Skip to main content

Action-Space and Time: Towards an Enactive Hermeneutics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Place, Space and Hermeneutics

Part of the book series: Contributions to Hermeneutics ((CONT HERMEN,volume 5))

Abstract

We argue that the understanding of space, as an extended, simultaneous totality, although useful in some scientific contexts, is not true to our embodied experiences of space. It is an abstraction, involving a de-temporalization of space that falsifies our experience. From the phenomenological-enactivist perspective, space is not already there, neutrally constituted in its objective extension; rather, it is enacted, put in place relative to action affordances that are both corporeal and intercorporeal. Moreover, these action affordances are permeated by an intrinsic temporality, so that the experience of space is fully temporal because it is fully embodied. Space, as the experienced phenomenon of a delimited embodied enactment, is also hermeneutically situated so that meaning emerges for the embodied agent just because of its dynamical relations to a set of physical and social affordances.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This dynamical coordination that structures its own temporality is embodied in the interaction of the agents, but interaction in an enactive perspective is not just space-time coincidence:

    We must go beyond a view that identifies interaction as simply the spacio-temporal coincidence of two agents that influence each other. We must move towards an interpretation of how their history of coordination demarcates the interaction as an identifiable pattern with its own internal structure, and its own role to play in the process of understanding each other and the world. (De Jaegher and Di Paolo 2007, p. 492)

References

  • Babinski, J. 1899. De l’asynergie cérébelleuse. Revue de Neurologie 7: 806–816.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergson, H. 1988. Matter and Memory. Trans. N.M. Paul and W. S. Palmer. New York: Zone Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berthoz, A. 2000. The Brain’s Sense of Movement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berti, A., and F. Frassinetti. 2000. When Far Becomes Near: Remapping of Space by Tool Use. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12(3): 415–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brincker, M. 2014. Navigating eyond “Here & Now” Affordances—On Sensorimotor Maturation and “False Belief” Performance. Frontiers in Psychology 5. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01433.

