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Distinguishing the Sources

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Solar Energetic Particles

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 932))

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Abstract

Our discussion of history has covered many of the observations that have led to the ideas of acceleration by shock waves or by magnetic reconnection in gradual and impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events, respectively. We now present other compelling observations, including onset timing, SEP-shock correlations, injection time profiles, high-energy spectral knees, e/p ratios, and intensity dropouts caused by a compact source, that have helped clarify these acceleration mechanisms and sources. However, some of the strongest evidence now comes from source-plasma temperatures. In this and the next two chapters, we will find that impulsive events come from solar active regions at 2–4 MK and, in most gradual events, shock waves accelerate ambient coronal material at <1.6 MK, although some shocks accelerate active-region plasma and reaccelerate residual impulsive suprathermal ions. In addition to helping to define their own origin, SEPs also probe the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Donald V. Reames

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Reames, D.V. (2017). Distinguishing the Sources. In: Solar Energetic Particles. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 932. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50871-9_3

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