Reflections on the Operator Theory

Abstract

This review offers a short summary of the Operator Theory, or O-theory, including the notion of closure consisting of some circular processes. Based on closure, the Operator Theory distinguishes a limited number of levels in the organization of nature: fundamental particles, hadrons, atoms, molecules, and cells, cells with endosymbionts, multicellular organisms, and organisms with neural networks. The Operator Hierarchy can be viewed as a meta-evolution theory, the higher levels of which describe ordinary Darwinian evolution. Special attention is paid to objects that are produced by higher level objects in the Hierarchy but are playing a role at a lower level. For example living organisms have added complex biological molecules to the collection of lifeless molecules.