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Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children with Neoplastic Disorders

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Haploidentical Transplantation

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Abstract

Despite marked improvement in the treatment of children affected by hematologic malignancies with chemotherapy, a significant proportion of patients require allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) either in first remission or beyond. Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT) opens the possibility to offer this treatment to every child in need of an allograft lacking an HLA-matched sibling (HLA-MSD), HLA-matched unrelated donor (HLA-MUD), or a suitable umbilical cord blood (CB) unit. However, early attempts at haplo-HCT in leukemia patients were associated with high rates of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), leading to high transplant-related mortality (TRM) and, consequently, poor survival. In the last two decades, novel insights in transplant immunology, continuing advances in graft manipulation technology, and improved supportive care strategies have led to significantly better outcomes, so, with further refinements, it is possible that haplo-HCT can become the preferred transplant option for children with hematologic malignancies without an HLA-identical relative. In this chapter, we have summarized clinical results obtained with haplo-HCT in pediatric hematologic malignancies, analyzing advantages and drawbacks of various approaches and discussing strategies to further improving patient’s outcome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Oncoematologia Pediatrica, IRCSS, Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy

    Mattia Algeri M.D. & Franco Locatelli M.D.

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Franco Locatelli M.D.

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  1. Mattia Algeri M.D.
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  2. Franco Locatelli M.D.
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Correspondence to Franco Locatelli M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Stefan O. Ciurea

  2. Department of General Pediatrics and Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Rupert Handgretinger

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Algeri, M., Locatelli, F. (2018). Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children with Neoplastic Disorders. In: Ciurea, S., Handgretinger, R. (eds) Haploidentical Transplantation. Advances and Controversies in Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54310-9_13

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