Skip to main content

Tinea Versicolor and Tinea Capitis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Dermatoanthropology of Ethnic Skin and Hair
  • 1150 Accesses

Abstract

Some infections have unique clinical features and considerations in skin of color. Tinea capitis and tinea versicolor (TV) are two widespread fungal infections across the globe. Tinea capitis is extremely common in Black and Hispanic populations and has been described as endemic in some large metropolitan areas. TV is associated with marked dyschromia that is far more noticeable among darker skinned patients. The dyschromia can be long standing. In addition, the presentation can be unique; facial involvement of TV has been reported as more common in skin of color. Tinea nigra is important to identify in persons of color because it can resemble acral nevi and melanoma. This chapter outlines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, workup, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment options for these conditions with a focus on unique features in skin of color.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Coley MK, et al. Scalp hyperkeratosis and alopecia in children of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(5):511–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Khosravi AR, Shokri H, Vahedi G. Factors in etiology and predisposition of adult Tinea Capitis and review of published literature. Mycopathologia. 2016;181(5–6):371–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Silverberg NB, Weinberg JM, DeLeo VA. Tinea capitis: focus on African American women. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(2 Suppl Understanding):S120–4.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Abdel-Rahman SM, et al. The prevalence of infections with Trichophyton tonsurans in schoolchildren: the CAPITIS study. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):966–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Williams JV, et al. Prevalence of scalp scaling in prepubertal children. Pediatrics. 2005;115(1):e1–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ghannoum M, et al. Tinea capitis in Cleveland: survey of elementary school students. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48(2):189–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Leiva-Salinas M, et al. Tinea capitis in schoolchildren in a rural area in southern Ethiopia. Int J Dermatol. 2015;54(7):800–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hogewoning AA, et al. Prevalence and causative fungal species of tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Gabon. Mycoses. 2011;54(5):e354–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sharma V, et al. Do hair care practices affect the acquisition of tinea capitis? A case-control study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155(7):818–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Garg AP, Muller J. Inhibition of growth of dermatophytes by Indian hair oils. Mycoses. 1992;35(11–12):363–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fuller LC, et al. British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the management of tinea capitis 2014. Br J Dermatol. 2014;171(3):454–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Farooqi M, et al. Clinical types of tinea capitis and species identification in children: an experience from tertiary care centres of Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014;64(3):304–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Borda LJ, Wikramanayake TC. Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff: a comprehensive review. J Clin Investig Dermatol. 2015;3(2).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Elewski BE. In: Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Schaffer JV, editors. Dermatology. Elsevier Limited; 2012. p. 1251–84.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ilkit M. Favus of the scalp: an overview and update. Mycopathologia. 2010;170(3):143–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Friedlander SF, et al. Use of the cotton swab method in diagnosing tinea capitis. Pediatrics. 1999;104(2 Pt 1):276–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bonifaz A, et al. Cytobrush-culture method to diagnose tinea capitis. Mycopathologia. 2007;163(6):309–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Poluri LV, Indugula JP, Kondapaneni SL. Clinicomycological study of dermatophytosis in South India. J Lab Physicians. 2015;7(2):84–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Singh S, Beena PM. Comparative study of different microscopic techniques and culture media for the isolation of dermatophytes. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2003;21(1):21–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hughes R, et al. Corkscrew hair: a new dermoscopic sign for diagnosis of tinea capitis in black children. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(3):355–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hinshaw MA, Longley BJ. In: Elder DE, editor. Lever’s histopathology of the skin. Wolters Kluwer; 2014. p. 593–4.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chen X, et al. Systemic antifungal therapy for tinea capitis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;Cd004685 (5).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Elewski BE, et al. Terbinafine hydrochloride oral granules versus oral griseofulvin suspension in children with tinea capitis: results of two randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter, international, controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59(1):41–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bennasar A, Grimalt R. Management of tinea capitis in childhood. Clin Cosmetic Invest Dermatol. 2010;3:89–98.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kakourou T, Uksal UA. Guidelines for the managemnent of tinea capitis in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27(3):226–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bhanusali D, et al. Treatment outcomes for tinea capitis in a skin of color population. