, 9, 10–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraj, E., & Martinez, E. (2006). Environmental values and lifestyles as determining factors of ecological consumer behavior: an empirical analysis. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(3), 133–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatersleben, B., Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2002). Measurement and determinants of environmentally significant consumer behavior. Environment and Behavior, 34(3), 335–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins-Smith, H. (2001). Modeling stigma: An empirical analysis of nuclear waste images of Nevada. In J. Flynn, P. Slovic, & H. Kunreuther (Eds.), Risk, media, and stigma: Understanding public challenges to modern science and technology (pp. 107–132). Sterling, VA: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins-Smith, H. C., & Herron, K. G. (2009). Rock and a hard place: Public willingness to trade civil rights and liberties for greater security. Politics & Policy, 37(5), 1095–1129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahan, D. M. (2008). Cultural cognition as a conception of the cultural theory of risk (Harvard Law School Program on Risk Regulation Research Paper No. 08-20). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1123807.

  • Kahan, D. M., Braman, D., Gastil, J., Slovic, P., & Mertz, C. K. (2005). Gender, race, and risk perception: The influence of cultural status anxiety (Yale Law School Pub. Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series, Working Paper No. 86, 15-24). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=723762.

  • Kahan, D. M., Braman, D., Gastil, J., Slovic, P., & Mertz, C. K. (2010). Culture and identity-protective cognition: Explaining the white-male effect in risk perception. In P. Slovic (Ed.), The Feeling of Risk: New Perspectives on Risk Perception. Washington DC: Earthscan. chapter 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S., Jeong, S. H., & Hwang, Y. (2012). Predictors of pro-environmental behaviors of American and Korean students: The application of the theory of reasoned action and protection motivation theory. Science Communication, 1075547012441692.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinnear, T., Taylor, J. R., & Ahmed, S. (1974). Ecologically concerned consumers: Who are they? Journal of Marketing, 38, 20–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laroche, M., Bergeron, J., & Babaro-Forleo, G. (2001). Targeting consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(6), 503–520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leiserowitz, A. and Smith, N. (2010). Knowledge of climate change across global warming’s six Americas. Yale University. New Haven, CT.: Yale Project on Climate Change Communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maddux, J. E., & Rogers, R. W. (1983). Protection motivation and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(5), 469–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maibach, E., Roser-Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2009). Global warming’s six Americas 2009: An audience segmentation analysis. Yale Project for Climate Change Communication: George Mason University/Center for Climate Change Communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mainieri, T., Barnett, E. G., Valdero, T. R., Unipan, J. B., & Oskamp, S. (1997). Green buying: The influence of environmental concern on consumer behaviour. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(2), 189–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mamadouth, V. (1999). Grid-group cultural theory: An introduction. GeoJournal, 47, 395–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milfont, T. L., & Gouveia, V. V. (2006). Time perspective and values: An exploratory study of their relations to environmental attitudes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26, 72–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pechmann, C., Zhao, G., Goldberg, M. E., & Reibling, E. T. (2003). What to convey in antismoking advertisements for adolescents: The use of protection motivation theory to identify effective message themes. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poortinga, W., Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2004). Values, environmental concern, and environmental behavior. Environment and Behavior, 36(1), 70–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rippetoe, P. A., & Rogers, R. W. (1987). Effects of components of protection-motivation theory on adaptive and maladaptive coping with a health threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R. W. (1983). Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation. In J. Cacioppo & R. Petty (Eds.), Social psychophysiology. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samdahl, D. M., & Robertson, R. (1989). Social determinants of environmental concern. Environment and Behavior, 21(1), 57–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, P. W. (2002). Environmental attitudes and behaviors across cultures. In W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, & D. N. Sattler (Eds.), OnLine readings in psychology and culture. Western Washington University, Department of Psychology, Center for Cross-Cultural Research Web site: (http://www.wwu.edu/culture).

  • Schwarz, M., & Thompson, M. (1990). Divided we stand. Redefining politics, technology and social choice. University of Pennsylvania Press: Pennsylvania, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, C. L., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (2007). The precautionary principle in context: U.S. and E.U. scientists prescriptions for policy in the face of uncertainty. Social Science Quarterly, 88(3), 640–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, P. C. (2000). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 47(10), 1224–1232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straughan, R. D., & Roberts, J. A. (1999). Environmental segmentation alternatives: A look at green consumer behavior in the new millennium. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16(6), 558–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, M., Ellis, R., & Wildavsky, A. (1990). Cultural theory. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2015). COP 21. http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10a01.pdf.

  • Van Liere, K. D., & Dunlap, R. E. (1981). Environmental concern. Environment and Behavior, 13(6), 651–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wildavsky, A. (1987). Choosing preferences by constructing institutions: A cultural theory of preference formation. The American Political Science Review, 81(1), 3–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer, M. R., Stafford, T. F., & Stafford, M. R. (1994). Green issues: Dimensions of environmental concern. Journal of Business Research, 30(1), 63–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The Editors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their cooperation and useful comments and all authors, without whose support, it would not have been possible to produce this book. The views expressed in this article are purely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nuria Rodríguez-Priego .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rodríguez-Priego, N., Montoro-Ríos, F.J. (2018). How Cultural Beliefs and the Response to Fear Appeals Shape Consumer’s Purchasing Behavior Toward Sustainable Products. In: Leal-Millan, A., Peris-Ortiz, M., Leal-Rodríguez, A. (eds) Sustainability in Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57318-2_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics