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Immune to Brain Communication in Health, Age and Disease: Implications for Understanding Age-Related Neurodegeneration

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The Ageing Immune System and Health

Abstract

The biggest threat to healthy ageing is the loss of our brain or eye function. Dementia and age-related vision loss are major causes of disability in our ageing population and it is estimated that a third of people aged over 75 are affected. Misfolded proteins, such as amyloid beta or alpha synuclein, pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are generally believed to be causative in the pathogenesis of these devastating disorders. However, analysis of post-mortem brain tissue from healthy older individuals has provided evidence that the presence of misfolded proteins alone does not correlate with cognitive decline and dementia, implying that additional factors are critical for neural dysfunction. We now know that innate immune genes and life-style contribute to the onset and progression of age-related neuronal dysfunction, suggesting that chronic activation of the immune system plays a key role in the underlying mechanisms that lead to irreversible tissue damage in the CNS. In this chapter we will discuss if, and how, the immune system regulates the CNS, which additional risk factor(s) contribute to the underlying mechanisms leading to neuronal dysfunction and whether intervention or immune modulation may be beneficial for those at risk of developing a devastating neurodegenerative disease. In particular, we will focus on the role of systemic infections and discuss the role of both the innate and the adaptive immune system in health, age and disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Jessica L. Teeling

  2. Department Neurodegeneration In Vivo, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark

    Ayodeji A. Asuni

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Correspondence to Jessica L. Teeling .

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology UNIFESP Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Valquiria Bueno

  2. MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing Birmingham University Medical School Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Janet M. Lord

  3. Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Thomas A. Jackson

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Teeling, J.L., Asuni, A.A. (2017). Immune to Brain Communication in Health, Age and Disease: Implications for Understanding Age-Related Neurodegeneration. In: Bueno, V., Lord, J., Jackson, T. (eds) The Ageing Immune System and Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43365-3_8

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