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(7):852–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kallini JR, Riaz F, Khachemoune A. Tinea versicolor in dark-skinned individuals. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(2):137–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Park HJ, et al. Skin characteristics in patients with pityriasis versicolor using non-invasive method, MPA5. Ann Dermatol. 2012;24(4):444–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Gupta AK, Bluhm R, Summerbell R. Pityriasis versicolor. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2002;16(1):19–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kelly Ap, Taylor SC. Dermatology for skin of color. New York: McGraw Hill; 2016. p. 425–30 (Ch 59).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Berry M, Khachemoune A. Extensive tinea versicolor mimicking Pityriasis rubra pilaris. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009;8(5):490–1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Child FJ, et al. A study of the spectrum of skin disease occurring in a black population in South-East London. Br J Dermatol. 1999;141(3):512–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Halder RM, Nootheti PK. Ethnic skin disorders overview. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48(6 Suppl):S143–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Mellen LA, et al. Treatment of pityriasis versicolor in the United States. J Dermatolog Treat. 2004;15(3):189–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Halder RM, Nandedkar MA, Neal KW. Pigmentary disorders in ethnic skin. Dermatol Clin. 2003;21(4):617–28 (vii).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Pontasch MJ, Kyanko ME, Brodell RT. Tinea versicolor of the face in black children in a temperate region. Cutis. 1989;43(1):81–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Testa J, Belec L, Bouree P. Epidemiological survey of 126 cases of pityriasis versicolor in the Central African Republic. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1991;71(2):153–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Rao GS, et al. Clinico-epidermiological studies on tinea versicolor. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2002;68(4):208–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Belec L, Testa J, Bouree P. Pityriasis versicolor in the Central African Republic: a randomized study of 144 cases. J Med Vet Mycol. 1991;29(5):323–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Nenoff P, et al. Mycology—an update part 2: dermatomycoses: clinical picture and diagnostics. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2014;12(9):749–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Hawkins DM, Smidt AC. Superficial fungal infections in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014;61(2):443–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Jubert E, et al. Neonatal pityriasis versicolor. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(3):329–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ibekwe PU, et al. The spectrum of Malassezia species isolated from students with pityriasis vesicolor in Nigeria. Mycoses. 2015;58(4):203–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Schwartz RA. Superficial fungal infections. Lancet. 2004;364(9440):1173–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Aljabre SH, et al. Pigmentary changes of tinea versicolor in dark-skinned patients. Int J Dermatol. 2001;40(4):273–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Gupta AK, Daigle D, Foley KA. Drug safety assessment of oral formulations of ketoconazole. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015;14(2):325–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Gupta AK, Lyons DC. The rise and fall of oral ketoconazole. J Cutan Med Surg. 2015;19(4):352–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hald M, et al. Evidence-based Danish guidelines for the treatment of Malassezia-related skin diseases. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(1):12–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Hu SW, Bigby M. Pityriasis versicolor: a systematic review of interventions. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(10):1132–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Pantazidou A, Tebruegge M. Recurrent tinea versicolor: treatment with itraconazole or fluconazole? Arch Dis Child. 2007;92(11):1040–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Davis EC, Callender VD. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: a review of the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment options in skin of color. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2010;3(7):20–31.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Solak B, Unus Z. Tinea nigra on the fingers. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Criado PR, Delgado L, Pereira GA. Dermoscopy revealing a case of tinea nigra. An Bras Dermatol. 2013;88(1):128–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Maia Abinader MV, et al. Tinea nigra dermoscopy: a useful assessment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(6):e121–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Schaffer JV. Dermatology chapter 77 fungal diseases. Philadelphhia, Saunders; 2012. p. 1251–55.

    Google Scholar 

  56. James WD, Berger T, editors. Andrews diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology. 12th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2015. p. 302 (Ch 15).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stavonnie Patterson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Patterson, S., Akintilo, L. (2017). Tinea Versicolor and Tinea Capitis. In: Vashi, N., Maibach, H. (eds) Dermatoanthropology of Ethnic Skin and Hair. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53961-4_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53961-4_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53960-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53961-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics