Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Polydactyly

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric and Adolescent Plastic Surgery for the Clinician

  • 1002 Accesses

Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the upper extremity are noted in approximately 2 per 1000 live births. By modified classification of Oberg, all anomalies are placed within one of three groups: malformations, deformations, and dysplasias. Treatment of these patients is multidisciplinary. Polydactyly (presence of extra digits or duplication of digital parts) is the most frequently observed congenital hand anomaly, it is easily detected, and it causes cosmetic and functional impairment. It is roughly classified as radial, which is the most common, central, and ulnar. Treatment options are different, and they range from simple excision to complex microvascular reconstruction. Synostosis, Kirner’s deformity, brachydactyly, triphalangeal thumb, clinodactyly, camptodactyly, macrodactyly, thumb hypoplasia, congenital constriction band syndrome, and congenial trigger thumb occur as the most often hand anomalies in pediatric population with a various clinical presentations and with different treatment options.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Choi M, Sharma S, Louie O. Congenital hand abnormalities. In: Thorne H, Beasley RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear SL, editors. Grabb and Smith’s plastic surgery. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 856–63.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Little KJ, Cornwall R. Congenital anomalies of the hand-principles of management. Orthop Clin North Am. 2016;47(1):153–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Tonkin M, Oberg KZ. Congenital hand I: embryology, classification, and principles. In: Neligan PC, Gurtner GC, editors. Plastic surgery. St Louis: Elsevier, Saunders; 2013. p. 526–47.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Manske MC, Kennedy CD, Huang JI. Classification in brief: the Wassel classification for radial polydactyly. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016 Sep 9. [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  5. Guo B, Lee SK, Paksima N. Polydactyly: a review. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 2013;71(1):17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kozin SH. Upper-extremity congenital anomalies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:1564–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hovius SER. Congenital hand IV: disorders of differentiation and duplication. In: Neligan PC, editor. Plastic surgery. St Louis: Elsevier, Saunders; 2013. p. 603–33.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Manske PR, Oberg KC. Classification and developmental biology of congenital anomalies of the hand and upper extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91-A(Suppl 4):3–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Faust KC, Kimbrough T, Oakes JE, Edmunds JO, Faust DC. Polydactyly of the hand. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2015;44(5):E127–34.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Malik S. Polydactyly: phenotypes, genetics and classification. Clin Genet. 2014;85(3):203–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Buck-Gramcko D. Congenital malformations of the hand and forearm. Chir Main. 2002;21(2):70–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Tada K, Kurisaki E, Yonenobu K, Tsuyuguchi Y, Kawai H. Central polydactyly-a review of 12 cases and their surgical treatment. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1982;7(5):460–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Christensen JC, Leff FB, Lepow GM, Schwartz RI, Colon PA, Arminio ST, Nixon P, Segel D, Leff S. Congenital polydactyly and polymetatarsalia: classification, genetics, and surgical correction. 1981. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2011;50(3):336–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Cooney WP, Wolf J, Holtkamp K, Dobyns JH. Congenital duplication of the thumb. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 2004;36(2–3):126–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Tonkin MA. Thumb duplication: concepts and techniques. Clin Orthop Surg. 2012;4(1):1–17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Samson P, Salazard B, Magalon G. The “Bilhaut-Cloquet” technique for treatment of thumb duplication. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 2004;36(2–3):141–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hung LK, Leung PC, Miura T. Congenital hand V: disorders of overgrowth, undergrowth, and generalized skeletal deformities. In: Neligan PC, Gurtner GC, editors. Plastic surgery. St Louis: Elsevier, Saunders; 2013. p. 634–50.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Temtamy SA, Aglan MS. Brachydactyly. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2008;13:3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fairbank SM, Rozen WM, Coombs CJ. The pathogenesis of Kirner’s deformity: a clinical, radiological and histological study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2015;40(6):633–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Dykes RG. Kirner’s deformity of the little finger. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978;60(1):58–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Krengel S, Fustes-Morales A, Carrasco D, Vázquez M, Durán-McKinster C, Ruiz-Maldonado R. Macrodactyly: report of eight cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17(4):270–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Medina JA, Lorea P, Elliot D, Foucher G. Correction of clinodactyly by early physiolysis: 6-year results. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2016;41(6):e123–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Piper SL, Goldfarb CA, Wall LB. Outcomes of opening wedge osteotomy to correct angular deformity in little finger clinodactyly. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2015;40(5):908–13. e1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Cerrato F, Eberlin KR, Waters P, Upton J. Presentation and treatment of macrodactyly in children. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2013;38A:2112–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gluck JS, Ezaki M. Surgical treatment of macrodactyly. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2015;40(7):1461–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Uemura T, Kazuki K, Okada M, Egi T, Takaoka K. A case of toe macrodactyly treated by application of a vascularised nail graft. Br J Plast Surg. 2005;58(7):1020–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kotwal PP, Farooque M. Macrodactyly. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80(4):651–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Habenicht R, Hulsemann W, Lohmeyer JA, Mann M. Constriction band syndrome ten-year experience with one-step correction of constriction rings by complete circular resection and linear circumferential skin closure. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013;66:1117–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Homer LE, Mishra A, McArthur P. Amniotic constriction bands: a case series and proposed new classification system. Hand Surg. 2015;20(1):121–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Mutaf M, Sunay M. A new technique for correction of congenital constriction rings. Ann Plast Surg. 2006;57(6):646–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hung NN. Congenital constriction ring in children: sine plasty combined with removal of fibrous groove and fasciotomy. J Child Orthop. 2012;6:189–97.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Soltanian H. Tenosynovitis In: Thorne H, Beasley RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear SL, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 826–29.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Akhtar S, Bradley MJ, Quinton DN, Burke FD. Management and referral for trigger finger/thumb. BMJ. 2005;331(7507):30.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Schaverien MV, Godwin Y. Paediatric trigger finger: literature review and management algorithm. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(5):623–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Republic Serbia, University of Belgrade, New Belgrade, Serbia

    Aleksandar M. Vlahovic

  2. Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

    Emir Q. Haxhija

Authors
  1. Aleksandar M. Vlahovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Emir Q. Haxhija
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vlahovic, A.M., Haxhija, E.Q. (2017). Polydactyly. In: Pediatric and Adolescent Plastic Surgery for the Clinician. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56004-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56004-5_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56003-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56004-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation