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Agrochemicals and Soil Microbes: Interaction for Soil Health

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Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 49))

Abstract

To fulfill food and fiber demand of the ever-increasing population over the world, agrochemicals are being used in large quantities. These agrochemicals include chemicals (hormone, fungicide, or insecticide, pesticides, and fertilizers) manufactured or processed for agricultural use to increase crop yield for economic point of view. Soil microbes constitute the biosphere that is the most important fraction of soil involved in nutrient cycling thus maintaining soil fertility. Agrochemicals are used to enhance the productivity of crops but when entering into soil directly affect soil microbes which ultimately deteriorate soil health. Many biological functions of the soil are disrupted by the application of agrochemicals. The direct and indirect effects of these chemicals on soil biology are reduction in population, proliferation of beneficial soil microorganisms and their biotransformation, decrease in biological nitrogen fixation, and reduced mineralization of organic compounds. Soil microbial enzymatic activities are the indicators of soil biological health, fertility, and chemical status. Agrochemicals incorporated in the soil eradicate beneficial soil microbes which are involved in important enzymatic components like chain of reactions that play vital role in synchronizing important chemical processes in soil. On the other hand, many microbes in the soil have the ability to degrade or metabolize the agrochemical pollutants in the soil to ensure the soil health. Soil microorganisms have intrinsic nature for rapid degradation processes and genetic adaptation to chemicals in the environment. Agrochemicals of diverse nature could be remediated from soil and water with the use of potential microorganisms in the soil. In this chapter, the effect of agrochemicals on soil biology and the role of soil microbes in the degradation of agrochemicals have been reviewed and summarized.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Zaffar Malik, Maqshoof Ahmad, Ghulam Hassan Abassi, Azhar Hussain & Moazzam Jamil

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Dawood

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  1. Zaffar Malik
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  2. Maqshoof Ahmad
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  3. Ghulam Hassan Abassi
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  4. Muhammad Dawood
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  5. Azhar Hussain
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  6. Moazzam Jamil
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Correspondence to Zaffar Malik .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Inst. of Information Technology Department of Meteorology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  2. Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vivek Kumar

  3. Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Malik, Z., Ahmad, M., Abassi, G.H., Dawood, M., Hussain, A., Jamil, M. (2017). Agrochemicals and Soil Microbes: Interaction for Soil Health. In: Hashmi, M., Kumar, V., Varma, A. (eds) Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment. Soil Biology, vol 49. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47744-2_11

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