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Abiotic Stress Induced Epigenetic Modifications in Plants: How Much Do We Know?

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Plant Epigenetics

Part of the book series: RNA Technologies ((RNATECHN))

Abstract

Epigenetics has evolved rapidly over the last two decades as a contemporary field of biology. In present day, it represents the heritable mitotic or even meiotic genetic change which does not alter the DNA sequence. Plants are considered as the masters of epigenetic regulation since they have the capability of rapid and reversible alteration of their epigenetic state and also maintaining a stable “memory” of it. Plants being sessile in nature are exposed to adverse environmental conditions which hampers their growth, development, productivity, and survival. They have developed intricate mechanisms at molecular level to withstand such stressful situations. Recent studies have documented the epigenetic control on stress-responsive mechanisms in response to various abiotic stresses. Several epigenetic mechanisms identified so far involve DNA methylation, histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, biotinylation, and sumoylation), chromatin remodeling, and small RNA (miRNA and siRNA) directed DNA methylation. Plants make wide use of DNA methylation as an epigenetic mark and undergo histone modifications to carry out transcriptional as well as posttranscriptional gene silencing programs. In this chapter, we have recapitulated the historical overview of the field of epigenetics followed by the various epigenetic mechanisms and lastly reviewed the studies related to various abiotic stress responses to understand the role of different epigenetic mechanisms in different plant species.

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Abbreviations

ADA2:

Alternation/deficiency in activation 2

AGO:

ARGONAUTE

CAM:

Crassulacean acid metabolism

CBF1:

C-repeat/DRE binding factor1

CBP:

CREB-binding protein

CLF:

CURLY LEAF

CMT3:

CHROMOMETHYLASE3

DCLs:

Dicer-Like

DME:

Demeter

DML:

Demeter-Like

DRM:

DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLASE

dsRNAs:

double-stranded RNAs

OsFIE1:

Orzya sativa Fertilization-Independent Endosperm1

GCN5:

General Control Non-derepressible5

GNAT:

GCN5-related N-terminal acetyltransferase

HATs:

histone acetyltransferases

HDACs:

histone deacetylases

HDMs:

histone demethylases

HKMTs:

histone lysine methyltransferase

HOS15:

High expression of osmotically responsive gene 15

HST1:

HASTY

JmjC:

Jumonji C

LSD1:

Lysine-Specific Demethylase1

m5C:

5-methylcytosine

MEA:

MEDEA

MET1:

DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1

miRNAs:

microRNAs

MSAP:

Methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism

ncRNAs:

non-coding RNAs

NRPD1:

NUCLEAR RNA POLYMERASE D1

NRPE1:

Nuclear RNA Polymerase E1

pri-miRNAs:

primary miRNAs

RdDM:

RNA-directed DNA methylation

RDR:

RNA-dependent RNA polymerases

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

ROS1:

Repressor of Silencing1

SAHH1:

S-ADENOSYL-L-HOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE1

SAM:

S-adenosyl L-methionine

SDN:

Small RNA Degrading Nuclease

siRNAs:

small interfering RNAs

sRNAs:

Small RNAs

ssRNAs:

single stranded RNAs

SWN:

SWINGER

TAFII250:

TATA binding protein-associated factors

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Acknowledgment

Authors are thankful to the University Grants Commission and Visva-Bharati for providing all the facilities.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, WB, India

    Sonali Bej & Jolly Basak

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  1. Sonali Bej
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Correspondence to Jolly Basak .

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  1. Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany

    Nikolaus Rajewsky

  2. Nanobiomedical Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

    Stefan Jurga

  3. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland

    Jan Barciszewski

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Bej, S., Basak, J. (2017). Abiotic Stress Induced Epigenetic Modifications in Plants: How Much Do We Know?. In: Rajewsky, N., Jurga, S., Barciszewski, J. (eds) Plant Epigenetics. RNA Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55520-1_24

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