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Differential Rotation in Sun-like Stars from Surface Variability and Asteroseismology

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

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Abstract

Stars rotate, but the transport of angular momentum (AM) has been a long standing problem for the study of rotation in stars. The rotation rate of a star can vary on scales of \(0.1-100\) days over the course of their evolution, but the open questions are still how and why it changes. This section is a brief overview of the rotation of stars on: the pre-main-sequence (PMS); the main sequence (MS), focusing on the detailed picture of solar rotation; and finally on what is currently known about radial and latitudinal differential rotation in other stars. This last section also covers rotation on the post-main-sequence as these are some of the few stars for which we have clear signs of radial differential rotation.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A proxy for mass, increasing toward lower (B-V) values.

  2. 2.

    Note that the lack of points in this region of Fig. 1.2 is a selection bias in the chosen catalogs.

  3. 3.

    Traditionally helioseismology only refers to seismology on the Sun, whereas asteroseismology refers to seismology of other stars.

  4. 4.

    Sometimes denoted the \(\eta \)-Earth parameter.

  5. 5.

    Centered on \(\alpha =19\,\mathrm{h} 22\,\mathrm{m} 40\,\mathrm{s}\) \(\delta =+44^{\circ } 30' 00''\), covering part of the Cygnus constellation.

  6. 6.

    https://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/.

  7. 7.

    Often assumed to be the frequency of the \(m=0\) mode.

  8. 8.

    The etymology of the term is unknown but likely connected to the mountaineering pursuit of counting the number of climbed or ‘bagged’ peaks. The term is often falsely credited to Dr. J. Schou who, despite being an avid mountaineer, denies having conceived of the term, but has merely proliferated it.

  9. 9.

    http://dan.iel.fm/emcee/current/.

  10. 10.

    Only recently through the use of asteroseismology, has it become possible to precisely determine the age of a star. This technique requires very high quality data however, and is also not applicable to very active stars.

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    Martin Bo Nielsen

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Nielsen, M.B. (2017). Introduction. In: Differential Rotation in Sun-like Stars from Surface Variability and Asteroseismology. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50989-1_1

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