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Mangrove Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): A Viable Funding Mechanism for Disaster Risk Reduction?

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Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation in Practice

Part of the book series: Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research ((NTHR,volume 42))

Abstract

Mangrove forests provide a multitude of ecosystem services, many of which contribute to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) along tropical coastlines. In the face of rapid deforestation, Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has been heralded as a potential avenue for financing conservation, although PES schemes remain in an embryonic state for mangroves. Several challenges must be overcome if mangrove PES is to advance. Firstly, challenges exist in quantifying multiple ecosystem services, especially those that contribute to DRR, such as wave attenuation and the control of coastal erosion. Secondly, the permanence of quantified ecosystem services is a central tenet of PES, but is not guaranteed in the dynamic coastal zone. Mangroves are affected by multiple stressors related to natural hazards and climate change, which are often outside of the control of a PES site manager. This will necessitate Financial Risk Management strategies, which are not commonly used in coastal PES, and introduces a number of management challenges. Finally, and most importantly, PES generally requires the clear identification and pairing of separate service providers and service users, who can potentially overlap in the context of DRR. This chapter reviews and discusses these emerging issues, and proposes potential solutions to contribute to the more effective implementation of mangrove PES. Ultimately however, difficulties in pairing separate and discreet service providers and users may render PES for DRR unfeasible in some settings, and we may need to continue traditional modes of DRR finance such as insurance and donor support.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, instigated the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which later spawned the Kyoto Protocol.

  2. 2.

    Made up of mineral materials as opposed to biogenic, i.e. organic, material.

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Acknowledgements

We thank members of the Mangrove Lab (National University of Singapore, www.themangrovelab.com) and J Phelps (Lancaster University) for discussions that have contributed to several of the themes highlighted in this chapter. This research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Government of Singapore (R-109-000-166-112).

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  1. Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore, Singapore

    Daniel A. Friess & Benjamin S. Thompson

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  1. Daniel A. Friess
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Correspondence to Daniel A. Friess .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Environment and Human Secu, United Nations University, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Fabrice G. Renaud

  2. Commission on Ecosystem Management, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland

    Karen Sudmeier-Rieux

  3. Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch, United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, Switzerland

    Marisol Estrella

  4. Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), TH Köln, University of Applied Sciences, Köln, Germany

    Udo Nehren

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Friess, D.A., Thompson, B.S. (2016). Mangrove Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): A Viable Funding Mechanism for Disaster Risk Reduction?. In: Renaud, F., Sudmeier-Rieux, K., Estrella, M., Nehren, U. (eds) Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation in Practice. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 42. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43633-3_4

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