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Methods and Techniques to Evaluate the Antiviral Activity of a New Probiotic Strain

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New Insights on Antiviral Probiotics

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Abstract

The “antiviral probiotic” term is not yet used in science nor approved by FDA and WHO. Indeed, the evaluation of antiviral activity of probiotic strains needs to be standardized and approved. Until now, “antiviral probiotics” are not used either in the medical or food sectors. Furthermore, this type of probiotic is not widely recognized by health organizations such as the WHO and FDA. However, antiviral probiotics (AvPrs) have shown an efficient antiviral effect in the prevention and treatment of several viral infections. In last decade, many studies have been conducted to evaluate the antiviral activity of some probiotic strains. Few studies have showed the mechanisms behind such activity. The needs and the importance of antiviral probiotics have encouraged researchers to deeply investigate the antiviral mechanism. A probiotic strain needs to be tested and evaluated by many experiment to be recognized and approved as antiviral probiotics. Besides cytotoxicity, probiotic characteristics and immunomodulation effect of probiotic strain, choosing cell line, indicator virus and addition time of bacterial cells are the essential criteria for this selection.

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Abbreviations

AvPrs:

Antiviral probiotics

BLIS:

Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances

CFS:

Cell-free supernatant

CMUL:

Collection Microbiologie Universite Libanaise

CPE:

Cytopathic effect

CT:

Clinical trial

DBPC:

Double-blind placebo controlled

DCs:

Dendritic cells

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

HAM/TSP:

(HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

HTLV-1:

human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

IgA:

Immunoglobulin A

IL:

Interleukin

LAB:

Lactic acid bacteria

LcS:

L. casei Shirota

LGG:

L. rhamnosus GG

MOI:

Multiplicity of infection

MuNoV:

Murine norovirus

NK:

Natural killer

NoV:

Norovirus

NRPS:

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PBS:

Phosphate buffer salt

PCCO:

Placebo-controlled crossover

PFGE:

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

PRA:

Plaque reduction assay

PrTBPC:

Prospective triple-blind placebo controlled

RDBPC:

Randomized double-blind placebo controlled

RoV:

Rotavirus

RSBC:

Randomized single-blind controlled

WBC:

White blood cells

WHO:

World Health Organization

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  1. Laboratoire de Microbiologie Environnement et Santé (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology/Faculty of Public Health Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon

    Imad AL KASSAA

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AL KASSAA, I. (2017). Methods and Techniques to Evaluate the Antiviral Activity of a New Probiotic Strain. In: New Insights on Antiviral Probiotics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49688-7_5

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