  • Butterworth, G., and B. Hopkins. 1988. Hand-Mouth Coordination in the Newborn Baby. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 6: 303–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clancey, W.J. 1997. Situated Cognition: On Human Knowledge and Computer Representations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, J. 1995. Pride and a Daily Marathon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016. Losing Touch. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coventry, K.R., B. Valdés, A. Castillo, and P. Guijarro-Fuentes. 2008. Language Within Your Reach: Near–Far Perceptual Space and Spatial Demonstratives. Cognition 108: 889–895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Jaegher, H., and E. Di Paolo. 2007. Participatory Sense-Making. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 6(4): 485–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Vries, J.I.P., G.H.A. Visser, and H.F.R. Prechtl. 1984. Fetal Motility in the First Half of Pregnancy. In Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life, ed. H.F.R. Prechtl, 46–64. London: Spastics International Medical Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Paolo, E.A. 2009. The Social and Enactive Mind. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 8(4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Farnè, A., A. Iriki, and E. Làdavas. 2005. Shaping Multisensory Action-Space with Tools: Evidence from Patients with Cross-Modal Extinction. Neuropsychologia 43: 238–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, et al. 2008. Language Use, Coordination and the Emergence of Cooperative Sction. In Coordination: Neural, Behavioral and Social Dynamics, ed. A. Fuchs and V.K. Jirsa, 260–279. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadamer, H-G. 2004. Truth and Method. Trans. J. Weinsheimer & D. G. Marshall. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S. 1998. The Inordinance of Time. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. Time in Action. In Oxford Handbook on Time, ed. C. Callender, 419–437. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015. Doing the Math: Calculating the Role of Evolution and Enculturation in the Origins of Mathematical Reasoning. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 119: 341–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016. Timing Is not Everything: The Intrinsic Temporality of Sction. In Time and the Philosophy of Action, ed. Roman Altshuler, 203–221. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S., and M. Bower. 2014. Making Enactivism Even More Embodied. AVANT / Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies (Poland) 5(2): 232–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S., and J. Cole. 1995. Body Schema and Body Image in a Deafferented Subject. Journal of Mind and Behavior 16: 369–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S., and D. Zahavi. 2012. The Phenomenological Mind. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014. Primal Impression and Enactive Perception. In Subjective Time: The Philosophy, Psychology, and Neuroscience of Temporality, ed. D. Lloyd and V. Arstila, 83–99. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgieff, N., and M. Jeannerod. 1998. Beyond Consciousness of External Events: A Who System for Consciousness of Action and Self-Consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition 7: 465–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J.J. 1977. The Theory of Affordances. In Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology, ed. R. Shaw and J. Bransford, 67–82. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1979. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haber, R.N. 1985. Toward a Theory of the Perceived Spatial Layout of Scenes. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 31(3): 282–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haith, M.M. 1993. Future-Oriented Processes in Infancy: The Case of Visual Expectations. In Carnegie-Mellon Symposium on Visual Perception and Cognition in Infancy, ed. C. Granrud, 235–264. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Head, H. 1920. Studies in Neurology, vol. 2. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, B., and H.F.R. Prechtl. 1984. A Qualitative Approach to the Development of Movements During Early Infancy. In Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life, ed. H.F.R. Prechtl. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E. 1966. Analysen zur passiven Synthesis, Husserliana 11. Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1989. Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, Second Book: Studies in the Phenomenology of Constitution. Trans. R. Rojcewicz and A. Schuwer. The Hague: Kluwer Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1991. On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time (1893–1917), Collected Works IV. Trans. J. Brough. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1998. Thing and Space: Lectures of 1907. Trans. R. Rojceicz. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2001. Die Bernauer Manuskripte über das Zeitbewusstsein (1917–18), Husserliana 33. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeannerod, M. 1997. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Action. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2001. Neural Simulation of Action: A Unifying Mechanism for Motor Cognition. NeuroImage 14: S103–S109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeannerod, M., and S. Gallagher. 2002. From Action to Interaction: An Interview with Marc Jeannerod. Journal of Consciousness Studies 9(1): 3–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. 2015. The Embodied Meaning of Architecture. In Mind in Architecture: Neuroscience, Embodiment, and the Future of Design, ed. S. Robinson and J. Pallasmaa, 33–50. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koselleck, R. 1985. Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laroche, J., A.M. Berardi, and E. Brangier. 2014. Embodiment of Intersubjective Time: Relational Dynamics as Attractors in the Temporal Coordination of Interpersonal Behaviors and Experiences. Frontiers in Psychology 5: 1180 . http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lew, A., and G.E. Butterworth. 1995. Hand-Mouth Contact in Newborn Babies Before and After Feeding. Developmental Psychology 31: 456–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loomis, J.M., J.A. Da Silva, N. Fujita, and S.S. Fukusima. 1992. Visual Space Perception and Visually Directed Action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18(4): 906–921.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKay, D. 1966. Cerebral Organization and the Conscious Control of Action. In J Brain and Conscious Experience, ed. C. Eccles, 422–445. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maravita, A., and A. Iriki. 2004. Tools for the Body (Schema). Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8(2): 79–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, K.L., M.J. Richardson, R.M. Baron, and R.C. Schmidt. 2006. Contrasting Approaches to Perceiving and Acting with Others. Ecological Psychology 18(1): 1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merleau-Ponty, M. 1962. Phenomenology of Perception. Trans. C. Smith. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1968. The Visible and the Invisible. Trans. A. Lingis. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noë, A. 2004. Action in Perception. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Regan, J.K., and A. Noë. 2001. A Sensorimotor Account of Vision and Visual Consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24(5): 939–973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Gómez, A. 1998. The Case for Hermeneutics as Architectural Discourse. In Architecture and Teaching-Epistemological Foundations. 31st EAAE Workshop (European Association for Architectural Education), ed. H. Dunin-Woyseth, 21–29. Paris: Comportements.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prechtl, H.F.R., and B. Hopkins. 1986. Developmental Transformations of Spontaneous Movements in Early Infancy. Early Human Development 14: 233–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proffitt, D.R. 2006. Embodied Perception and the Economy of Action. Perspectives on Psychological Science 1(2): 110–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricoeur, P. 1988. Time and Narrative, vol. 3. Trans. K. Blamey and D. Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rietveld, E., and J. Kiverstein. 2014. A Rich Landscape of Affordances. Ecological Psychology 26(4): 325–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R.C., and B. O’Brien. 1997. Evaluating the Dynamics of Unintended Interpersonal Coordination. Ecological Psychology 9(3): 189–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soliman, T., and A.M. Glenberg. 2014. The Embodiment of Culture. In Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition, ed. L. Shapiro, 207–219. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, E. 1966. Philosophical Psychology. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surtees, A.D., and I.A. Apperly. 2012. Egocentrism and Automatic Perspective Taking in Children and Adults. Child Development 83(2): 452–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teneggi, C., E. Canzoneri, G. Di Pellegrino, and A. Serino. 2013. Social Modulation of Peripersonal Space Boundaries. Current Biology 23(5): 406–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trevarthen, C.B. 1968. Two Mechanisms of Vision in Primates. Psychologische Forschung 31(4): 299–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tversky, B., and B.M. Hard. 2009. Embodied and Disembodied Cognition: Spatial Perspective-Taking. Cognition 110(1): 124–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Elk, M. 2014. The Effect of Manipulability and Religion on the Multisensory Integration of Objects in Peripersonal Space. Cognitive Neuroscience 5(1): 36–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varela, F.J., E. Thompson, and E. Rosch. 1991. The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M., and G. Knoblich. 2005. The Case for Motor Involvement in Perceiving Conspecifics. Psychological Bulletin 131(3): 460–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolpert, D.M., Z. Ghahramani, and M.I. Jordan. 1995. An Internal Model for Sensorimotor Integration. Science 269(5232): 1880–1882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahavi, D. 1994. Husserl’s Phenomenology of the Body. Études Phénoménologiques 19: 63–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shaun Gallagher .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gallagher, S., Martínez, S.F., Gastelum, M. (2017). Action-Space and Time: Towards an Enactive Hermeneutics. In: Janz, B. (eds) Place, Space and Hermeneutics. Contributions to Hermeneutics, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52214-2_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics